Methane Emissions Regulated by Microbial Community Response to the Addition of Monensin and Fumarate in Different Substrates

Ruminants contribute significantly to global methane (CH4) emissions. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effects of monensin sodium salt (MSS) and disodium fumarate (DF) on CH4 production, rumen fermentation, and microbial community, with different substrates. The addition of MSS and DF, alone and in combination, significantly reduced the concentration and production of CH4 (p < 0.05), and while with vinasse as substrate, the CH4 production was higher for forage. The highest propionate production and lowest acetate and propionic ratio (A:P) values were all observed in cultures added to the combination of 14 mmol/L DF and 80 mg/kg MSS in both substrates, suggesting that these additives improved the rumen fermentation efficiency. The diversity indexes of prokaryotic microbiota with forage as the substrate were significantly higher than vinasse, and there were different effects on diversity indexes with the addition of MSS and DF depending on the incubated substrate. Supplementation with MSS and DF increased the number of starch degradation and fumarate reducing bacteria, decreased the number of methanogens, but had no significant effect on the number of fibrolytic bacteria. pH, NH3-N, and rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA) were the main factors influencing prokaryotic community structure. In conclusion, basal substrates (forage and vinasse) and CH4 mitigation additives (MSS and DF) have interactions on the in vitro rumen fermentation and microbial composition.

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Rumen Methanogenesis, Rumen Fermentation, and Microbial Community Response to Nitroethane, 2-Nitroethanol, and 2-Nitro-1-Propanol: An In Vitro Study

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10030479 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 479

Author(s):

Zhenwei Zhang ◽

Yanlu Wang ◽

Xuemeng Si ◽

Zhijun Cao ◽

Shengli Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Incubation Time ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Community Response ◽

Gas Production ◽

Mcra Gene ◽

Degradation Rates

Nitroethane (NE), 2-nitroethanol (NEOH), and 2-nitro-1-propanol (NPOH) were comparatively examined to determine their inhibitory actions on rumen fermentation and methanogenesis in vitro. Fermentation characteristics, CH4 and total gas production, and coenzyme contents were determined at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h incubation time, and the populations of ruminal microbiota were analyzed by real-time PCR at 72 h incubation time. The addition of NE, NEOH, and NPOH slowed down in vitro rumen fermentation and reduced the proportion of molar CH4 by 96.7%, 96.7%, and 41.7%, respectively (p < 0.01). The content of coenzymes F420 and F430 and the relative expression of the mcrA gene declined with the supplementation of NE, NEOH, and NPOH in comparison with the control (p < 0.01). The addition of NE, NEOH, and NPOH decreased total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and acetate (p < 0.05), but had no effect on propionate concentration (p > 0.05). Real-time PCR results showed that the relative abundance of total methanogens, Methanobacteriales, Methanococcales, and Fibrobacter succinogenes were reduced by NE, NEOH, and NPOH (p < 0.05). In addition, the nitro-degradation rates in culture fluids were ranked as NEOH (−0.088) > NE (−0.069) > NPOH (−0.054). In brief, the results firstly provided evidence that NE, NEOH, and NPOH were able to decrease methanogen abundance and dramatically decrease mcrA gene expression and coenzyme F420 and F430 contents with different magnitudes to reduce ruminal CH4 production.

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Pilot Study of the Effects of Polyphenols from Chestnut Involucre on Methane Production, Volatile Fatty Acids, and Ammonia Concentration during In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11010108 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 108

Author(s):

Yichong Wang ◽

Sijiong Yu ◽

Yang Li ◽

Shuang Zhang ◽

Xiaolong Qi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Propionic Acid ◽

Acid Content ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Gas Production ◽

Quadratic Response ◽

In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Nutritional strategies can be employed to mitigate greenhouse emissions from ruminants. This article investigates the effects of polyphenols extracted from the involucres of Castanea mollissima Blume (PICB) on in vitro rumen fermentation. Three healthy Angus bulls (350 ± 50 kg), with permanent rumen fistula, were used as the donors of rumen fluids. A basic diet was supplemented with five doses of PICB (0%–0.5% dry matter (DM)), replicated thrice for each dose. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs), ammonia nitrogen concentration (NH3-N), and methane (CH4) yield were measured after 24 h of in vitro fermentation, and gas production was monitored for 96 h. The trial was carried out over three runs. The results showed that the addition of PICB significantly reduced NH3-N (p < 0.05) compared to control. The 0.1%–0.4% PICB significantly decreased acetic acid content (p < 0.05). Addition of 0.2% and 0.3% PICB significantly increased the propionic acid content (p < 0.05) and reduced the acetic acid/propionic acid ratio, CH4 content, and yield (p < 0.05). A highly significant quadratic response was shown, with increasing PICB levels for all the parameters abovementioned (p < 0.01). The increases in PICB concentration resulted in a highly significant linear and quadratic response by 96-h dynamic fermentation parameters (p < 0.01). Our results indicate that 0.2% PICB had the best effect on in-vitro rumen fermentation efficiency and reduced greenhouse gas production.

