Privacy-Preserving Solutions in Blockchain-Enabled Internet of Vehicles

Blockchain, a promising technology that has matured and nowadays is widely used in many fields, such as supply chain management, smart grids, agriculture and logistics, has also been proposed for the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) ecosystem to enhance the protection of the data that roadside units and vehicles exchange. Blockchain technology can inherently guarantee the availability, integrity and immutability of data stored in IoV, yet it cannot protect privacy and data confidentiality on its own. As such, solutions that utilise this technology have to consider the adoption of privacy-preserving schemes to address users’ privacy concerns. This paper provides a literature review of proposed solutions that provide different vehicular services using blockchain technology while preserving privacy. In this context, it analyses existing solutions’ main characteristics and properties to provide a comprehensive and critical overview and identifies their contribution in the field. Moreover, it provides suggestions to researchers for future work in the field of privacy-preserving blockchain-enabled solutions for vehicular networks.

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Use of blockchain technology in planning and management of transport systems

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202015704014 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 157 ◽

pp. 04014

Author(s):

Luba Eremina ◽

Anton Mamoiko ◽

Li Bingzhang

Keyword(s):

Transport Systems ◽

The Internet ◽

Intelligent Transport Systems ◽

Internet Of Vehicles ◽

Intelligent Transport ◽

Model Studies ◽

Blockchain Technology ◽

Management Application ◽

Private Car ◽

Transport Management

The paper presents the results of comparative studies of the transport management application blockchain technology. The accuracy of the use Quick Road System (QRS) in intelligent transport systems (ITS) may be the service of getting free passage is shown. This service is aimed at creation of decentralized network of road lane sharing in real time. Based on model studies it was found that, depending If a driver is in a hurry or wants to get priority in using the speed lane, then, having established a special status, he shares his place in the lane with other vehicles moving along the same route by exchanging incentives through the blockchain with other private car owners. The paper estimates the probability of with the development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, the number of connected devices in ITS is growing extremely fast. Therefore, the optimal use of large arrays of collected data is the main focus of research and the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is one of the most targeted branches of integration of the existing IoT technologies with the growing transport needs in order to solve the problem of intellectual traffic.

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Blockchain for the Internet of Vehicles: A Decentralized IoT Solution for Vehicles Communication Using Ethereum

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20143928 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (14) ◽

pp. 3928 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rateb Jabbar ◽

Mohamed Kharbeche ◽

Khalifa Al-Khalifa ◽

Moez Krichen ◽

Kamel Barkaoui

Keyword(s):

Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽

Secure Communication ◽

Data Exchange ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Transportation Systems ◽

Smart Devices ◽

The Internet ◽

Internet Of Vehicles ◽

Computing Platform ◽

Blockchain Technology

The concept of smart cities has become prominent in modern metropolises due to the emergence of embedded and connected smart devices, systems, and technologies. They have enabled the connection of every “thing” to the Internet. Therefore, in the upcoming era of the Internet of Things, the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) will play a crucial role in newly developed smart cities. The IoV has the potential to solve various traffic and road safety problems effectively in order to prevent fatal crashes. However, a particular challenge in the IoV, especially in Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications, is to ensure fast, secure transmission and accurate recording of the data. In order to overcome these challenges, this work is adapting Blockchain technology for real time application (RTA) to solve Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications problems. Therefore, the main novelty of this paper is to develop a Blockchain-based IoT system in order to establish secure communication and create an entirely decentralized cloud computing platform. Moreover, the authors qualitatively tested the performance and resilience of the proposed system against common security attacks. Computational tests showed that the proposed solution solved the main challenges of Vehicle-to-X (V2X) communications such as security, centralization, and lack of privacy. In addition, it guaranteed an easy data exchange between different actors of intelligent transportation systems.

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Trust management in social Internet of vehicles: Factors, challenges, blockchain, and fog solutions

International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks ◽

10.1177/1550147719825820 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 155014771982582 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Razi Iqbal ◽

Talal Ashraf Butt ◽

Muhammad Afzaal ◽

Khaled Salah

Keyword(s):

Internet Of Things ◽

Trust Management ◽

Vehicular Networks ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Fog Computing ◽

Trust Model ◽

The Internet ◽

Internet Of Vehicles ◽

Social Internet Of Things ◽

Trust Models

The Internet of things is the next stage in the evolution of the Internet that is being materialized with the integration of billions of smart objects. The state-of-the-art communication technologies have enabled the previously isolated devices to become an active part of the Internet. This constant connectivity opens new avenues for novel applications such as the realization of social Internet of things and its subdomain the social Internet of vehicles. Socializing requires sharing of information that entails trust, especially in an open and broad social environment. This article highlights the key factors involved in conceptualizing an efficient trust model for social Internet of vehicles. Furthermore, it focuses on the unique challenges involved in designing the trust models for social Internet of vehicles. Several trust models exist in literature; however, most of the existing trust models are specific to their domains, for example, Internet of things, social Internet of things, or general vehicular networks. This article presents a brief review of the trust models that have the potential to be implemented in Social Internet of vehicles. Finally, the authors present an overview of how trending concepts and emerging technologies like blockchain and fog computing can assist in developing a trust-based social Internet of vehicles model for high-efficiency, decentralized architecture and dynamic nature of vehicular networks.

