scholarly journals Maximum Admissible Slip of Tractor Wheels without Disturbing the Soil Structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6893
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Bulgakov ◽  
Aivars Aboltins ◽  
Hristo Beloev ◽  
Volodymyr Nadykto ◽  
Volodymyr Kyurchev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Resistance Coefficient ◽  
Bulk Deformation ◽  
Soil Pressure ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Structure Coefficient ◽  
Wheel Rolling ◽  
Deformation Coefficient ◽  
Crucial Parameter

One of the most important parameters that characterize the traction-coupling properties of a wheeled tractor is its slip. The more tractor’s gross traction exists, the higher its traction-coupling properties are. However, this gross traction should not exceed its maximum possible value, which, in turn out, is to be determined by the maximum permissible slip, . This article provides the equation to calculate this crucial parameter and establishes the dependencies between the tractor’s slip and soil structure coefficient. It was shown that the value of basically depends on such soil characteristics as the bulk deformation coefficient and the coefficient of rolling resistance. Calculations showed that, for the average value of the soil bulk deformation coefficient at , the average value of rolling resistance coefficient at 0.16, and the ratio value of the maximum permissible soil pressure to the tractor wheel rolling radius at , the maximum permitted amount slip of the tractor wheels should not exceed 15%. With more slip, the soil structure deteriorates significantly. In this case, its structure coefficient may be less than critical, equal to 0.4.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Influence of Permanent Traffic Lane Properties on Rolling of Bridge Agricultural Equipment Wheels

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Bulgakov ◽  
Semjons Ivanovs ◽  
Volodymyr Kuvachоv ◽  
Dmytro Prysiazhniuk
Keyword(s):  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Resistance Coefficient ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Supporting Surface ◽  
Agricultural Equipment ◽  
Traffic Lane ◽  
Wheel Rolling ◽  
Resistance Forces ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Abstract Movement of bridge agricultural equipment along the permanent traffic lanes is characterised by significant energy costs for overcoming the rolling resistance forces. Until now, the movement process of bridge agricultural equipment wheels along the compacted soil of permanent traffic lanes has been paid only a little attention. It has been established that the physical and mechanical properties of soil lanes significantly affect the energy consumption necessary for overcoming the rolling resistance of forces of bridge agricultural equipment wheels. Considering the range of possible changes in these properties, the coefficient of rolling resistance of equipment wheels varies from 0.06 to 0.1, which is 66%. In order to reduce the rolling resistance coefficient of equipment wheels when moving along the permanent traffic lanes, the surface needs to be undeformable. When moving along such a solid and dense supporting surface, the wheel rolling resistance is lowest.

scholarly journals Experimental study of the rolling resistance of car wheels on a roller stand

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
Igor Мarmut ◽  
◽  
Vitalii Kashkanov ◽  
Volodymyr Zuiev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Resistance Coefficient ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Radial Force ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Wheel Rolling

The article considers the results of experimental studies of the rolling resistance of car wheels on a roller stand. Also, the dependence of the coefficient of total resistances during wheel rolling on the stand rollers on the speed was established. Monitoring and diagnosing the technical condition of the rolling stock of vehicles from the point of view of traffic safety is one of the most important problems. This control is especially important for systems whose technical condition affects traffic safety, first of all, brake systems, as well as the power unit in the traction test mode. Foreign and domestic experience testifies to the effectiveness of instrumental control. Its advantages lie in the reliability of the values of the checked parameters. The diagnostic equipment includes roller stands, on which you can check the braking and traction properties of cars. As shown by many studies, in particular, carried out at the Department of Technical Operation and Service of Automobiles, KhNADU (HADI), inertial stands provide more reliable information about the technical condition of the car. The inertial test method allows you to reproduce real speed and thermal modes of operation. To improve the accuracy of diagnosing a car on a roller stand, it is necessary to have an idea of the nature of the interaction of the car wheels with the stand rollers. Studies of wheel rolling on the stand rollers have been carried out by many authors since the 70s of the last century. However, all of these studies were conducted on old bias tires. Now, only radial tires are used on passenger cars, the rolling resistance of which on rollers has practically not been studied. Therefore, returning to the study of this issue is relevant. The rolling resistance of wheels on the rollers of the stand will significantly affect the nature of their interaction during long-term running tests (due to increased heating of contacting bodies, power losses, violation of similarity conditions, etc.). It was found that the value of the rolling resistance coefficient noticeably depends on the ratio of the radii of the roller and the wheel, as well as the contact load, that is, the radial force of pressing the wheel against the roller, and in addition, on the speed and duration of the mode. The obtained results of the experiment made it possible to improve the theory of the interaction of a car wheel with the rollers of an inertial diagnostic stand. Also, the results of the experiments can be extended to different types of tires and the ratio of the radii of the wheel and roller.

Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Culvert considering Concrete Creep and Shrinkage

1996 ◽  
Vol 1541 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-126
Author(s):  
Charles J. Oswald
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Soil Pressure ◽  
Concrete Creep ◽  
Long Span ◽  
Creep And Shrinkage ◽  
Good Agreement

Measurements made on a long span reinforced concrete arch culvert under 7.3 m (24 ft) of silty clay backfill were compared with results from finite-element analyses of the soil-structure system using the CANDE finite-element code. The culvert strains and deflections and the soil pressure on the culvert were measured during construction and during the following 2.5 years at three instrumented cross sections. The CANDE program was modified to account for the effects of concrete creep and shrinkage strains after it was noted that the measured postconstruction culvert deflection and strains increased significantly whereas the measured soil pressure on the culvert remained relatively constant. Good agreement was generally obtained between measured and calculated values of the culvert strain and deflection and the soil pressure during the entire monitoring period after the code was modified.

Use of the kinematic radius in the rolling mechanics of an elastic wheel

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
V.I. Kopotilov
Keyword(s):  
Traction Force ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Kinematic Parameter ◽  
Resistance Force ◽  
Elastic Wheel ◽  
Wheel Rolling ◽  
Physical Essence ◽  
Braking Force ◽  
Rolling Mode

The analysis of the physical essence of the kinematic and dynamic radii of the wheel is given. It is stated that the rolling radius of the wheel is a conditional kinematic parameter that characterizes only the rolling mode of the wheel. It is not the shoulder of all longitudinal forces acting on the wheel and should not be used to determine tractive forces, rolling resistance and wheel braking forces. Specific examples are given to illustrate the inappropriateness of using the kinematic radius to determine forces and moments. Keywords: elastic wheel, rolling radius, kinematic radius, dynamic radius, arm of force, traction force, rolling resistance force, braking force, rolling mode

scholarly journals Limitations of vehicle movement resistances: rolling resistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 256-259
Author(s):  
Piotr Wrzecioniarz ◽  
Wojciech Ambroszko ◽  
Aleksandra Pindel
Keyword(s):  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Resistance Coefficient ◽  
Rolling Resistance Coefficient ◽  
Vehicle Movement

In the paper limitations and exemplary methods of rolling resistance minimization are described. Changes of value of rolling resistance coefficient during years and values for exemplary rolling pairs are presented. Conclusions about future progress are formulated.

scholarly journals Rolling Resistance Estimation for PCR Tyre Design Using the Finite Element Method

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutisna Nanang Ali
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Resistance Coefficient ◽  
Total Force ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emission ◽  
Deformation Force ◽  
Rolling Resistance Coefficient ◽  
Alternative Designs ◽  
Element Method

This study presents rolling resistance estimation in the design process of passenger car radial (PCR) tyre by using finite element method. The rolling resistance coefficient of tyres has been becoming one of main requirements within the regulation in many countries as it is related to the level of allowable exhaust gas emission generated by vehicle. Therefore, the tyre being designed must be digitally simulated using finite element method before the tyre is manufactured to provide a high confident level and avoid unnecessary cost related to failure physical product testing. The simulation firstly computes the deformation of several alternative designs of tyres under certain loading, and then the value of deformation force in each tyre component during deformation took place is calculated. The total force of deformation is considered as energy loss or hysteresis loss resulted in tyre rolling resistance. The experiment was carried out on three different tyre designs: two grooves, three grooves, and four grooves. The four groove tyre design gave the smallest rolling resistance coefficient (RRC). Finally, the simulation was continued to compare different crown radius of the tyres and the result shows that the largest crown radius generates the lowest rolling resistance.

scholarly journals Analytical determination of application point and normal reaction arm when rolling a wheel on a drum

2021 ◽  
Vol 341 ◽  
pp. 00039
Author(s):  
Maria Karelina ◽  
Tatyana Balabina ◽  
Alexey Mamaev
Keyword(s):  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Analytical Determination ◽  
Support Surface ◽  
Rigid Support ◽  
Normal Reaction ◽  
Normal Forces ◽  
Elastic Wheel ◽  
Wheel Rolling ◽  
Force Equilibrium

