scholarly journals Comparison of Countermovement and Preferred-Style Jump Biomechanics in Male Basketball Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 6092
Author(s):  
Kristof Kipp ◽  
John Krzyszkowski ◽  
Todd Smith ◽  
Christopher Geiser ◽  
Hoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Joint Kinetics ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Vertical Ground ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Forces

The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the biomechanics of countermovement (CMJ) and preferred-style (PrefJ) jumps. Eight male basketball players (age: 19 ± 1 year; height: 1.84 ± 0.14 m; mass: 92.8 ± 11.4 kg) participated in a cross-sectional study for which they performed max effort CMJ and PrefJ while motion capture and force plate data were recorded. The CMJ were performed according to common procedures. For the PrefJ, the eight players chose to use a short approach run and a step-in jump, with a clear lead and trail leg foot contact pattern. Vertical ground reaction forces (GRF), center-of-mass (COM) parameters, as well as hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles, extension velocities, net joint moments, powers, and work were all calculated and used for analysis. Bi-lateral data from the CMJ were averaged, whereas lead and trail leg data from the PrefJ were kept separated. The PrefJ was characterized by greater jump height and GRF and shorter contact times. Joint-level differences indicated that the PrefJ was characterized by larger joint kinetics. Importantly, very few biomechanical variables of the CMJ and PrefJ were correlated, which suggests that each jump type is characterized by unique movement strategies. Since PrefJ may better represent athlete- and sport-specific movement pattern, these findings could have implications for assessing and monitoring neuromuscular performance of basketball players.

scholarly journals Force plate gait analysis to assess limb function after tibial tuberosity advancement in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Damur ◽  
T. Guerrero ◽  
M. Haessig ◽  
P. Montavon ◽  
K. Voss
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Tibial Tuberosity ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Vertical Ground ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Forces

Summary Objective: To assess functional outcome in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) disease after tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) using force plate gait analysis, and to evaluate parameters potentially influencing outcome. Study design: Prospective clinical study. Animals: Consecutive clinical patients (n=37) with CrCL-deficient stifles (n=40). Methods: The stifle joints were examined arthroscopically prior to TTA. Meniscal release was not performed if the medial meniscus was intact. Open medial arthrotomy and partial meniscectomy were performed in the presence of meniscal tears. Vertical ground reaction forces were measured preoperatively and at follow-up examinations four to 16 months postoperatively (mean: 5.9 months). The ground reaction forces of a group of 65 healthy dogs were used for the comparison. The potential effects of clinical parameters on functional outcome were evaluated statistically. Results: Complete CrCL rupture was identified in 28 joints, and partial CrCL rupture in 12 joints. The medial meniscus was damaged in 21 stifles. Vertical ground reaction forces were significantly higher at follow-up (P<0.01), but remained significantly lower than those of control dogs (P<0.01). Complications were identified in 25% of joints, and the dogs with complications had significantly lower peak vertical forces at follow-up than the dogs without complications (P=0.04). Other clinical parameters did not influence outcome. Conclusions: Tibial tuberosity advancement significantly improved limb function in dogs with CrCL disease, but did not result in complete return to function. Complications adversely affected functional outcome. Clinical significance: A return to a function of approximately 90% of normal can be expected in dogs with CrCL disease undergoing TTA.

scholarly journals Joint Kinetics and Kinematics During Common Lower Limb Rehabilitation Exercises

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 1011-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Comfort ◽  
Paul Anthony Jones ◽  
Laura Constance Smith ◽  
Lee Herrington
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Joint Moments ◽  
Joint Kinetics ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Vertical Ground ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Limb Rehabilitation ◽  
Rehabilitation Exercises

Context  Unilateral body-weight exercises are commonly used to strengthen the lower limbs during rehabilitation after injury, but data comparing the loading of the limbs during these tasks are limited. Objective  To compare joint kinetics and kinematics during 3 commonly used rehabilitation exercises. Design  Descriptive laboratory study. Setting  Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants  A total of 9 men (age = 22.1 ± 1.3 years, height = 1.76 ± 0.08 m, mass = 80.1 ± 12.2 kg) participated. Intervention(s)  Participants performed the single-legged squat, forward lunge, and reverse lunge with kinetic data captured via 2 force plates and 3-dimensional kinematic data collected using a motion-capture system. Main Outcome Measure(s)  Peak ground reaction forces, maximum joint angles, and peak sagittal-joint moments. Results  We observed greater eccentric and concentric peak vertical ground reaction forces during the single-legged squat than during both lunge variations (P ≤ .001). Both lunge variations demonstrated greater knee and hip angles than did the single-legged squat (P &lt; .001), but we observed no differences between lunges (P &gt; .05). Greater dorsiflexion occurred during the single-legged squat than during both lunge variations (P &lt; .05), but we noted no differences between lunge variations (P = .70). Hip-joint moments were greater during the forward lunge than during the reverse lunge (P = .003) and the single-legged squat (P = .011). Knee-joint moments were greater in the single-legged squat than in the reverse lunge (P &lt; .001) but not greater in the single-legged squat than in the forward lunge (P = .41). Ankle-joint moments were greater during the single-legged squat than during the forward lunge (P = .002) and reverse lunge (P &lt; .001). Conclusions  Appropriate loading progressions for the hip should begin with the single-legged squat and progress to the reverse lunge and then the forward lunge. In contrast, loading progressions for the knee and ankle should begin with the reverse lunge and progress to the forward lunge and then the single-legged squat.

