scholarly journals Power Sharing Control in a Grid-Tied DC Microgrid: Controller Hardware in the Loop Validation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 9295
Author(s):  
Víctor Samano-Ortega ◽  
Heriberto Rodriguez-Estrada ◽  
Elías Rodríguez-Segura ◽  
José Padilla-Medina ◽  
Juan Aguilera-Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
Variable Load ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Dc Microgrid ◽  
Photovoltaic Array ◽  
Simple Implementation ◽  
Hardware Description

This article presents the development of a low-cost control hardware in the loop platform for the validation and analysis of controllers used for the management of power sharing between the main grid and a DC microgrid. The platform is made up of two parts: a main grid interconnection system emulator (MGISE) and a controller under test (CUT). The MGISE operates on a 260 V DC bus and includes a 1000 W photovoltaic array, a DC variable load and a single H full bridge converter (HFBC). The CUT includes a phase locked loop and a main cascade control structure composed of two PI controllers. Both the MGISE and the CUT were embedded on an NI myRIO-1900 development board and programmed using LabVIEW virtual instrumentation software. These devices communicate with each other using analog signals representing the AC side current, the DC side voltage, and the HFBC control signal. The MGISE operates with an integration time of 6 µs and its performance is validated by comparing it with a simulation in PSIM. The integration time of the MGISE, the development boards used, as well as its programming environment, and the results obtained from the comparison with PSIM simulation, show that the proposed platform is useful for the validation of controllers for power sharing, with a simple implementation process compared to other hardware description methods and with a low-cost platform.

scholarly journals Simulation of Photovoltaic Array in DC Microgrid with MPPT using Perturb & Observe Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 2854-2865
Author(s):  
Bhukya Yuktha Mukhi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Duty Ratio ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Dc Microgrid ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Photovoltaic Array ◽  
Point Of Common Coupling ◽  
Charging And Discharging Processes ◽  
The Stability

If The stand-alone dc microgrid system with a PVA i.e solar renewable energy source is operated without any supportive energy storage sources like battery and supercapacitor, then it will lead to an unstable operation of a DC microgrid, so it necessitates the usage of energy storage devices for maintaining stability in the system and also to improve the efficiency of PVA we have used an MPPT controller with P&O algorithm which provides a required duty ratio for DC-DC boost converter and this converter sees that the maximum power can be transmitted from PVA to loads. In this paper, we present how we performed a simulation study by integrating Simulink models like PVA, MPPT, battery, and Supercapacitor at Point of common coupling with DC loads and observed the stability of the system with different conditions like the change of irradiances during charging and discharging processes of storage devices and observed how is the power-sharing from PVA, Battery, and supercapacitor concerning change in load.

scholarly journals THE MODEL OF CORRUPTION COURT BASED ON IT IN THE ARCHIPELAGO PROVINCE AS A QUICK, LOW COSTS, AND SIMPLE IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulistyanta ◽  
Aksi Sinurat ◽  
Jauhari Effendi ◽  
Fatma Ayu Jati Putri
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Simple Implementation ◽  
Provincial Capital ◽  
Low Costs

<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>The enactment of Law no. 46 Year 2009 about corruption court, is authorized to examine and decide the crime of corruption cases proposedby KPK or Prosecutor (State and High). Based on Article 35 paragraph (1) jo paragraph (4) of Law Number 46 of 2009, confirmed that corruption courts (TIPIKOR courts) are only located in each provincial capital whose jurisdiction covers the province concerned. By this provision, the Prosecutor Office in each district/city must transfer the corruption cases to the Corruption Court in the provincial capital. There are the problems as the following: first one, Is the process of criminal justice in the archipelago province like NTT able to fulfill the judicial principle of quick, low cost and simple?; second one, Is this condition not an obstacle in the process of criminal law enforcement in NTT?; The result of this research is that the Corruption Court in Kupang, conducted by several Prosecutor Offices, the samples do not meet the judicial principles of quick, low costs and simple. The obstacles besides spending much expenses, there are other factors such as weather, intentionally neglect the obligation as the experts, witnesses due to long time and high expenses.  Law enforcement becomes less maximal due to the existing budget, and it can only be done by a minimal law enforcement process with a fairly expensive cost.                                   </p><p><strong><em>Keyword (Keywords): Trial, </em><em>Criminal Court</em><em>,</em><em> TIPIKOR,</em><em> Archipelago, Expenses incurred.</em></strong></p>

scholarly journals Process Emulation System for High-Power Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Actuators