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A survey: applications of blockchain in the Internet of Vehicles

EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking ◽

10.1186/s13638-021-01958-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chao Wang ◽

Xiaoman Cheng ◽

Jitong Li ◽

Yunhua He ◽

Ke Xiao

Keyword(s):

Peer To Peer ◽

Comprehensive Analysis ◽

Research Interest ◽

Future Research ◽

The Internet ◽

Research Directions ◽

Internet Of Vehicles ◽

Blockchain Technology ◽

The Future ◽

Future Research Directions

AbstractBlockchain technology has completely changed the area of cryptocurrency with a Peer-to-Peer system named Bitcoin. It can provide a distributed, transparent and highly confidential database by recording immutable transactions. Currently, the technique has obtained great research interest on other areas, including the Internet of vehicles (IoVs). In order to solve some centralized problems and improve the architecture of the IoVs, the blockchain technology is utilized to build a decentralized and secure vehicular environment. In this survey, we aim to construct a comprehensive analysis on the applications of blockchain in the IoV. This paper starts with the introduction of the IoVs and the blockchain. Additionally, some existing surveys on the blockchain enabled IoVs are reviewed. Besides, the combination of the blockchain technology and the IoVs is analyzed from seven aspects to describe how the blockchain is implemented in the IoVs. Finally, the future research directions related to the integration are highlighted.

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Using Blockchain Technology for the Internet Of Vehicles

2021 International Mobile, Intelligent, and Ubiquitous Computing Conference (MIUCC) ◽

10.1109/miucc52538.2021.9447622 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ahmed M. Eltahlawy ◽

Marianne A. Azer

Keyword(s):

The Internet ◽

Internet Of Vehicles ◽

Blockchain Technology

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A Blockchain-Based Efficient, Secure and Anonymous Conditional Privacy-Preserving and Authentication Scheme for the Internet of Vehicles

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app12010476 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 476

Author(s):

Kashif Naseer Qureshi ◽

Luqman Shahzad ◽

Abdelzahir Abdelmaboud ◽

Taiseer Abdalla Elfadil Eisa ◽

Bandar Alamri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Selection Process ◽

Data Communication ◽

Privacy Preserving ◽

Consensus Algorithm ◽

Security And Privacy ◽

The Internet ◽

Malicious Nodes ◽

Internet Of Vehicles ◽

Smart Vehicles ◽

Authentication Mechanism

The rapid advancement in the area of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has provided numerous comforts to users due to its capability to support vehicles with wireless data communication. The exchange of information among vehicle nodes is critical due to the rapid and changing topologies, high mobility of nodes, and unpredictable network conditions. Finding a single trusted entity to store and distribute messages among vehicle nodes is also a challenging task. IoV is exposed to various security and privacy threats such as hijacking and unauthorized location tracking of smart vehicles. Traceability is an increasingly important aspect of vehicular communication to detect and penalize malicious nodes. Moreover, achieving both privacy and traceability can also be a challenging task. To address these challenges, this paper presents a blockchain-based efficient, secure, and anonymous conditional privacy-preserving and authentication mechanism for IoV networks. This solution is based on blockchain to allow vehicle nodes with mechanisms to become anonymous and take control of their data during the data communication and voting process. The proposed secure scheme provides conditional privacy to the users and the vehicles. To ensure anonymity, traceability, and unlinkability of data sharing among vehicles, we utilize Hyperledger Fabric to establish the blockchain. The proposed scheme fulfills the requirement to analyze different algorithms and schemes which are adopted for blockchain technology for a decentralized, secure, efficient, private, and traceable system. The proposed scheme examines and evaluates different consensus algorithms used in the blockchain and anonymization techniques to preserve privacy. This study also proposes a reputation-based voting system for Hyperledger Fabric to ensure a secure and reliable leader selection process in its consensus algorithm. The proposed scheme is evaluated with the existing state-of-the-art schemes and achieves better results.

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A Survey of How to Use Blockchain to Secure Internet of Things and the Stalker Attack

Security and Communication Networks ◽

10.1155/2018/9675050 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

Emanuel Ferreira Jesus ◽

Vanessa R. L. Chicarino ◽

Célio V. N. de Albuquerque ◽

Antônio A. de A. Rocha

Keyword(s):

Internet Of Things ◽

Main Chain ◽

Security And Privacy ◽

The Internet ◽

Privacy Concerns ◽

Blockchain Technology ◽

Transaction Models ◽

Financial Domain ◽

Privacy Issues ◽

The Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) is increasingly a reality today. Nevertheless, some key challenges still need to be given particular attention so that IoT solutions further support the growing demand for connected devices and the services offered. Due to the potential relevance and sensitivity of services, IoT solutions should address the security and privacy concerns surrounding these devices and the data they collect, generate, and process. Recently, the Blockchain technology has gained much attention in IoT solutions. Its primary usage scenarios are in the financial domain, where Blockchain creates a promising applications world and can be leveraged to solve security and privacy issues. However, this emerging technology has a great potential in the most diverse technological areas and can significantly help achieve the Internet of Things view in different aspects, increasing the capacity of decentralization, facilitating interactions, enabling new transaction models, and allowing autonomous coordination of the devices. The paper goal is to provide the concepts about the structure and operation of Blockchain and, mainly, analyze how the use of this technology can be used to provide security and privacy in IoT. Finally, we present the stalker, which is a selfish miner variant that has the objective of preventing a node to publish its blocks on the main chain.

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