scholarly journals Comparative Safety Analysis of Accelerator Driven Subcritical Systems and Critical Nuclear Energy Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 8179
Author(s):  
Run Luo ◽  
Shripad T. Revankar ◽  
Fuyu Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Heat Sink ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Inherent Safety ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Comparative Safety ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Reactivity Insertion

The accelerator driven subcritical system (ADS) has been chosen as one of the best candidates for Generation IV nuclear energy systems which could not only produce clean energy but also incinerate nuclear waste. The transient characteristics and operation principles of ADS are significantly different from those of the critical nuclear energy system (CNES). In this work, the safety characteristics of ADS are analyzed and compared with CNES by a developed neutronics and thermal-hydraulics coupled code named ARTAP. Three typical accidents are carried out in both ADS and CNES, including reactivity insertion, loss of flow, and loss of heat sink. The comparison results show that the power and the temperatures of fuel, cladding, and coolant of the CNES reactor are much higher than those of the ADS reactor during the reactivity insertion accident, which means ADS has a better safety advantage than CNES. However, due to the subcriticality of the ADS core and its low sensitivity to negative reactivity feedback, the simulation results indicate that the inherent safety characteristics of CNES are better than those of ADS under loss of flow accident, and the protection system of ADS would be quickly activated to achieve an emergency shutdown after the accident occurs. For the loss of heat sink, it is found that the peak temperatures of the cladding in the ADS and CNES reactors are lower than the safety limit, which imply these two reactors have good safety performance against loss of heat sink accidents.

Evaluation of Hybrid Nuclear Energy Systems

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin J. McDaniel
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
System Component

Small Modular Reactor (SMR) technologies have been recently deemed by the DOE as clean energy, a low carbon-dioxide emitting “alternative energy” source. Recent UN Sustainability Goals and Global Climate Talks to reduce the anthropomorphic Carbon-Dioxide atmospheric concentrations signal a renewed interest and need for nuclear power. The objective of this paper is to present an improved approach to the evaluation of “Hybrid Nuclear Energy Systems”. A hybrid energy system is defined as an energy system that utilizes two or more sources of energy to be used in single or multiple applications. Traditional single sourced energy or power systems require the amount of energy creation and the production of usable power to be carefully balanced. With the introduction of multiple energy sources, loads, and energy capacitors, the design, simulation, and operation of such hybrid systems requires a new approach to analysis and control. This paper introduces three examples of “Hybrid Nuclear Energy Systems”, for large scale power, industrial heat, and electricity generation. The system component independence, reliability, availability, and dynamic control aspects, coupled with component operational decisions presents a new way to optimize energy production and availability. Additional novel hybrid hydro-nuclear systems, concentrated solar-nuclear power desalination systems, and nuclear-insitu petroleum extraction systems are compared. The design aspects of such hybrid systems suitable for process heat, electricity generation, and/or desalination applications are discussed. After a multiple-year research study of past hybrid reactor designs and recent system proposals, the following design evaluation approach is the result of analysis of the best concepts discovered. This review of existing literature has summerized that postulated benefits of Hybrid Nuclear Sytems are; reduced greenhouse gas emissions, increased energy conversion efficiency, high reliability of electricity supply and consistent power quality, reduced fossil fuel dependence, less fresh water consumption, conversion of local coal or shale into higher value fuels, while lowering the risks and costs. As these proposed hybrid systems are interdisciplinary in nature, they will require a new multidisciplinary approach to systems evaluation.

scholarly journals Clean Energy Storage Workshop

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Ala-Juusela ◽  
Zupančič ◽  
Gubina ◽  
Tuerk
Keyword(s):  
Energy Systems ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Renewable Energy System ◽  
Storage Solutions ◽  
Decentralized Energy Systems ◽  
Decentralized Energy ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Roll Out ◽  
Energy Package

The Clean Energy Package foresees a strong roll out of decentralized energy systems with renewable generation and storage. The STORY project has designed and tested six different storage solutions for a decentralized renewable energy system. In the workshop organised in the frame of SP19 conference, we highlighted some of the economic, social and technical barriers to storage in Europe and how these have been addressed.

