Mini-Review: Recent Technologies of Electrode and System in the Enzymatic Biofuel Cell (EBFC)

Enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) is one of the branches of fuel cells that can provide high potential for various applications. However, EBFC has challenges in improving the performance power output. Exploring electrode materials is one way to increase enzyme utilization and lead to a high conversion rate so that efficient enzyme loading on the electrode surface can function correctly. This paper briefly presents recent technologies developed to improve bio-catalytic properties, biocompatibility, biodegradability, implantability, and mechanical flexibility in EBFCs. Among the combinations of materials that can be studied and are interesting because of their properties, there are various nanoparticles, carbon-based materials, and conductive polymers; all three have the advantages of chemical stability and enhanced electron transfer. The methods to immobilize enzymes, and support and substrate issues are also covered in this paper. In addition, the EBFC system is also explored and developed as suitable for applications such as self-pumping and microfluidic EBFC.

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Development of Biofuel Cell Using a Complex of Highly Oriented Immobilized His-Tagged Enzyme and Carbon Nanotube Surface Through a Pyrene Derivative

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jnn.2019.16121 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 3551-3557 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hiroaki Sakamoto ◽

Ayako Koto ◽

Ei-Ichiro Takamura ◽

Hitoshi Asakawa ◽

Takeshi Fukuma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Transfer ◽

Carbon Nanotube ◽

Glucose Dehydrogenase ◽

Molecular Layer ◽

Biofuel Cells ◽

Biofuel Cell ◽

Similar Process ◽

Enzyme Complex ◽

Catalytic Current ◽

Oriented Immobilization

For increasing the output of biofuel cells, increasing the cooperation between enzyme reaction and electron transfer on the electrode surface is essential. Highly oriented immobilization of enzymes onto a carbon nanotube (CNT) with a large specific surface area and excellent conductivity would increase the potential for their application as biosensors and biofuel cells, by utilizing the electron transfer between the electrode-molecular layer. In this study, we prepared a CNT-enzyme complex with highly oriented immobilization of enzyme onto the CNT surface. The complex showed excellent electrical characteristics, and could be used to develop biodevices that enable efficient electron transfer. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were dispersed by pyrene butyric acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester, and then N-(5-amino-1-carboxypentyl) iminodiacetic acid (AB-NTA) and NiCl2 were added to modify the NTA-Ni2+ complex on the CNT surface. Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) was immobilized on the CNT surface through a genetically introduced His-tag. Formation of the MWCNT-enzyme complex was confirmed by monitoring the catalytic current electrochemically to indicate the enzymatic activity. PQQ-GDH was also immobilized onto a highly ordered pyrolytic graphite surface using a similar process, and the enzyme monolayer was visualized by atomic force microscopy to confirm its structural properties. A biofuel cell was constructed using the prepared CNT-enzyme complex and output evaluation was carried out. As a result, an output of 32 μW/cm2 could be obtained without mediators.

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Two-dimensional graphene paper supported flexible enzymatic fuel cells

Nanoscale Advances ◽

10.1039/c9na00178f ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (7) ◽

pp. 2562-2570 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Fei Shen ◽

Dmitry Pankratov ◽

Arnab Halder ◽

Xinxin Xiao ◽

Miguel D. Toscano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cells ◽

Electrode Materials ◽

Biofuel Cells ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Biomedical Devices ◽

Enzymatic Biofuel Cells ◽

P Application ◽

Graphene Paper ◽

Implantable Biomedical Devices

Application of enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) in wearable or implantable biomedical devices requires flexible and biocompatible electrode materials.

