scholarly journals Wearable Sensory Apparatus for Real-Time Feedback in Wearable Robotics

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11487
Author(s):  
Marko Munih ◽  
Zoran Ivanić ◽  
Roman Kamnik
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Wireless Body Area Network ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wireless Data ◽  
Wearable Robots ◽  
Sensory Apparatus ◽  
Wireless Data Transmission ◽  
Master Device

We describe the Wearable Sensory Apparatus (WSA) System, which has been implemented and verified in accordance with the relevant standards. It comprises the Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), real-time wireless data transmission over Ultrawideband (UWB), a Master Unit and several IMU dongles forming the Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN). The WSA is designed for, but is not restricted to, wearable robots. The paper focuses on the topology of the communication network, the WSA hardware, and the organization of the WSA firmware. The experimental evaluation of the WSA incorporates the confirmation of the timing using the supply current WSA profile, measurements related to determining the less error prone position of the master device on the backpack, measurements of the quality of the data transfer in a real environment scenario, measurements in the presence of other microwave signals, and an example of raw IMU signals during human walking. Placement of the master device on the top of the backpack was found to be less error prone, with less than 0.02% packet loss for all the IMU devices placed on different body segments. The packet loss did not change significantly in public buildings or on the street. There was no impact of Wi-Fi bands on the WSA data transfer. The WSA hardware and firmware passed conformance testing in a certified lab. Most importantly, the WSA performed reliably in the laboratory and in clinical tests with exoskeletons and prostheses.

scholarly journals Mitigation of packet loss with end-to-end delay in wireless body area network applications

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 460
Author(s):  
Suha Sahib Oleiwi ◽  
Ghassan N. Mohammed ◽  
Israa Al_Barazanchi
Keyword(s):  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Wireless Body Area Network ◽  
Body Area Network ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Cooperative Routing ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End

The wireless body area network (WBAN) has been proposed to offer a solution to the problem of population ageing, shortage in medical facilities and different chronic diseases. The development of this technology has been further fueled by the demand for real-time application for monitoring these cases in networks. The integrity of communication is constrained by the loss of packets during communication affecting the reliability of WBAN. Mitigating the loss of packets and ensuring the performance of the network is a challenging task that has sparked numerous studies over the years. The WBAN technology as a problem of reducing network lifetime; thus, in this paper, we utilize cooperative routing protocol (CRP) to improve package delivery via end-to-end latency and increase the length of the network lifetime. The end-to-end latency was used as a metric to determine the significance of CRP in WBAN routing protocols. The CRP increased the rate of transmission of packets to the sink and mitigate packet loss. The proposed solution has shown that the end-to-end delay in the WBAN is considerably reduced by applying the cooperative routing protocol. The CRP technique attained a delivery ratio of 0.8176 compared to 0.8118 when transmitting packets in WBAN.

Evaluating The Performance for DCF Protocol and EDCA Protocol

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abu-Khadrah ◽  
Zahriladha Zakaria ◽  
Mohdazlishah Othman
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Distributed Coordination ◽  
Data Types ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Qos Parameters ◽  
End To End ◽  
Coordination Function

Nowadays supporting quality of service (QOS) for real time application is the main challenge of the wireless area network. 802.11standards use distributed Coordination Function (DCF) protocol and Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) protocol in the MAC layer. DCF protocol has only one queue for different data types, it deals with data depending on the arriving time. There is no priority to serve real time applications faster. However EDCA protocol has four queues and each queue works with specific data type. Voice, video, best effort and background are the different queues in the EDCA protocol. Different parameters and priorities are defined for each queue. The voice queue reserves the highest priority and serves its data first. In this paper QOS parameters are measured for both DCF and EDCA protocol by using OPNET simulation. The QOS parameters must reach the requirements to support QOS. The results show how QOS parameters do not reach the requirements when using DCF protocol. The values of the end to end delay and the packet loss percentage are 0.514second, 19.04% respectively. But, when using EDCA protocol the end to end delay becomes 0.0624 second and the percentage of the packet loss decreases until reach 0.00617%. So the QOS parameters achieve requirements with EDCA protocol and support QOS.

Tunable Low Power UWB Transmitter for WBAN Application

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (03) ◽  
pp. 1550040 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Vinod Kumar ◽  
M. Meenakshi
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Delay Line ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wireless Body Area Network ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Coverage Area