scholarly journals Sustainable nuclear energy dilemma

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naim Afgan
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Economic Indicator ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Priority Assessment

Sustainable energy development implies the need for the emerging potential energy sources which are not producing adverse effect to the environment. In this respect nuclear energy has gained the complimentary favor to be considered as the potential energy source without degradation of the environment. The sustainability evaluation of the nuclear energy systems has required the special attention to the criteria for the assessment of nuclear energy system before we can make firm justification of the sustainability of nuclear energy systems. In order to demonstrate the sustainability assessment of nuclear energy system this exercise has been devoted to the potential options of nuclear energy development, namely: short term option, medium term option, long term option and classical thermal system option. Criteria with following indicators are introduced in this analysis: nuclear indicator, economic indicator, environment indicator, social indicator... The Sustainability Index is used as the merit for the priority assessment among options under consideration.

scholarly journals Research on Interactive Scenarios and Mechanisms of Energy Supply and Use Modules of Park-level Integrated Energy System

2021 ◽  
Vol 236 ◽  
pp. 02007
Author(s):  
Zhao Pengxiang ◽  
Li Na ◽  
Li Zhiyuan ◽  
Wang Nan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Interaction Mechanism ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Energy Internet ◽  
Energy Storage Technology ◽  
Integrated Energy System ◽  
Smart Grid Technology

The integrated energy system can realize the complementary advantages of multiple energy sources and effectively solve the problem of low integrated energy efficiency of traditional energy systems. Carrying out research on the interactive scenarios and mechanisms of the energy supply and use modules of the integrated energy system is conducive to promoting the development of clean energy and promoting the indepth integration of energy Internet and distributed energy technology, smart grid technology, and energy storage technology. First, it summarizes the scenarios of the energy supply and use modules of the integrated energy system, and analyzes the interaction mechanism and paths of the energy supply and use modules of the integrated energy system on this basis.

scholarly journals Water Splitting: From Electrode to Green Energy System

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Li ◽  
Lili Zhao ◽  
Jiayuan Yu ◽  
Xiaoyan Liu ◽  
Xiaoli Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
External Power ◽  
Electrochemical Water Splitting

AbstractHydrogen (H2) production is a latent feasibility of renewable clean energy. The industrial H2 production is obtained from reforming of natural gas, which consumes a large amount of nonrenewable energy and simultaneously produces greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. Electrochemical water splitting is a promising approach for the H2 production, which is sustainable and pollution-free. Therefore, developing efficient and economic technologies for electrochemical water splitting has been an important goal for researchers around the world. The utilization of green energy systems to reduce overall energy consumption is more important for H2 production. Harvesting and converting energy from the environment by different green energy systems for water splitting can efficiently decrease the external power consumption. A variety of green energy systems for efficient producing H2, such as two-electrode electrolysis of water, water splitting driven by photoelectrode devices, solar cells, thermoelectric devices, triboelectric nanogenerator, pyroelectric device or electrochemical water–gas shift device, have been developed recently. In this review, some notable progress made in the different green energy cells for water splitting is discussed in detail. We hoped this review can guide people to pay more attention to the development of green energy system to generate pollution-free H2 energy, which will realize the whole process of H2 production with low cost, pollution-free and energy sustainability conversion.

scholarly journals Flexible Nuclear Energy for Clean Energy Systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Bragg-Sitton ◽  
John Gorman ◽  
Gordon Burton ◽  
Megan Moore ◽  
Ali Siddiqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Clean Energy

Framework for Assessing Transition Scenarios to Sustainable Nuclear Energy Systems

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina Fesenko ◽  
Vladimir Kuznetsov ◽  
Vladimir Usanov
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Material Flow ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Fuel Cycle ◽  
Nuclear Reactors ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Member States ◽  
Fuel Cycles

