scholarly journals Influence of Metal Gear Tooth Geometry on Load and Wear within Metal-Polymer Gear Pairs

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Andreas Rohrmoser ◽  
Christoph Bode ◽  
Benjamin Schleich ◽  
Hinnerk Hagenah ◽  
Sandro Wartzack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Local Load ◽  
Cold Forging ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Tooth Flank ◽  
Efficient Manufacturing ◽  
Metal Polymer

Gear pairs made of the material pairing metal-polymer provide advantages, such as a reduced weight, beneficial damping properties and the possibility to be operated in dry running conditions. However, the service life of the pairing is limited due to wear. The properties of the metallic gearing have a significant influence on the wear behavior of the material pairing. From previous investigations, the influence of the surface topography and the flank hardness of the metal pinion is known. With regard to resource saving and efficient manufacturing of the metal pinion, cold forging offers benefits. Through cold forging, metallic gears for the material pairing can be produced ready-to-use in a process suitable for serial production. In order to enable manufacturing by extrusion, the application of gear radii is necessary. The gear radii significantly affect the extrusion process and the achievable gear properties. However, the influence of gear radii on wear within the metal-polymer material pairing has not yet been investigated. Within this contribution, the influence of the gear radii on the contact behavior as well as the resulting local load and wear of the tooth flank is determined. For this purpose, wear tests with aluminum (AlMgSi1) and steel (16MnCr5) gears with different gear radii within the pairing with polyamide (PA66) gears were performed. It has been shown that the local wear of the tooth flank can be attributed to the local load and that adjusted gear radii lead to a varying load and wear of the metal and polymer gears. Based on the findings, functional relationships regarding the choice of gear radii and the wear behavior are derived which can be applied in the design of cold forged gears.

Surface fitting of an involute spur gear tooth flank roughness measurement to its nominal shape

Measurement ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 479-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Brandão ◽  
Jorge H.O. Seabra ◽  
Manuel J.D. Castro
Keyword(s):  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Spur Gear ◽  
Surface Fitting ◽  
Roughness Measurement ◽  
Tooth Flank

Generation of the Anti-Twist Crowned Helical Gear by Modifying the Gear Rotation Angle in the Hobbing Process

2017 ◽  
Vol 749 ◽  
pp. 161-170
Author(s):  
Ruei Hung Hsu ◽  
Yu Ren Wu ◽  
Shih Sheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Rotation Angle ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Helical Gear ◽  
Gear Hobbing ◽  
Tooth Flank ◽  
Center Distance

In the gear-hobbing process, the work gear tooth flank is usually longitudinally crowned by varying the center distance between the hob and the work gear. Without crossed angle compensation, however, this center distance variation produces a twisted tooth flank on the work gear. This paper therefore proposes a methodology to reduce this tooth flank twist and achieve anti-twist in longitudinal crowning by modifying the gear rotation angle in the hobbing process which is practiced using a CNC hobbing machine with three synchronous axes.

A parameterized numerical method for generating discrete helical gear tooth surface allowing non-standard geometry

2008 ◽  
Vol 222 (6) ◽  
pp. 1033-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Hedlund ◽  
A Lehtovaara
Keyword(s):  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Helical Gear ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Tool Profile ◽  
Standard Geometry ◽  
Gear Manufacturing ◽  
Involute Gears ◽  
Gear Geometry ◽  
Tooth Flank

Gear analysis is typically performed using calculation based on gear standards. Standards provide a good basis in gear geometry calculation for involute gears, but these are unsatisfactory for handling geometry deviations such as tooth flank modifications. The efficient utilization of finite-element calculation also requires the geometry generation to be parameterized. A parameterized numerical approach was developed to create discrete helical gear geometry and contact line by simulating the gear manufacturing, i.e. the hobbing process. This method is based on coordinate transformations and a wide set of numerical calculation points and their synchronization, which permits deviations from common involute geometry. As an example, the model is applied to protuberance tool profile and grinding with tip relief. A fairly low number of calculation points are needed to create tooth flank profiles where error is <1 μm.