Evaluation of the rolling resistance of car tires is now often performed on drum stands like car tests. This necessitates the study of the mechanics of interaction between the wheel and the drum in order to determine its force and kinematic characteristics, including the values and points of application of tangential and normal forces in contact with the drum. These problems can be solved taking into account that the mechanics of elastic wheel rolling on a drum is the same as when rolling on a flat rigid support surface. In this paper, from consideration of the mechanics of interaction between an elastic wheel and a drum, using the equations of power balance and force equilibrium of the wheel, the equations for determining the point of normal reaction in contact and its arm relative to the wheel axis during its rolling along one and two drums have been derived.. These dependencies have a simple form and can be applied when considering the rolling of both a single wheel and the car as a whole on a drum stand.

scholarly journals A Fast Calculation Method for Improving the Steering Arm of Mining Trucks with Macpherson Suspension

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8614
Author(s):  
Jianwei Wu ◽  
Qidi Fu ◽  
Jianrun Zhang ◽  
Beibei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Calculation Method ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Coupling Model ◽  
Resistance Coefficient ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Fast Calculation ◽  
Vehicle Velocity ◽  
Steering Mechanism ◽  
Improvement Scheme

The steering arm has recently been frequently broken in a kind of mining truck with Macpherson suspension. To accelerate replacing the broken parts and minimize the economic cost, a fast calculation method for improving the steering arm is proposed in this paper. In this method, the forces on the steering arm are calculated by quasi-static analysis under a low vehicle velocity. Dynamic characteristics of the tire and road are partly included by considering the ranges of the rolling resistance coefficient and friction coefficient from the empirical values, which determines the torque on the steering arm under extreme conditions. The rigid–flexible coupling model for the left steering mechanism in ANSYS Workbench is established and solved to obtain the distribution stress on the steering arm under extreme conditions. Then, the reliability of the simulation results based on this fast calculation method is verified by the experiment. After determining an improvement scheme considering the economic and time cost, the satisfactory strength is obtained. The results illustrate that the strength of the improved steering arm has nearly doubled. Finally, the effectiveness of the improved steering arm is demonstrated by the users’ feedback after it is manufactured, installed, and used.

scholarly journals Determination of rolling resistance coefficient based on normal tyre stiffness

2018 ◽  
Vol 327 ◽  
pp. 042093
Author(s):  
S P Rykov ◽  
V N Tarasuyk ◽  
V S Koval ◽  
N I Ovchinnikova ◽  
A I Fedotov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Resistance Coefficient ◽  
Rolling Resistance Coefficient

ENERGY ANALYSIS OF THE USE PHASE OF CONVENTIONAL TIRES COMPARED TO GUAYULE NR TIRES

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 578-588
Author(s):  
Ranjani B. Theregowda ◽  
Pragnya L. Eranki ◽  
Amy E. Landis
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Resistance Coefficient ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Linear Change ◽  
Rubber Tire ◽  
Use Phase

ABSTRACT Guayule NR can be grown in the United States and offers a potentially more secure and sustainable alternative to the substantial Hevea NR that is imported from Southeast Asia. This paper presents the first rolling resistance and use-phase energy consumption estimates for guayule tires. The results of this study show that use-phase life cycle energy reductions can be achieved with NRs and that the rolling resistance coefficient (RRcnew) and reference service life (RSL) of the new tire are the critical parameters that pertain to energy and fuel efficiency. A tire's use phase accounts for approximately 86% of its life cycle energy consumption and thus is an important consideration in sustainability assessments. We calculated the use-phase energy consumption for two types of NR tires: a 100% guayule rubber tire and an experimental epoxidized NR tire. These two NR tires were compared against a conventional passenger tire made by Cooper Tire & Rubber Company. The ISO product category rules for passenger tires were used to determine energy consumption, while relevant data were measured from concept tires built in collaboration with Cooper Tire & Rubber Company. The results of this analysis showed that both experimental NR tires have improved use-phase energy consumption compared to conventional rubber tires. Although the epoxidized NR tire with low RRcnew consumes the least energy during the use phase, it is currently not being considered for commercial manufacture. The 100% guayule rubber tire shows a 6% reduction in energy consumption compared to the conventional rubber tire. Results of the sensitivity analysis showed a linear change in use-phase energy consumption with the relevant tire load and RRcnew and an inverse change with the average vehicle fuel efficiency and the RSL.

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