scholarly journals Assessment of Nerve Repair Augmented with Adipose-Derived Mast Cells in an Animal Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 9465
Author(s):  
Vlad Bloanca ◽  
Horia Haragus ◽  
Anca-Maria Campean ◽  
Andrei Cosma ◽  
Tiberiu Bratu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Mast Cell Tryptase ◽  
Luxol Fast Blue ◽  
Fast Blue ◽  
Complete Transection ◽  
Microscopic Field ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Cell Expression

We aimed to analyze the involvement of adipose-sourced mast cells in nerve repair. Sixteen Wistar rats underwent complete transection of the sciatic nerves followed by either direct neurorrhaphy or neurorrhaphy and processed abdominal fat. Four animals were used as controls. Specimens were obtained at 4 and 10 weeks and analyzed using luxol fast blue stain, mast cell tryptase and CD34 (for angiogenesis) per microscopic field ×200. When assessed by luxol fast blue, normal nerves showed an average of 2–3 mast cells/field. At 4 weeks, there were 9.25 for the simple nerve sutures and 16 for the augmented repairs. At 10 weeks, there were 23 and 27.6. When assessed by mast cell tryptase, there were no positives in the controls. At 4 weeks, we found an average of 4 in the simple sutures and 2.5 in the augmented repairs. At 10 weeks, there were 4.5 and 0.2. In controls, there were 1–2 CD34+ blood vessels per field. At 4 weeks, simple repairs showed an average of 4 and, in those with adipose addition, 5.5. At 10 weeks, there were 7 and 12. Mechanically processed adipose tissue augmented nerve repair does not seem to increase mast cell expression but may support angiogenesis in an experimental model.

Mastocytic Enterocolitis: Increased Mucosal Mast Cells in Chronic Intractable Diarrhea

2006 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shriram Jakate ◽  
Mark Demeo ◽  
Rohan John ◽  
Mary Tobin ◽  
Ali Keshavarzian
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
High Power ◽  
Chronic Diarrhea ◽  
Duodenal Biopsy ◽  
Mast Cell Tryptase ◽  
High Power Field ◽  
Intractable Diarrhea ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin

Abstract Context.—In some adult patients with chronic intractable diarrhea, the diagnosis remains elusive even after detailed evaluations, and colonic or duodenal biopsy specimens may appear unremarkable on routine hematoxylin-eosin staining. Objectives.—To assess the concentration of mast cells in colonic or duodenal biopsy specimens by immunohistochemical analysis for mast cell tryptase from patients with chronic intractable diarrhea and to evaluate their response to drugs affecting mast cell function. Design.—Mast cells per high-power field were assessed in biopsy specimens from 47 patients with chronic intractable diarrhea, from 50 control subjects, and from 63 patients with other specific diseases that cause chronic diarrhea (inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, collagenous colitis, and lymphocytic colitis). Patients with chronic intractable diarrhea who had more than 20 mast cells per high-power field were administered drugs affecting mast cell mediator function and release. Results.—The mean ± SD concentration of mast cells in the 50 control subjects was 13.3 ± 3.5 cells per high-power field; hence, patients with more than 20 mast cells per high-power field were considered to have increased mast cells. Thirty-three (70%) of 47 patients with chronic intractable diarrhea had increased mast cells, and symptoms were controlled by drug therapy in 22 (67%) of the 33 patients. No patient had systemic or cutaneous mastocytosis. No increase in mast cells was seen in patients with other common causes of chronic diarrhea. Conclusions.—In chronic intractable diarrhea, colonic or duodenal biopsy specimens may appear unremarkable on routine hematoxylin-eosin staining, but increased mast cells may be demonstrated by immunohistochemistry for mast cell tryptase, with the novel term mastocytic enterocolitis describing this condition. Similar increases in mast cells are not apparent in control populations or in patients with other specific diseases that cause chronic diarrhea. The cause of the increased mast cells remains to be elucidated.

scholarly journals Cloning of the cDNA encoding mast cell tryptase of Mongolian gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus, and its preferential expression in the intestinal mucosa

1995 ◽  
Vol 309 (3) ◽  
pp. 921-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Murakumo ◽  
H Ide ◽  
H Itoh ◽  
M Tomita ◽  
T Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Mast Cell ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Mongolian Gerbil ◽  
Meriones Unguiculatus ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Mast Cell Tryptase ◽  
Mucosal Mast Cells