Fließpressen hohler Wellen mit Wanddickenvariation/Cold forging of hollow shafts with wall thickness variation – Numerical investigation of a hollow forward extrusion process with adjustable deformation zone

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (10) ◽  
pp. 684-688
Author(s):  
Alexander Weiß ◽  
Mathias Liewald
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Investigation ◽  
Metal Forming ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Cold Forging ◽  
Thickness Variation ◽  
Part Geometry ◽  
Forming Technology ◽  
Wall Thickness Variation ◽  
The University ◽  
Hollow Shafts

Die Fertigung von Hohlwellen mit komplexer Innengeometrie bedingte bisher meist aufwendige Prozessrouten. Ein am Institut für Umformtechnik der Universität Stuttgart entwickeltes Kaltfließpressverfahren soll nun die wirtschaftliche und flexible Fertigung von Hohlwellen mit Wanddickenvariation ermöglichen. In diesem Beitrag werden das Verfahren beschrieben und die Ergebnisse der numerischen Untersuchung des Einflusses der Werkzeugkinematik auf die erzielbare Pressteilgeometrie dargelegt. &nbsp; Usually, the production of hollow shafts with complex internal geometry by cold forging requires extensive process routes. A novel cold forging process developed at the Institute for Metal Forming Technology at the University of Stuttgart allows for an economical and flexible production of hollow shafts. This article describes the manufacturing process and presents the results of a numerical investigation for determining the influence of tool kinematics on the achievable part geometry.

Advanced Design and Manufacture of Face-Hobbed Spiral Bevel Gears

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Mutual Position ◽  
Spiral Bevel Gears ◽  
Bevel Gears ◽  
Pinion Gear ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Spiral Bevel ◽  
Tooth Flank ◽  
Crown Gear

The design and advanced manufacture of face-hobbed spiral bevel gears on computer numerical control (CNC) hypoid generating machines is presented. The concept of face-hobbed bevel gear generation by an imaginary generating crown gear is established. In order to reduce the sensitivity of the gear pair to errors in tooth-surfaces and to the mutual position of the mating members, modifications are introduced into the teeth of both members. The lengthwise crowning of teeth is achieved by applying a slightly bigger lengthwise tooth flank curvature of the crown gear generating the concave side of pinion/gear tooth-surfaces, and/or by using tilt angle of the head-cutter in the manufacture of pinion/gear teeth. The tooth profile modification is introduced by the circular profile of the cutting edge of head-cutter blades. An algorithm is developed for the execution of motions on the CNC hypoid generating machine using the relations on the cradle-type machine. The algorithm is based on the condition that since the tool is a rotary surface and the pinion/gear blank is also related to a rotary surface, it is necessary to ensure the same relative position of the head cutter and the pinion on both machines.

Influence of Housing Stiffness of the Slewing Reducer of a Tower Crane on the Load Distribution Pattern over the Gear Tooth Flank

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2171-2181
Author(s):  
Young-Jun Park ◽  
Seung-Je Cho ◽  
Woo-Jin Chung ◽  
Jooseon Oh ◽  
Sang-Dae Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Load Distribution ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Tower Crane ◽  
Tooth Flank

Geometric Calculations of the Chamfered Tip and the Protuberance Undercut of a Tooth Profile

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milos Nemcek ◽  
Zdenek Dejl
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Tooth Profile ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Car Industry ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Tooth Flank ◽  
Computing Method ◽  
Circle Diameter

