scholarly journals Occupational Radiation Dose, Especially for Eye Lens: Hp(3), in Medical Staff Members Involved in Computed Tomography Examinations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4448
Author(s):  
Minoru Osanai ◽  
Hidenori Sato ◽  
Kana Sato ◽  
Kohsei Kudo ◽  
Masahiro Hosoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Shielding Effect ◽  
Eye Lens ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Ct Examination ◽  
Radiation Dose Exposure ◽  
Occupational Radiation

Radiation dose management of medical staff has become increasingly important. Particularly, based on the statement by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) in 2011, a new lower equivalent dose limit for the eye lens is being established in each country. Although many reports have discussed the occupational radiation dose in interventional radiology (IR), few studies have examined the dose during computed tomography (CT) examinations. This study investigated the radiation dose exposure to medical staff present in the CT room during irradiation, with particular focus on the exposure to eye lens. The radiation dose exposure to those who assist patients during head, chest and upper abdomen CT examination was measured in a phantom study. The radiation dose exposure with scattered radiation was never negligible (i.e., high); Hp(3) was the highest in head CT examination, at 0.44 mSv per examination. Furthermore, the shielding effect of radiation protection glasses was large, and radiation protection glasses are useful tools for the medical staff who are involved in CT examinations. The justification and optimisation should be carefully considered in assistant actions.

scholarly journals Occupational Radiation Dose to Eye Lenses in CT-Guided Interventions Using MDCT-Fluoroscopy

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 646
Author(s):  
Yohei Inaba ◽  
Shin Hitachi ◽  
Munenori Watanuki ◽  
Koichi Chida
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Ct Fluoroscopy ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Dose Length Product ◽  
Ct Guided ◽  
Reduction Methods ◽  
Ct System ◽  
Occupational Radiation

In computed tomography (CT)-guided interventions (CTIs), physicians are close to a source of scattered radiation. The physician and staff are at high risk of radiation-induced injury (cataracts). Thus, dose-reducing measures for physicians are important. However, few previous reports have examined radiation doses to physicians in CTIs. This study evaluated the radiation dose to the physician and medical staff using multi detector (MD)CT-fluoroscopy, and attempted to understand radiation-protection and -reduction methods. The procedures were performed using an interventional radiology (IVR)-CT system. We measured the occupational radiation dose (physician and nurse) using a personal dosimeter in real-time, gathered CT-related parameters (fluoroscopy time, mAs, CT dose index (CTDI), and dose length product (DLP)), and performed consecutive 232 procedures in CT-guided biopsy. Physician doses (eye lens, neck, and hand; μSv, average ± SD) in our CTIs were 39.1 ± 36.3, 23.1 ± 23.7, and 28.6 ± 31.0, respectively. Nurse doses (neck and chest) were lower (2.3 ± 5.0 and 2.4 ± 4.4, respectively) than the physician doses. There were significant correlations between the physician doses (eye and neck) and related factors, such as CT-fluoroscopy mAs (eye dose: r = 0.90 and neck dose: r = 0.83). We need to understand the importance of reducing/optimizing the dose to the physician and medical staff in CTIs. Our study suggests that physician and staff doses were not significant when the procedures were performed with the appropriate radiation protection and low-dose techniques.

MINIMIZING THE EXPOSURE TO THE EYE LENS OF RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGISTS ASSISTING PATIENTS DURING CHEST X RAYS: A PHANTOM STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Yasuda Mitsuyoshi ◽  
Funada Tomoya ◽  
Sato Hisaya ◽  
Kato Kyoichi
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Phantom Study ◽  
International Commission ◽  
Eye Lens ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Radiologic Technologists ◽  
Maximum Reduction ◽  
The Right

Abstract As chest x rays involve risks of patients falling, radiologic technologists (technologists) commonly assist patients, and as the assistance takes place near the patients, the eye lenses of the technologists are exposed to radiation. The recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection suggest that the risk of developing cataracts due to lens exposure is high, and this makes it necessary to reduce and minimize the exposure. The present study investigated the positions of technologists assisting patients that will minimize exposure of the eye lens to radiation. The results showed that it is possible to reduce the exposure by assisting from the following positions: 50% at the sides rather than diagonally behind, 10% at the right side of the patient rather than the left and 40% at 250 mm away from the patient. The maximum reduction with radiation protection glasses was 54% with 0.07 mmPb and 72% with 0.88 mmPb.