scholarly journals Symmetry in External Work (SEW): A Novel Method of Quantifying Gait Differences Between Prosthetic Feet

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vibhor Agrawal ◽  
Robert Gailey ◽  
Christopher O'Toole ◽  
Ignacio Gaunaurd ◽  
Tomas Dowell
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
External Work ◽  
Prosthetic Limbs ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Vertical Ground ◽  
Body Center ◽  
Prosthetic Feet ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Transtibial Amputees

Unilateral transtibial amputees (TTAs) show subtle gait variations while using different prosthetic feet. These variations have not been detected consistently with previous experimental measures. We introduce a novel measure called Symmetry in External Work (SEW) for quantifying kinetic gait differences between prosthetic feet. External work is the result of changes in kinetic and potential energy of body center of mass (CoM). SEW is computed by integrating vertical ground reaction forces obtained using F-scan in-sole sensors. Since various prosthetic feet have different designs, we hypothesized that SEW will vary with the type of foot used. This hypothesis was tested with a single unilateral TTA using four prosthetic feet (Proprio, Trias+, Seattle Lite and SACH). The Proprio (mean symmetry 94.5% ± 1.1%) and the Trias+ (92.1% ± 2.5%) feet exhibited higher symmetry between the intact and prosthetic limbs, as compared to the Seattle (67.8% ± 19.3%) and SACH (35.7% ± 11.1%) feet. There was also a good agreement in vertical CoM excursion between the intact foot and prosthetic feet with heel-toe foot plate designs. Results indicate that SEW measure may be a viable method to detect kinetic differences between prosthetic feet and could have clinical applications because of relatively low cost instrumentation and minimal subject intervention.

scholarly journals Influence of velocity on horse and rider movement and resulting saddle forces at walk and trot

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bogisch ◽  
K. Geser-Von Peinen ◽  
T. Wiestner ◽  
L. Roepstorff ◽  
M.A. Weishaupt
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Speed Range ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Accurate Comparison ◽  
Vertical Ground ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Forces

To investigate the effect of increasing velocity within one gait on horse and rider movement and to describe the resulting changes in saddle forces, seven ridden dressage horses were examined on an instrumented treadmill. The speed ranged between 1.3-1.8 m/s at walk and 2.6-3.6 m/s at trot. Kinematics of the horse and rider, vertical ground reaction forces and saddle forces were measured simultaneously. Velocity dependency of each variable was assessed for the whole group with linear regression. With increasing velocity, the saddle forces at walk were mainly influenced by the accentuated rocking type of movement and at trot by the higher vertical dynamic and a more rigid horseback which resulted in increased counteracting force between horse and rider. Even small increases of velocity changed the dynamics of the movement pattern of the horse and consequently the forces emerging beneath the saddle: a 10% increase within the indicated speed range resulted in +5% (walk) and +14% (trot) higher total saddle force peaks. Accurate comparison of saddle forces requires speed-matched trials; velocity is therefore a factor which also has to be considered under clinical conditions.

Effect of dog breed and body conformation on vertical ground reaction forces, impulses, and stance times

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 106-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Wiestner ◽  
L. Galeandro ◽  
M. Hässig ◽  
P. M. Montavon ◽  
K. Voss
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Vertical Ground ◽  
Dog Breed ◽  
Similar Body ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Forces

Summary Objectives: To assess whether fully normalised vertical ground reaction forces and stance times obtained at a trot depend on dog breed or body conformations. Methods: Peak vertical forces (PVF), vertical impulses (VI), stance times (ST), and ratio of forelimb impulse to total impulse (RVI) of 54 dogs of seven different breeds were normalised to body weight and body size according to the theory of dynamic similarity, and were tested for differences between breeds. Breeds were Borzoi, Bernese Mountain dog, Great Dane, Labrador Retriever, Landseer, Rhode-sian Ridgeback, and Rottweiler. Body length ratio (BLR) and body mass index (BMI) were also compared between breeds. Results: Significant differences between breeds were found for the normalised fore-limb PVF, VI and ST, and hindlimb PVF. Looking at individual breeds, it was most evident that Borzois had a lower forelimb VI, and a higher hindlimb PVF than the other breeds. This resulted in Borzois having a lower RVI compared to other dogs, indicating a more caudally located centre of gravity. Only a few differences in gait parameters were found between other dog breeds. The BMI was significantly lower in Borzois than in other breeds, but was otherwise not associated with gait parameters. Clinical significance: Force plate data of dogs of different breeds are not necessarily comparable, even after full normalisation to body weight and body size. Group comparisons should only be made when the groups consist of breeds with similar body conformations.