The International Atomic Energy Agency’s (IAEA’s) International Project on Innovative Nuclear Reactors and Fuel Cycles (INPRO) was established in 2000 with the goal to ensure a sustainable nuclear energy supply to meet the global energy needs in the 21st century. The INPRO activities on global and regional nuclear energy scenarios provide newcomers and mature nuclear countries alike with better understanding of options for making a collaborative transition to future sustainable nuclear energy systems. Collaborative project GAINS (Global Architecture of Innovative Nuclear Energy Systems Based on Thermal and Fast Reactors Including a Closed Fuel Cycle) developed an internationally verified analytical framework for assessing such transition scenarios. The framework (hereafter, GAINS framework) is a part of the integrated services provided by IAEA to Member States considering initial development or expansion of their nuclear energy programmes. The paper presents major elements of the analytical framework and selected results of its application, including: • Long-term nuclear energy demand scenarios based on the IAEA Member States’ high and low estimations of nuclear power deployment until 2030 and expected trends until 2050 and on forecasts of competent international energy organizations; • Heterogeneous world model comprised of groups of non-personified non-geographical countries (NGs) with different policy regarding nuclear fuel cycle back end; • Architectures of nuclear energy systems; • Metrics and tools for the assessment of dynamic nuclear energy system evolution scenarios regarding sustainability, including a set of key indicators and evaluation parameters; • An internationally verified database with best estimate material flow and economic characteristics of existing and advanced nuclear reactors and associated nuclear fuel cycles needed for material flow analysis and comparative economic analysis, extending the previously developed IAEA databases and taking into account preferences of different countries; • Selected results of sample analysis for scenarios involving transition from the present fleets of nuclear reactors and fuel cycles to future sustainable nuclear energy system architectures involving innovative technological solutions.

Cogeneration of Multi-Modular High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor Based on Cu-Cl Cycle and High Temperature Electrolysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Miao ◽  
Dong Zhe ◽  
Li Bowen ◽  
Jiang Di ◽  
Huang Xiaojin
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Cogeneration Plant ◽  
Load Following ◽  
Energy And Momentum ◽  
High Temperature Gas ◽  
High Temperature Electrolysis

Abstract With the transformation of global energy, the development of hybrid energy system of nuclear energy and other clean energy is a new research direction. As a representative of the generation IV nuclear energy system, modular high temperature gas-cooled reactor (MHTGR) can provide high quality steam for multiple usage. In this paper, the copper-chlorine (Cu-Cl) cycle and high-temperature electrolysis (HTE) hydrogen production are proposed as the backup processes of the multiple MHTGR unit, and the dynamic model of the cogeneration plant is established according to the conservation of mass, energy and momentum. Furthermore, the coordinated control system of cogeneration plant is proposed to realize load following control. It is programmed on MATLAB/Simulink platform and verified by numerical simulation, and the results show that the model and control scheme of cogeneration plant proposed in this paper is feasible to realize the load following function of stable grid frequency.

scholarly journals A Bibliometric Review on Decision Approaches for Clean Energy Systems under Uncertainty

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6824
Author(s):  
Alok K. Pandey ◽  
R. Krishankumar ◽  
Dragan Pamucar ◽  
Fausto Cavallaro ◽  
Abbas Mardani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Review Process ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Decision Methods ◽  
Literature Evidence ◽  
Bibliometric Review ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Review Model

This paper aims to provide a bibliometric review on the diverse decision approaches in uncertain contexts for clean energy system (CES) assessment. A total of 126 publications are analyzed. Previous reviews on CES have discussed several research questions on the decision methods and the applicability of evaluating CES, along with the factors associated with CESs. In the present study, we focus on the bibliometric aspect that attempts to address questions related to the prominence of authors, countries/regions that focus on the current theme, impact of journals, importance of articles in the research community, and so on. The window considered for the study is from 2018 to 2021, with the motive to extend the review process from the preceding works. A review model is presented to address the questions based on the literature evidence. The results infer that CESs are the most viable mode for sustainable development, and the use of decision approaches is apt for the assessment of CESs.

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