scholarly journals Low-Dose Computed Tomography for the Optimization of Radiation Dose Exposure in Patients with Crohn’s Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G. Kavanagh ◽  
John O’Grady ◽  
Brian W. Carey ◽  
Patrick D. McLaughlin ◽  
Siobhan B. O’Neill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Radiation Dose Exposure ◽  
Ct Technology

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the mainstay method for the radiological imaging of the small bowel in patients with inflammatory bowel disease without the use of ionizing radiation. There are circumstances where imaging using ionizing radiation is required, particularly in the acute setting. This usually takes the form of computed tomography (CT). There has been a significant increase in the utilization of computed tomography (CT) for patients with Crohn’s disease as patients are frequently diagnosed at a relatively young age and require repeated imaging. Between seven and eleven percent of patients with IBD are exposed to high cumulative effective radiation doses (CEDs) (>35–75 mSv), mostly patients with Crohn’s disease (Newnham E 2007, Levi Z 2009, Hou JK 2014, Estay C 2015). This is primarily due to the more widespread and repeated use of CT, which accounts for 77% of radiation dose exposure amongst patients with Crohn’s disease (Desmond et al., 2008). Reports of the projected cancer risks from the increasing CT use (Berrington et al., 2007) have led to increased patient awareness regarding the potential health risks from ionizing radiation (Coakley et al., 2011). Our responsibilities as physicians caring for these patients include education regarding radiation risk and, when an investigation that utilizes ionizing radiation is required, to keep radiation doses as low as reasonably achievable: the “ALARA” principle. Recent advances in CT technology have facilitated substantial radiation dose reductions in many clinical settings, and several studies have demonstrated significantly decreased radiation doses in Crohn’s disease patients while maintaining diagnostic image quality. However, there is a balance to be struck between reducing radiation exposure and maintaining satisfactory image quality; if radiation dose is reduced excessively, the resulting CT images can be of poor quality and may be nondiagnostic. In this paper, we summarize the available evidence related to imaging of Crohn’s disease, radiation exposure, and risk, and we report recent advances in low-dose CT technology that have particular relevance.

Occupational radiation dose to the eye lens of physicians from departments of interventional radiology

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 106276
Author(s):  
Meng-En Lian ◽  
Yuan-Hsiung Tsai ◽  
I-Gung Li ◽  
Yu-Han Hong ◽  
Szu-Li Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interventional Radiology ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Eye Lens ◽  
Occupational Radiation

Multidetector Computed Tomography Angiography (MD-CTA) of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts – Update 2017

2017 ◽  
Vol 190 (03) ◽  
pp. 237-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Jungmann ◽  
Tilman Emrich ◽  
Peter Mildenberger ◽  
Anna Emrich ◽  
Christoph Düber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Multidetector Computed Tomography ◽  
Computed Tomography Angiography ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Graft Patency ◽  
Bypass Grafts ◽  
Radiation Dose Exposure ◽  
Multidetector Computed Tomography Angiography

Background Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is still an important therapeutic approach in the treatment especially of advanced coronary artery disease. In this study, we elucidate the current role of multidetector computed tomography angiography (MD-CTA) in imaging patients after CABG surgery. Method This study is based on recent reports in the literature (2007 – 2016) on imaging of CABG using 64-slice MD-CT scanners and beyond. We included 13 reports that compared ECG-gated MD-CTA with conventional invasive coronary angiography (ICA) as the reference standard for the assessment of graft patency and for the detection of > 50 % stenoses. These studies had to provide absolute values for true-positive, true-negative, false-positive and false-negative results or at least allow calculation of these numbers. In total, 1002 patients with 2521 bypass grafts were the basis for this review. Results and Conclusion The sensitivity and specificity for the assessment of graft patency or the detection of > 50 % graft stenosis were 97.2 % and 97.5 %, respectively. The negative and positive predictive values were 93.6 % and 99 %, respectively. By using prospective ECG-gating and an increasing pitch factor, the radiation dose exposure declined to 2.4 mSv in the latest reports. ECG-gated MD-CTA provides a fast and reliable, noninvasive method for assessing patients after CABG. The most substantial benefit of the newest CT scanner generations is a remarkable reduction of radiation dose exposure while maintaining a still excellent diagnostic accuracy during recent years. Key Points  Citation Format