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 201-205
Author(s):  
Igor Ille ◽  
Sebastian Mojrzisch ◽  
Jens Twiefel
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Stable Process ◽  
Present System ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
High Flexibility

Abstract Ultrasonic actuators are used for a wide field of applications. The vibration energy can be used to realize many processes like ultrasonic welding or bonding. Furthermore there are many processes which run more efficient and faster combined with ultrasonic vibration like ultrasonic-assisted turning or drilling. Piezoelectric transducers are the main part of those applications. Most of the applications have a time-variant load behavior and need an amplitude feedback control to guarantee a stable process. To ensure correct function tests of the feedback control systems have to be done. In this case the processes have to be executed in association with a high number of cycles. To emulate the behavior of the environment the automotive and aerospace industries use hardware in the loop systems since a long time but there is no such a method for ultrasonic systems. This paper presents a method to realize high dynamic load emulation for different ultrasonic applications. Using a piezoelectric transformer it is possible to reproduce load curves by active damping on the secondary side of the transformer using a current proportional digital feedback circuit. A theoretical and experimental study of hardware in the loop system for ultrasonic applications is given by this paper. The present system allows testing a wide field of feedback control algorithms with high flexibility and a high number of cycles by utilization of low-cost components. This proceeding decreases design periods in association with feedback control.

scholarly journals Hardware-in-the-loop simulation of wave energy converters based on dielectric elastomer generators

Meccanica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1223-1237
Author(s):  
Giacomo Moretti ◽  
Andrea Scialò ◽  
Giovanni Malara ◽  
Giovanni Gerardo Muscolo ◽  
Felice Arena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Dielectric Elastomer ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Wave Energy Converters ◽  
Energy Converters

AbstractDielectric elastomer generators (DEGs) are soft electrostatic generators based on low-cost electroactive polymer materials. These devices have attracted the attention of the marine energy community as a promising solution to implement economically viable wave energy converters (WECs). This paper introduces a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation framework for a class of WECs that combines the concept of the oscillating water columns (OWCs) with the DEGs. The proposed HIL system replicates in a laboratory environment the realistic operating conditions of an OWC/DEG plant, while drastically reducing the experimental burden compared to wave tank or sea tests. The HIL simulator is driven by a closed-loop real-time hydrodynamic model that is based on a novel coupling criterion which allows rendering a realistic dynamic response for a diversity of scenarios, including large scale DEG plants, whose dimensions and topologies are largely different from those available in the HIL setup. A case study is also introduced, which simulates the application of DEGs on an OWC plant installed in a mild real sea laboratory test-site. Comparisons with available real sea-test data demonstrated the ability of the HIL setup to effectively replicate a realistic operating scenario. The insights gathered on the promising performance of the analysed OWC/DEG systems pave the way to pursue further sea trials in the future.

scholarly journals Bidirectional Power Flow Control in AC/DC Hybrid System under AC and DC Fault Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wai Wai Hnin
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Dc Microgrid ◽  
Photovoltaic Array ◽  
Hybrid Microgrid ◽  
Dc Bus ◽  
Bidirectional Power Flow ◽  
Ac Microgrid