By using the combination of reverse-transcription PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends methods, a cDNA encoding mast cell tryptase was successfully cloned from the small intestine of Mongolian gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus, infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. The cDNA was 1219 bp long including 810 bp of an open reading frame. Based on the deduced amino acid sequences of known mast cell tryptases of other species, the gerbil mast cell tryptase (gMCT) was highly similar to mouse mast cell protease (mMCP)-7, and seems to be translated as a prepro-enzyme with 25 amino acids of signal and activation peptides and 245 amino acids of mature enzyme. The gMCT mRNA was preferentially transcribed in the intestinal mucosa and to a far lesser extent in the connective tissue such as skin and tongue. Moreover, kinetic study after infection revealed that the amount of gMCT mRNA in the small intestine correlated well with the degree of intestinal mastocytosis. Throughout the course of infection, enzyme-histochemically detectable tryptase activity was limited to mucosal mast cells. Since mucosal mast cells of other rodents, including mice and rats, do not express tryptases, this is the first report of rodent mast cell tryptase expressed in the intestinal mucosa.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical analysis of the arterial supply and mast cells of the trigeminal ganglion

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-16
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Mircic ◽  
Aleksandar Malikovic ◽  
Bojan Stimec ◽  
Aleksandra Milosavljevic ◽  
Dejan Cetkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Trigeminal Ganglion ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Mast Cell Tryptase ◽  
Significant Statistical Difference ◽  
Migraine Pain ◽  
Mast Cell Density ◽  
Ganglionic Cell

The aim of this study was to quantify the distribution of microvessels and mast cells in all three parts of the trigeminal ganglion (TG). Statistical analyses were applied to investigate possible micromorphological regional differences in their density. Five serially sectioned human TGs were prepared for CD34 and mast cell tryptase immunostaining. The following quantifications were performed in microscopic fields of three parts of the TG: microvessel density (MVD), mast cell density (MCD) and ganglionic cell count. The density of CD34-positive microvessels was not significantly different in any of the three observed parts of the TG. The distribution of neurons showed no significant statistical difference in three parts of the TG. There was no difference in the density of tryptase-positive mast cells within the TG, but there was an abundant presence of mast cells in the periganglionic dural and subdural tissues, a finding hitherto not reported. We can say that there is a homogenous vascular pattern within the TG which excludes local predominance in pathogenesis of trigeminal neuralgia. Second, and more important, the finding of peri-trigeminal mast cells indicates their important role in migraine pain and confirms their degranulation as the main therapeutic goal for this condition.

scholarly journals Basophils preferentially express mouse mast cell protease 11 among the mast cell tryptase family in contrast to mast cells

2009 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 1417-1425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsukasa Ugajin ◽  
Toshiyuki Kojima ◽  
Kaori Mukai ◽  
Kazushige Obata ◽  
Yohei Kawano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Mast Cell Tryptase ◽  
Mast Cell Protease ◽  
Mouse Mast Cell

Roles of mast cell tryptase and chymase in airway function

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (2) ◽  
pp. L39-L46 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Caughey
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Submucosal Gland ◽  
Mast Cell Tryptase ◽  
The Past ◽  
Airway Function ◽  
Secretory Products

Mast cells are abundant and are widely distributed in airway tissues. They release their secretory products into microenvironments as diverse as epithelium, smooth muscle, and glands. The major secretory granule proteins of mast cells are proteases that are released outside of the cell with heparin, histamine, and other preformed mediators. In the past few years, investigations in a number of laboratories have rapidly increased our knowledge of the chemical and biological properties of the two major mast cell secretory proteases, tryptase and chymase. Recent experimental evidence suggests the possibility of biologically important roles for tryptase and chymase in the airways, particularly in the regulation of neuropeptide activity, bronchomotor tone, and submucosal gland secretion. The purpose of this commentary is to examine critically the evidence of participation of these mast cell proteases in molecular and physiological events in the airways.

scholarly journals Mast Cells and Histamine: Do They Influence Placental Vascular Network and Development in Preeclampsia?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Szewczyk ◽  
Michał Pyzlak ◽  
Jakub Klimkiewicz ◽  
Wacław Śmiertka ◽  
Magdalena Miedzińska-Maciejewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Vascular Network ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Network Development ◽  
Mast Cell Tryptase ◽  
Differential Distribution ◽  
Histamine Concentration ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Mast Cell Density