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In vitro effects of avoparcin on protein degradability and rumen fermentation

Animal Feed Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/0377-8401(86)90027-1 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 215-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

J.P. Jouany ◽

P. Thivend

Keyword(s):

Rumen Fermentation ◽

In Vitro Effects ◽

Protein Degradability

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Chemical Additives in Rumen Fermentations: In Vitro Effects of Various Drugs on Rumen Volatile Fatty Acids and Protozoa

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/jas1970.305812x ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 812-818 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

J. J. O'Connor ◽

G. S. Myers ◽

D. C. Maplesden ◽

G. W. Vander Noot

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Chemical Additives ◽

In Vitro Effects

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In vitro effects of phenolic acids and IgY immunoglobulins on aspects of rumen fermentation

ROMANIAN BIOTECHNOLOGICAL LETTERS ◽

10.25083/rbl/24.3/513.521 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 513-521

Author(s):

MIHAELA BERCHEZ ◽

◽

ADRIANA CRISTINA URCAN ◽

NICOLAE CORCIONIVOSCHI ◽

ADRIANA CRISTE

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Acids ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

In Vitro Effects

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Pomegranate seed oil rich in conjugated linolenic acids reduces in vitro methane production

South African Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4314/sajas.v46i3.13 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 325-335

Author(s):

E. Maleki ◽

G.Y. Meng ◽

M. Faseleh Jahromi ◽

R. Jorfi ◽

A. Khoddami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methane Production ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Control Diet ◽

Nutrient Utilization ◽

Gas Production ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Ch4 Production

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed oil (PSO) on gas and methane (CH4) production, ruminal fermentation and microbial populations under in vitro conditions. Three treatments consisting of a control diet containing 10 mg tallow (CON); the control diet with 5 mg PSO + 5 mg tallow (MPSO) and the control diet containing 10 mg PSO (HPSO) were compared. Ten mg of the experimental fat/oil samples were inserted into a gas-tight 100 mL plastic syringe containing 30 mL of an incubation inoculum and 250 mg of a basic substrate of a hay/concentrate (1/1, w/w) mixture. In vitro gas production was recorded over 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h of incubation. After 24 hours, incubation was stopped, and methane production, pH, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and microbial counts were measured in the inoculant. Gas production at 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h incubation, metabolizable energy and in vitro organic matter disappearance increased linearly and quadratically as level of PSO increased. Furthermore, the 10 mg PSO (HPSO) decreased CH4 production by 21.0% compared with the control (CON) group. There were no significant differences in total and individual VFA concentrations between different levels of PSO, except for butyric acid. After 24 h of incubation, methanogenesis decreased in the HPSO compared with the MPSO and CON treatments. In addition, total bacteria and protozoa counts increased with rising PSO levels, while population methanogenesis declined significantly. These results suggested that PSO could reduce methane emissions, which might be beneficial to nutrient utilization and growth in ruminants.

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Effect of Eucalyptus globulus leaves extracts on in vitro rumen fermentation, methanogenesis, degradability and protozoa population

Annals of Animal Science ◽

10.2478/aoas-2018-0006 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 753-767 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Amina Boussaada ◽

Rabah Arhab ◽

Serena Calabrò ◽

Raffaella Grazioli ◽

Maria Ferrara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Eucalyptus Globulus ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Gas Production ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Ch4 Production ◽

In Vitro Gas Production

Abstract The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of three Eucalyptus globulus extracts rich in phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids, on rumen fermentation, methane (CH4) production, organic matter degradability and protozoa population using an in vitro gas production technique. Four concentrations (0, 50, 75 and 100 mg) of three Eucalyptus extracts (ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous) were added to a diet of ruminants (forage: concentrate ratio 60:40) and incubated at 39°C under anaerobiosis with buffered rumen fluid. After 24 h, the fermentation fluid was analysed for ammonia-N and volatile fatty acids (VFA). Organic matter degradability (OMD) and protozoa were also determined; in vitro gas production was also recorded and CH4 concentration was measured. Compared to the control, CH4 production was significantly lower for ethyl acetate extract (P<0.05), but higher for n-butanol and aqueous extracts. Production of ammonia- N was lower in all Eucalyptus extracts (P<0.05). Propionate production (P<0.05) increased for ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts, whereas no effect was registered for VFA, for all Eucalyptus extracts. Ethyl acetate extract decreased in vitro OMD (P<0.05), whereas n-butanol and aqueous extracts were comparable to the control. Protozoa population decreased (P<0.05) for all extracts in comparison with the control. Eucalyptus ethyl acetate extract might be promising to be used as a potent anti-methanogenic additive. Moreover, the assessment of the right dosage seems to be important to decrease methane production, without reducing feed nutritional value.