Nowadays special modified tools are mostly used for rough or semi-finishing milling in the mass production of ground or shaved gears today. These modifications ensure the desired chamfer at the head or the undercut at the bottom of the gear tooth. Diameters of the beginning and the end of the operational involute (exact knowledge of them is necessary for the calculation of important meshing parameters) are found by using several techniques. The first one is the simulation of the generating action of a hob tooth using suitable graphic software with the subsequent measuring of these diameters from the envelope of hob tooth positions which was created. The second one is measuring directly on the gear manufactured using a measuring device. These simulations or measuring are often not performed and the tool with recommended parameters of the protuberance or the ramp is simply chosen by an educated guess [1]. But it is not an acceptable technique in a mass production (car industry). Standard DIN 3960 [2] gives a certain manual for the determination of these diameters. It suggests the iterative method for the calculation of the chamfer beginning circle diameter but without a reliable guideline. And as regards the protuberance, it refers to the correct calculation only in theory. This paper deals with the computing method to determine diameters of the beginning and the end of the function part of a tooth flank involute. It is designed for a specified tool with modifications for creating the chamfer or the protuberance undercut. The paper also takes into account the necessary shaving (grinding) stock or the backlash. Furthermore it refers to possible problems when the basic profile of the generating tool with the protuberance is designed from the basic rack tooth profile.

Tooth Contact Analysis of Longitudinal Cycloidal-Crowned Helical Gears With Circular Arc Teeth

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Shiang Wang ◽  
Zhang-Hua Fong
Keyword(s):  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Helical Gear ◽  
Contact Analysis ◽  
Tooth Contact Analysis ◽  
Tooth Contact ◽  
Circular Arc ◽  
Tooth Flank ◽  
Assembly Error

This paper proposes a new type of double-crowned helical gear that can be continuously cut on a modern Cartesian-type hypoid generator with two face-hobbing head cutters and circular-arc cutter blades. The gear tooth flank is double crowned with a cycloidal curve in the longitudinal direction and a circular arc in the profile direction. To gauge the sensitivity of the transmission errors and contact patterns resulting from various assembly errors, this paper applies a tooth contact analysis technique and presents several numerical examples that show the benefit of the proposed double-crowned helical gear set. In contrast to a conventional helical involute gear, the tooth bearing and transmission error of the proposed gear set are both controllable and insensitive to gear-set assembly error.

scholarly journals УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ПРОЕКТУВАННЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНОГО ПРОЦЕСУ ТОЧНОГО ОБ’ЄМНОГО ШТАМПУВАННЯ ВИДАВЛЮВАННЯМ НА ОСНОВІ РОЗВИТКУ ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНОГО МЕТОДУ БАЛАНСУ ПОТУЖНОСТЕЙ

2021 ◽  
Vol 152 (6) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Н. С. Грудкіна ◽  
М. М. Кузнецов ◽  
В. В. Пашинський
Keyword(s):  
Energy Method ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Complex Configuration ◽  
Cold Forging ◽  
Power Balance ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Technology Design ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Forging Process ◽  
Power Mode

Improvement of technology design in precision forging process based on development of energy method with power balance and development of recommendation with the rational use of systematized based on kinematic modules in complex configuration to make calculated schemes for power mode assessments and shaping of part in cold forging extrusion process with subsequent software implementation are considered. Methodology. Energy method of power balance is considered based on kinematic module method that will  be  systematized  the  results  of  investigation  for  expanding  in  cold  forging  extrusion  process  with  the definition of the power mode in deformation and features of semi-finished product shaping to make hollow and rod parts with flange such as sleeves and glasses. Results.  Development  results  of  recommendation  with  the  rational  use  of  systematized  based  on kinematic modules in complex configuration to make calculated schemes including with the ability to quickly take into account changes in the configuration of the tool have been determined. This made it possible to define the  several  factors  for  controlling  the  shaping  of  the  semi-finished  product  in  combined  and  sequential combined cold forging extrusion processes. Scientific novelty. Energy method of power balance is considered such as an effective method of preliminary analysis to determine the area of rational use in cold forging process based on process technology design to make complex parts. Practical  significance.  Software  product  development  with  extended  systematization  based  on kinematic modules, complex of calculation models in cold forging extrusion with power mode assessments and to  predict  shaping  of  part  and  defect  formation  such  as  dimple  defect  will  contribute  more  active implementation in the manufacturing industry for combined cold forging extrusion processes.

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