The physiological course of pregnancy is closely related to adequate development of the placenta. Shallow invasion of trophoblast as well as decreased development of the placental vascular network are both common features of preeclampsia. To better understand the proangiogenic features of mast cells, in this study we aim to identify the potential relationship between the distribution of mast cells within the placenta and vascular network development.Material and Methods. Placentas from preeclampsia-complicated pregnancies () and from physiological pregnancies () were acquired after cesarean section. The concentration of histamine was measured, and immunohistochemical staining for mast cell tryptase was performed. Morphometric analysis was then performed.Results. We noticed significant differences between the examined groups. Notably, in the preeclampsia group compared to the control group, we observed a higher mean histamine concentration, higher mast cell density (MCD), lower mean mast cell (MMCA) and lower vascular/extravascular (V/EVT) index. In physiological pregnancies, a positive correlation was observed between the histamine concentration and V/VEVT index as well as MCD and the V/VEVT index. In contrast, a negative correlation was observed between MMCA and the V/EVT index in physiological pregnancies.Conclusions. Based on the data from our study, we suggest that a differential distribution of mast cells and corresponding changes in the concentration of histamine are involved in the defective placental vascularization seen in preeclamptic placentas.

scholarly journals Systemic Mastocytosis Presenting with a Prominent B Lymphocyte Proliferation in the Bone Marrow and Extensive Fibrosis of the Spleen

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-171
Author(s):  
Nalan Neşe ◽  
Seçkin Çağcaron;ırgan ◽  
Yešim Ertan ◽  
Ayhan Sönmez ◽  
Saliha Soydan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
B Lymphocyte ◽  
Systemic Mastocytosis ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Mast Cell Tryptase ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma

Systemic mastocytosis is a disease characterized by multifocal mast cell proliferation in the bone marrow or other extracutaneous organs. Because of loosely scattered and hypo-/agranular mast cells, the diagnosis is sometimes very difficult. In the bone marrow, mast cell infiltration may be associated with prominent lymphoid infiltration leading to a misdiagnosis of a low grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma.A 49-year-old woman presented with right arm and leg pain, psychiatric symptoms, and diarrhea for four years. Physical examination and laboratory investigation revealed hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, mild thrombocytosis, mild leucocytosis and lymphocytosis. In the bone marrow biopsy, there was a prominent B lymphocyte proliferation reminiscent of a low grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma/leukemia and there were some spindle cells aggregates in paratrabecular location. The consecutive bone marrow biopsies were similar to the first. The subsequent splenectomy specimen exhibited striking fibrosis. In the lymph node sections, there was marginal zone hyperplasia.Multifocal accumulations of mast cells were strongly positive with mast cell tryptase and CD117 on immunohistochemical staining, though no metachromasia was identified in Giemsa and Toluidine Blue stained aspirates and tissue sections, probably due to hypo-/agranulation of mast cells.The case was presented to emphasize the importance of the antibody to mast cell tryptase in the diagnosis of mastocytosis and to discuss problems of differential diagnosis of systemic mastocytosis.

scholarly journals Mast cells and mast cell tryptase enhance migration of human lung fibroblasts through protease-activated receptor 2

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Bagher ◽  
Anna-Karin Larsson-Callerfelt ◽  
Oskar Rosmark ◽  
Oskar Hallgren ◽  
Leif Bjermer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Human Lung ◽  
Lung Fibroblasts ◽  
Mast Cell Tryptase ◽  
Human Lung Fibroblasts ◽  
Protease Activated Receptor 2

scholarly journals Mast Cell Tryptase and Implications for SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis

BioMed ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-149
Author(s):  
Negar Karimi ◽  
Solmaz Morovati ◽  
Lily Chan ◽  
Christina Napoleoni ◽  
Yeganeh Mehrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Serine Proteases ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Mast Cell Tryptase ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Entry Receptor

Mast cells (MCs) are heterogenous innate leukocytes producing many inflammatory mediators during viral infections that can be protective or damaging to the host, as is seen in the infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the pathogen responsible for the coronavirus disease that was first identified in 2019 (COVID-19). MCs can sense viruses by diverse mechanisms. They express angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), known as the principal entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2, and tryptase that can promote SARS-CoV-2 infection. Tryptase is one of the most abundant serine proteases released by MCs during degranulation and is reported to have both beneficial and detrimental roles in respiratory diseases. Reviewed here are the potential roles of MC-derived tryptase during COVID-19, the implications it has in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, and the possibility of treating COVID-19 by targeting tryptase.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document