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Using glycerin with chitosan extracted from shrimp residue to enhance rumen fermentation and feed use in native Thai bulls

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2021.1158-1164 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1158-1164

Author(s):

Anuthida Seankamsorn ◽

Anusorn Cherdthong ◽

Sarong So ◽

Metha Wanapat

Keyword(s):

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Latin Square ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Crude Glycerin ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Design Factor ◽

Ch4 Production ◽

High Level

Background and Aim: Crude glycerin is changed to propionate in the rumen, while chitosan can be used as a feed supplement to increase propionic acid concentration and decrease methane (CH4) production. We hypothesized that supplementation with a combination of a high level of crude glycerin with chitosan could have a beneficial effect on ruminal fermentation and mitigate CH4 production. This study aimed to explore the combined effects of crude glycerin and chitosan supplementation on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and CH4 calculation in native Thai bulls. Materials and Methods: Four 2-year-old native Thai bulls, weighing 150±20 kg, were kept in a 2×2 factorial arrangement in a 4×4 Latin square design. Factor A represented the incorporation of crude glycerin at 10.5% and 21% of the dry matter (DM) of a total mixed ration (TMR), and factor B represented the supplementation of chitosan at 1% and 2% DM of a TMR. Results: Increasing levels of crude glycerin at 21% decreased DM intake by 0.62 kg/day compared with 10.5% crude glycerin (p<0.05), whereas nutrient digestibility did not change (p>0.05). The incorporated crude glycerin and supplemented chitosan levels did not affect the pH, temperature, concentrations of ammonia-nitrogen, microbial population, and blood urea nitrogen (p>0.05). Supplemented chitosan and incorporated crude glycerin did not show any interaction effects on the molar portions and total volatile fatty acids (VFAs), except estimated CH4. Increasing the incorporated crude glycerin levels increased propionate and decreased the ratio of acetate to propionate ratio, whereas levels of butyrate, acetate, and total VFAs were unchanged. The combination of crude glycerin at 21% in the TMR with chitosan at 2% reduced CH4 estimation by 5.08% compared with the other feed treatment. Conclusion: Increasing incorporated crude glycerin levels in a TMR significantly elevated the propionate concentration, whereas combining 21% crude glycerin in the TMR diet with 2% chitosan supplementation could depress CH4 estimation more effectively than adding one of these supplements alone.

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Essential oils effect on rumen fermentation and biohydrogenation under in vitro conditions

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/7708-cjas ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 59 (No. 10) ◽

pp. 450-459 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

M. Gunal ◽

A. Ishlak ◽

A.A. AbuGhazaleh ◽

W. Khattab

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Dose Level ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Buffer Solution ◽

Cinnamon Oil ◽

Tea Tree

The effects of adding essential oils (EO) at different levels (125, 250, 500 mg/l) on rumen fermentation and biohydrogenation were examined in a rumen batch culture study. Treatments were: control without EO (CON), control with anise oil (ANO), cedar wood oil (CWO), cinnamon oil (CNO), eucalyptus oil (EUO), and tea tree oil (TEO). Essential oils, each dissolved in 1 ml of ethanol, were added to the culture flask containing 40 ml of buffer solution, 2 ml of reduction solution, 10 ml of rumen fluid, 25 mg of soybean oil, and 0.5 g of the diet. After 24 h of incubation in a water batch at 39°C, three samples were collected from each flask and analyzed for ammonia-N, volatile fatty acids (VFA), and fatty acids (FA). Expect for CNO, the proportions of acetate, propionate, and acetate to propionate ratios were not affected (P > 0.05) by EO addition. Addition of CWO, CNO, and TEO reduced total VFA concentrations (P < 0.05) regardless of dose level. The ammonia-N concentration was greater in cultures incubated with EO regardless of dose level. Compared with the CON, the concentrations of C18:0 and trans C18:1 were reduced (P < 0.05) with EO addition regardless of dose level. Compared with the CON, the concentration of linoleic acid was greater (P < 0.05) when EO were added at 500 mg/l. EO tested in this study had no effects on VFA profile but significantly reduced the formation of biohydrogenation products (C18:0 and trans C18:1).

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