OCCUPATIONAL DOSE AND RADIATION PROTECTION PRACTICE IN UAE: A RETROSPECTIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL COHORT STUDY (2002–2016)

2019 ◽  
Vol 187 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiam Elshami ◽  
Mohamed Abuzaid ◽  
Albert D Piersson ◽  
Ola Mira ◽  
Mohamed AbdelHamid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Occupational Dose ◽  
Occupational Radiation ◽  
Reduction Of Radiation Dose

Abstract A two-phased retrospective cross-sectional study analysed the occupational dose and radiation protection practice among medical workers in two hospitals in the UAE. Phase 1 evaluated radiation protection practice using a questionnaire, whereas phase 2 assessed the occupational dose. Readings of 952 thermoluminescence dosimeters were analyzed. The result showed 52% of medical workers have a good level of radiation protection practice. Readings of 952 thermoluminescence dosimeters were analyzedAverage annual effective dose per worker ranged from 0.39 to 0.83 mSv. Cardiologists and nurses displayed a higher average of occupational radiation dose compared to other workers. There were no significant correlations between radiation protection practice and hospital, occupation or department. Finally, the occupational dose was within the international and national limits, but the reduction of radiation dose to cardiologist and nurses is essential. Moreover, training is essential to promote radiation safe practice among medical workers.

ESTIMATION OF Hp(3) TO THE EYE LENS OF INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGISTS—RELATION BETWEEN THE EYE LENS DOSE AND RADIOLOGIST’S HEIGHT

2019 ◽  
Vol 187 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuro Tanaka ◽  
Kosuke Matsubara ◽  
Atsushi Fukuda ◽  
Satoshi Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Interventional Radiology ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Dose Reduction ◽  
Optically Stimulated Luminescence ◽  
Reduction Ratio ◽  
Eye Lens ◽  
Median Dose ◽  
Dose Limit ◽  
Lead Apron ◽  
Occupational Radiation

Abstract The aim of the study was to estimate occupational radiation dose to the eye lens of radiologists and the dose reduction ratio of lead glasses during interventional radiology. Three interventional radiologists monitored Hp(3) using small-type optically stimulated luminescence dosemeters attached to the left inside and outside of the lead glasses with 0.07-mmPb [Hp(3)eye]. Hp(10) and Hp(0.07) were monitored, respectively, by attaching the personal dosemeter to the lead neck collar above the lead apron. The median Hp(3)eye with lead glasses and the median dose reduction ratio of lead glasses for the three radiologists were 8.02 mSv/y and 57.7%, respectively. The median Hp(3)eye without lead glasses [Hp(3)eye-w/o] for the three radiologists was 18.6 mSv/y, but Hp(3)eye-w/o for one of the radiologists was 24.1 mSv/y. Monitoring occupational radiation dose to the eye lens is important because interventional radiologists are at risk of exceeding the new dose limit.

Radiation Dose and Somatic Risk from Computed Tomography

1987 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Faulkner ◽  
B. M. Moores
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Male Patient ◽  
Dose Distribution ◽  
Lithium Fluoride ◽  
Central Axis ◽  
Organ Doses ◽  
Ct Examination ◽  
Genetic Risks ◽  
Thermoluminescent Dosemeters

Lithium fluoride (LiF) thermoluminescent dosemeters (TLD) have been employed to measure the radiation dose distribution within a phantom and the central axis dose in air. Results are presented for seven (four EMI CT1010, one EMI CT5005, one EMI CT7070 and one Siemens DR2) different machines. Organ doses for four different computed tomography (CT) investigations (head, lung, liver and pelvis) have been estimated from previously published tables and the central axis dose in air in 3 CT units. These estimated organ doses were used in turn to deduce the somatic and genetic risks for the four types of CT examination. These calculations indicate that for an ‘average’ male patient undergoing a CT examination corresponding to the average conditions encountered, the total somatic risks are 3.15 10−4, 1.98 10−4, 2.31 10−4, and 1.38 10−4 for head, lung, liver and pelvis scans, respectively. The corresponding figures for female patients are 3.39 10−4, 3.95 10−4, 2.73 10−4, and 1.60 10−4. The risk from head scanning is approximately 250 times that of a dental pantomograph. Somatic and genetic risks will be approximately twice as high for contrast examinations.

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