This paper presents the design and simulation results for a Federal Communication Committee (FCC) complaint current starved delay line based Ultra Wide Band (UWB) Gaussian pulse transmitter, which is designed for operating in the 3.1–10.6 GHz range. The wavelet is a mono cycle Gaussian impulse wave, which is practically well suited for low cost, low power, low data rate wireless data transfer such as in wireless body area network (WBAN) applications. The transmitter operating frequency and bandwidth (BW) is controlled using a dc voltage provided at the input stage of a voltage controlled delay line (VCDL) and this aspect can be exploited for increasing the communication coverage area without compromising on the power consumption. A Gaussian wave shaping is performed for FCC compliance and the simulation has been carried out with 130 nm technology. The simulation of our design suggests an average dynamic power consumption of 1.11 mw for an energy efficiency of 14.2 pJ/pulse. The proposed IR-UWB transmitter design though a bit inferior in terms of the power efficiency, can claim superior performance with respect to tuning the BW, which is very relevant in a cognitive wireless networking scenario with other interfering signals.

scholarly journals Rancang Bangun Sistem Monitoring Data Sebaran Covid-19 Secara Real-Time menggunakan Arduino Berbasis Internet of Things (IoT)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Agus Herlan ◽  
Iskandar Fitri ◽  
Rini Nuraini
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Information Distribution ◽  
Wireless Data ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Wireless Data Transmission ◽  
New Type ◽  
Information Media

Covid-19 is a new type of disease caused by a virus from the coronavirus class. Covid-19 spreads between humans very quickly and spreads to several countries including Indonesia, in just a few months. In this digital era, the role of media including IoT technology itself is very important for the development of information distribution in a fast, precise, and real-time manner and is able to cut existing distance boundaries. In this study, a wireless data monitoring system for the distribution of Covid-19 was created. This system uses a data parsing method that utilizes the Thingspeak application, to process data using the Arduino IDE and utilizing the ESP8266 as a wireless data transmission medium. The processed data is then displayed on an OLED layer.Keywords:Covid-19, Information, Media, IoT, Digital.

A NOVEL WATER–SLUDGE INTERFACE DATA TRANSFER SYSTEM APPLYING ZIGBEE WIRELESS NETWORK

2006 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
JINSHENG SUN ◽  
NING WANG ◽  
LIPING LIU
Keyword(s):  
Data Transfer ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Technical Characteristic ◽  
Wireless Data ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Transfer Mode ◽  
Wireless Data Transmission ◽  
Zigbee Protocol ◽  
Communication Flow

This paper points out the disadvantages of a formerly proposed data transfer mode used in the monitoring system of WTP. A data transmit solution which uses ZigBee wireless communication standard is proposed, and the technical characteristic of ZigBee technology is introduced. The hardware structure and software design are presented. The paper emphasizes on the realization of ZigBee protocol and data communication flow. The experimental results show that ZigBee is suitable for the wireless data transmission in the WTP. The reliable transmission of data to the control center of WTP has been realized in some in situ applications.

scholarly journals QoS Analysis Of Kinematic Effects For Bluetooth HC-05 And NRF24L01 Communication Modules On WBAN System

2019 ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahar Faiqurahman ◽  
Diyan Anggraini Novitasari ◽  
Zamah Sari
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Wireless Body Area Network ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Gateway Node ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Impact

Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) consists of a number of sensor nodes that are attached to the human body, and intended for monitor the human body condition. The WBAN system has several wireless communication modules that are used for sending or exchanging data between sensor nodes and gateway nodes or gateway nodes. There are some factors that are used to decide which communication modules should be implemented on WBAN system, including communication efficiency, distance range, power consumption, and the effect of mobility on QoS. In this study, we analyze the impact of the kinematic movement of sensor nodes on QoS parameter of HC-05 Bluetooth and NRF25L01 communication modules, during sending and receiving process among nodes. We assume that the sensor node and gateway node are attached on the limbs to catch the movement. We use Quality of Service (QoS) parameters such as delay, jitter, and packet loss, to analyze the impact of movement on communication modules. Based on the experimental result, it was found that the average value of delay and jitter for booth communication modules was slightly influenced by the speed of the sensor node movement. During the sensor node movement and data transmission, we found that the NRF24L01 module have a lower delay and jitter value than Bluetooth HC-05 module. The percentage of packet loss tends to be stable at 0% value, even though the speed value becomes higher.

scholarly journals Real-Time Continuous Acoustic Monitoring of Marine Mammals in the Mediterranean Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1389
Author(s):  
Matteo Sanguineti ◽  
Carlo Guidi ◽  
Vladimir Kulikovskiy ◽  
Mauro Gino Taiuti
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Acoustic Monitoring ◽  
Wireless Data ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Neutrino Telescopes ◽  
Acoustic Detector ◽  
Wireless Data Transmission ◽  
Passive Acoustic

The passive acoustic monitoring of cetaceans is a research method that can provide unique information on the animal’s behaviour since the animals can be studied at great depths and at a long-range without interference. Nevertheless, the real-time data collection, transfer, and analysis using these techniques are difficult to implement and maintain. In this paper, a review of several experiments that have used this approach will be provided. The first class of detectors consists of hydrophone systems housed under buoys on the sea surface with wireless data transmission, while the second type comprises several acoustic detector networks integrated within submarine neutrino telescopes cabled to the shore.

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