scholarly journals A novel prophylactic parachute ankle brace CPAB

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Zhou ◽  
Di Wu ◽  
Zhengyao Li ◽  
Xiangdong Wu ◽  
Bin Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Joint ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Biomechanical Assessment ◽  
Ankle Brace ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Vertical Ground ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Forces

Abstract Background: Comparing the effects of a self-designed and self-manufactured novel prophylactic ankle brace (Chinese parachute ankle brace, CPAB) and two ordinary ankle braces on the ankle joint during a half-squat parachute landing via biomechanical assessment.Methods: Twenty elite paratroopers were in four different conditions: no brace, elastic brace, semi-rigid brace, and CPAB. Each participant was instructed to jump off a platform with three different heights, 40 cm, 80 cm, and 120 cm, and land on the AMTI force plate in a half-squat posture. The vertical ground reaction forces (vGRF), joint angles, moments, powers, and works were calculated. After the experiment, every participant completed the questionnaires designed for this study.Result: Increasing the dropping height increased all of the parameters significantly (P<0.01), except for time to peak vGRF (T-PvGRF). Applying three braces can all slightly increase vGRF (P=0.237) and reduce T-PvGRF by 6-10 ms, as well as decrease the joint angles, velocities, and moments on the sagittal and coronal planes. Wearing CPAB and a semi-rigid brace more efficiently restricted dorsiflexion and inversion (P<0.05), and they both significantly reduced ankle work (t=5.107, P<0.01; t=3.331, P<0.01) and peak power (t=7.237, P<0.01; t=6.711, P<0.01) at 120 cm. The total scores from low-to-high were semi-rigid brace (19.20±2.99), elastic brace (21.91±3.25), and CPAB (23.37±3.08).Conclusion: The CPAB was more effective at restricting ankle joint motion on the coronal and sagittal planes than the other two prophylactic ankle braces. Therefore, the CPAB had the advantages of a novel appearance, high efficiency, and superior comfort, providing a reliable choice for parachute jumping and training in China.

Wearable resistance acutely enhances club head speed in skilled female golfers

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 675-680
Author(s):  
Paul Macadam ◽  
Anita Chau ◽  
John Cronin
Keyword(s):  
Force Plate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Golf Swing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Vertical Ground ◽  
Club Head ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Forces

Golf is a skill-based sport which requires optimal swing mechanics to improve golf performance. As practitioners seek training methods to improve swing kinetics without compromising swing kinematics, loading through wearable resistance is one training modality which enables the golf swing to be performed in an overloaded manner. The purpose of this research therefore was to explore the acute effects of wearable resistance on golf swing performance measures. A randomised cross-over design was used with five skilled female golfers (22.0 ± 2.5 years, 163.1 ± 3.3 cm, 57.1 ± 3.4 kg and handicap 4 ± 1.2) who performed a series of golf shots with and without wearable resistance of 1.6 kg (∼2.8% body mass) attached laterally to the posterior trail side of the body. Flightscope launch monitor and force plate technology were used to quantify changes in club head speed and ground reaction forces. Using a paired t-test used for statistical analysis, significant ( p < 0.05) acute increases were found in club head speed (3.5%, p = 0.03), relative vertical ground reaction forces (11.4%, lead side, p = 0.01) and relative mediolateral ground reaction forces (7.1%, trail side, p = 0.03) with wearable resistance as compared to the unloaded condition. Wearable resistance enables a player to perform golf shots in an overloaded manner resulting in significant improvements in club head speed. Future research is required to assess the long-term adaptations to this form of loading on golf swing performance.

scholarly journals Joint angle estimation with wavelet neural networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saaveethya Sivakumar ◽  
Alpha Agape Gopalai ◽  
King Hann Lim ◽  
Darwin Gouwanda ◽  
Sunita Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring Applications ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Multiple Sensor ◽  
Vertical Ground ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Gait Monitoring ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
And Control

AbstractThis paper presents a wavelet neural network (WNN) based method to reduce reliance on wearable kinematic sensors in gait analysis. Wearable kinematic sensors hinder real-time outdoor gait monitoring applications due to drawbacks caused by multiple sensor placements and sensor offset errors. The proposed WNN method uses vertical Ground Reaction Forces (vGRFs) measured from foot kinetic sensors as inputs to estimate ankle, knee, and hip joint angles. Salient vGRF inputs are extracted from primary gait event intervals. These selected gait inputs facilitate future integration with smart insoles for real-time outdoor gait studies. The proposed concept potentially reduces the number of body-mounted kinematics sensors used in gait analysis applications, hence leading to a simplified sensor placement and control circuitry without deteriorating the overall performance.

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