This paper presents a hybrid AC-DC microgrid to reduce the process of multiple conversions in an individual AC microgrid or DC microgrid. The proposed hybrid microgrid compose of both AC microgrid and DC microgrid connected together by bidirectional interlink converter (BIC). Utility grid, 150kVA diesel generator (DG) and 100kW AC load are connected in AC microgrid. DC microgrid is composed of 100 kW photovoltaic array (PV), 20kW battery energy storage system (BESS) and 20kW DC load. The droop control technique is applied to control the system for power sharing within the sources in AC/DC hybrid microgrid in proportion to the power rating. When the faults occur at AC bus, protection signal applied to breaker for isolating the healthy and faults system. DC faults occur at DC bus, DC breaker isolate the AC and DC bus. The system performance for power flow sharing on hybrid AC-DC microgrid is demonstrated by using MATLAB/SIMULINK.

scholarly journals Development of a design and implementation process for the integration of hydrokinetic devices into existing infrastructure in South Africa

Water SA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3 July) ◽  
Author(s):  
CM Niebuhr ◽  
M Van Dijk ◽  
JN Bhagwan
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Irrigation Canal ◽  
Water Infrastructure ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Modular Units

In South Africa there is currently no notable use of modern small-scale hydrokinetic (HK) energy systems, mainly due to formerly low-cost coal-powered electricity. This renewable energy option makes use of the kinetic energy from flowing water, rather than potential energy, which is more often used in conventional hydropower. Updated refined versions of this technology are now being investigated and manufactured due to the global drive towards reducing carbon emissions and increasing energy efficiency. These modular units allow for installation of HK turbines into existing water infrastructure with very little civil works. The study’s objective was to develop a simplified design and implementation process for HK devices within the South African legislative and regulatory environment. Approximately 66% of South Africa’s water supply is used by the agricultural sector with more than 6 500 km of canal systems running through many areas which could benefit from alternative energy sources. The recent electricity crisis in the country allowed for problem resolution through funding opportunities and thereby an introduction of an innovative and sustainable technology to provide renewable electricity where otherwise not feasible. A pilot HK project was implemented in an applicable section on the Boegoeberg irrigation canal in the Northern Cape Province and tested for optimum functionality and correct application. This process allowed evolution of a development process for the implementation of HK devices in existing water infrastructure.

Hierarchical control of DC microgrid with dynamical load power sharing

2019 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghan Yuan ◽  
Yang Fu ◽  
Yang Mi ◽  
Zhenkun Li ◽  
Chengshan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Control ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Dc Microgrid ◽  
Load Power

Design of symmetrical half-bridge converter with a series coupling capacitor

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 609-620
Author(s):  
Ruchi Rashmi ◽  
Shweta Jagtap
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Control Mode ◽  
Variable Load ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Symmetrical Mode ◽  
Coupling Capacitor ◽  
Switched Mode Power Supply ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Asymmetrical Mode ◽  
Voltage Control Mode

Purpose With the advancement of technology, size, cost, and losses of the switched mode power supply (SMPS) have been decreasing. However, due to the high frequency switching, design of magnetic drives and isolation circuits are becoming a crucial factor in SMPS. This paper presents design criteria, procedure and implementation of AC-DC half bridge (HB) converter with lower cost, smaller size and lower voltage stress on the power switch. Design/Methodology/approach The HB converter is designed in a symmetrical mode with a series coupling capacitor. Isolated power supplies are used for the converter and control circuit. Further, a transformer based isolated gate driver is used to drive both MOSFETs. The control IC works in voltage control mode to regulate voltage by controlling the duty cycle of the MOSFETs. Findings Control characteristics and performance of the HB converter is simulated using the MATLAB software and prototype of 170 W HB converter is built to validate the analytical results under variable load current and source voltage. The power quality and variation of load voltage at 2 A, 5 A, 7 A are reported. Originality/value This paper presents the design of a low-cost HB converter in a symmetrical mode which saves the additional cost of symmetric correction circuit normally required in asymmetrical mode design. This paper also focuses on the selection of primary and secondary side switch, series coupling capacitor, commuting diode, isolated drive and charge equalizer resistor.

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