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Extending the operational lifetimes of all-direct electron transfer enzymatic biofuel cells by magnetically assembling and exchanging the active biocatalyst layers on stationary electrodes

Nano Research ◽

10.1007/s12274-019-2285-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 767-775 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Katharina Herkendell ◽

Andreas Stemmer ◽

Ran Tel-Vered

Keyword(s):

Electron Transfer ◽

Direct Electron Transfer ◽

Biofuel Cells ◽

Enzymatic Biofuel Cells

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Integration of a Capacitor to 3-D DNA Walker and Biofuel Cell-Based Self-Powered System for Ultrasensitive Bioassays of MicroRNA

Nanoscale ◽

10.1039/d1nr06271a ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fu-Ting Wang ◽

Ke-Jing Huang ◽

Yangyang Hou ◽

Xuecai Tan ◽

Xu Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Signal Amplification ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Biofuel Cells ◽

Biofuel Cell ◽

Dna Walker ◽

Enzymatic Biofuel Cells ◽

Self Powered

A self-powered microRNAs biosensor with triple signal amplification systems is assembled through integration of three-dimensional DNA walker, enzymatic biofuel cells and capacitor. The DNA walker is designed from an enzyme-free...

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Application of Electrically Conducting Nanocomposite Material Polythiophene@NiO/Frt/GOx as Anode for Enzymatic Biofuel Cells

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13081823 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1823

Author(s):

Inamuddin ◽

Khalid A. Alamry

Keyword(s):

Nickel Oxide ◽

Electrochemical Characterizations ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽

Biofuel Cells ◽

Biofuel Cell ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Electrically Conducting ◽

Enzymatic Biofuel Cells

In this work, nano-inspired nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO) and polythiophene (Pth) modified bioanode was prepared for biofuel cell applications. The chemically prepared nickel oxide nanoparticles and its composite with polythiophene were characterized for elemental composition and microscopic characterization while using scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical characterizations of polythiophene@NiO composite, biocompatible mediator ferritin (Frt) and glucose oxidase (GOx) catalyst modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode were carried out using cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and charge-discharge studies. The current density of Pth@NiO/Frt/GOx bioanode was found to be 5.4 mA/cm2. The bioanode exhibited a good bio-electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of the glucose. The experimental studies of the bioanode are justifying its employment in biofuel cells. This will cater a platform for the generation of sustainable energy for low temperature devices.

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Highly Efficient Porous Enzyme-based Carbonaceous Electrodes Obtained Through Integrative Chemistry

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/opl.2013.3 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1491 ◽

Author(s):

Victoria Flexer ◽

Nicolas Brun ◽

Rénal Backov ◽

Nicolas Mano

Keyword(s):

Electrode Materials ◽

Low Cost ◽

Porous Electrode ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Biofuel Cells ◽

Enzyme Loading ◽

Catalytic Current ◽

Templating Method ◽

Fuel Delivery ◽

Glucose Electrooxidation

ABSTRACTThis work concerns the search for new electrode materials for efficient biofuel cells applications. Using a hard templating method we prepared carbonaceous electrodes modified further with Glucose Oxidase and Os polymer. The glucose electrooxidation current is 13-fold bigger on the porous electrode than on flat glassy carbon for the same enzyme loading. These electrodes are three dimensional and posses hierarchical porosity, to optimize the need for both surface area and efficient fuel delivery Although, the dependence of the catalytic current with the rotation rate suggests that the size and quantity of the macropores is not yet fully optimized, the electrode preparation protocol is simple and low cost, and can be easily adapted to tune the pore sizes. The mechanical strength and the synthetic route allow for the external shape and size of the electrodes to be designed on demand, an important feature to incorporate electrodes into devices.

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Enzymatic biofuel cells based on protective hydrophobic carbon paste electrodes: towards epidermal bioenergy harvesting in the acidic sweat environment

Chemical Communications ◽

10.1039/c9cc09533k ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (13) ◽

pp. 2004-2007

Author(s):

Juliane R. Sempionatto ◽

Paulo A. Raymundo-Pereira ◽

Nathalia F. B. Azeredo ◽

Andre N. De Loyola e Silva ◽

Lúcio Angnes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Stability ◽

Biofuel Cells ◽

Biofuel Cell ◽

Carbon Paste ◽

Lactate Oxidase ◽

Carbon Paste Electrodes ◽

Enzymatic Biofuel Cells ◽

Ph Conditions ◽

Cell Anode

Encapsulation of lactate-oxidase within a hydrophobic protective carbon-paste biofuel cell anode imparts high stability and continuous bioenergy harvesting under dynamically changing sweat pH conditions.

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