scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment of CO2 Emissions of Online Music and Videos Streaming in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3992
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Tabata ◽  
Tse Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Video Streaming ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Internet Communication ◽  
Digital Contents ◽  
Online Music ◽  
Streaming Services ◽  
Server Manufacturing

In this study, we analyzed the CO2 emissions of online music and video streaming services, as one of the digital contents, in Japan using life cycle assessment. As a system boundary of online music and video streaming, processes such as data center construction and server manufacturing, usage of communication networks and internet communication technology devices (personal computers (PCs) and smartphones), and disposal of data centers and servers were considered. Data were collected using statistical and online surveys, and CO2 emissions per 1 MB of communication volume were calculated. One of the results revealed that the lifecycle CO2 emissions of listening to online music using PCs and smartphones were 5.88 × 10−4 and 1.43 × 10−4 kg-CO2/MB, respectively. The overall CO2 emissions for domestic music and video streaming services in 2019 was 921 thousand t-CO2. Online video streaming accounted for 87.7% of the total emissions, which corresponded to approximately 0.23% of domestic CO2 emissions derived from electric power generation.

scholarly journals Estimation of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from a Traditional Nutrient-Rich Cambodian Diet Food Production System Using Life Cycle Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3660
Author(s):  
Rathna Hor ◽  
Phanna Ly ◽  
Agusta Samodra Putra ◽  
Riaru Ishizaki ◽  
Tofael Ahamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Production System ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Food Production System

Traditional Cambodian food has higher nutrient balances and is environmentally sustainable compared to conventional diets. However, there is a lack of knowledge and evidence on nutrient intake and the environmental greenness of traditional food at different age distributions. The relationship between nutritional intake and environmental impact can be evaluated using carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from agricultural production based on life cycle assessment (LCA). The objective of this study was to estimate the CO2 equivalent (eq) emissions from the traditional Cambodian diet using LCA, starting at each agricultural production phase. A one-year food consumption scenario with the traditional diet was established. Five breakfast (BF1–5) and seven lunch and dinner (LD1–7) food sets were consumed at the same rate and compared using LCA. The results showed that BF1 and LD2 had the lowest and highest emissions (0.3 Mt CO2 eq/yr and 1.2 Mt CO2 eq/yr, respectively). The food calories, minerals, and vitamins met the recommended dietary allowance. The country’s existing food production system generates CO2 emissions of 9.7 Mt CO2 eq/yr, with the proposed system reducing these by 28.9% to 6.9 Mt CO2 eq/yr. The change in each food item could decrease emissions depending on the type and quantity of the food set, especially meat and milk consumption.

scholarly journals Life cycle assessment of coal-fired power plants and sensitivity analysis of CO2 emissions from power generation side

2017 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 012055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libao Yin ◽  
Yanfen Liao ◽  
Lianjie Zhou ◽  
Zhao Wang ◽  
Xiaoqian Ma
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Power Plants

scholarly journals Environmental Impact of Subsidy Concepts for Stimulating Car Sales in Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 10037
Author(s):  
Malte Scharf ◽  
Ludger Heide ◽  
Alexander Grahle ◽  
Anne Magdalene Syré ◽  
Dietmar Göhlich
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Ecological Efficiency ◽  
Battery Electric Vehicles ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Car Sales

In 2020, vehicle sales decreased dramatically due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, several voices have demanded a vehicle subsidy similar to the “environmental subsidy” in Germany in 2009. The ecological efficiency of vehicle subsidies is controversially discussed. This paper establishes a prognosis of the long-term environmental impacts of various car subsidy concepts. The CO2 emissions of the German car fleet impacted by the purchase subsidies are determined. A balance model of the CO2 emissions of the whole car life cycle is developed. The implementation of different subsidy scenarios directly affects the forecasted composition of the vehicle population and, therefore, the resulting life-cycle assessment. All scenarios compensate the additional emissions required by the production pull-in within the considered period and, hence, reduce the accumulated CO2 emissions until 2030. In the time period 2019–2030 and for a total number of 0.72 million subsidized vehicles—compensating the decrease due to the COVID-19 pandemic—savings of between 1.31 and 7.56 million t CO2 eq. are generated compared to the scenario without a subsidy. The exclusive funding of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) is most effective, with an ecological break-even in 2025.

scholarly journals Dynamic Hybrid Life Cycle Assessment of CO2 Emissions of a Typical Biogas Project

2016 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 396-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binyue Zhang ◽  
Bin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Hybrid Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Dynamic Hybrid

Life cycle assessment of CO2 emissions from wind power plants: Methodology and case studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxuan Wang ◽  
Tianye Sun
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Wind Power Plants

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment of Dynamic Water Flow Glazing Envelopes: A Case Study with Real Test Facilities

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2195
Author(s):  
Belen Moreno Santamaria ◽  
Fernando del Ama Gonzalo ◽  
Matthew Griffin ◽  
Benito Lauret Aguirregabiria ◽  
Juan A. Hernandez Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Heating And Cooling

High initial costs hinder innovative technologies for building envelopes. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) should consider energy savings to show relevant economic benefits and potential to reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Life Cycle Cost (LCC) and Life Cycle Energy (LCE) should focus on investment, operation, maintenance, dismantling, disposal, and/or recycling for the building. This study compares the LCC and LCE analysis of Water Flow Glazing (WFG) envelopes with traditional double and triple glazing facades. The assessment considers initial, operational, and disposal costs and energy consumption as well as different energy systems for heating and cooling. Real prototypes have been built in two different locations to record real-world data of yearly operational energy. WFG systems consistently showed a higher initial investment than traditional glazing. The final Life Cycle Cost analysis demonstrates that WFG systems are better over the operation phase only when it is compared with a traditional double-glazing. However, a Life Cycle Energy assessment over 50 years concluded that energy savings between 36% and 66% and CO2 emissions reduction between 30% and 70% could be achieved.

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