scholarly journals The Effect of Polarized Training on the Athletic Performance of Male and Female Cross-Country Skiers during the General Preparation Period

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 851
Author(s):  
Tae Ho Kim ◽  
Joung Kyue Han ◽  
Ji Young Lee ◽  
Yong Chul Choi
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Exercise Time ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Function ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Preparation Period ◽  
Cross Country

This study aimed to analyze the effect of 12 weeks of polarized training on body composition, cardiorespiratory function, and upper-body power of male and female cross-country skiers during the general preparation period. A total of 16 national cross-country skiers (8 male and 8 female; 8 national cross-country skiers and 8 national biathlon athletes) participated. Polarization training was conducted for 12 weeks from May to July in 2019 during the general preparation period for cross-country skiers. The low-weight, high-repetition method was used for strength training. The effect of the polarized training on body composition, maximum oxygen intake (VO2max), respiratory exchange rate, all-out time, and ski ergometer exercise time was assessed. There was no change in weight, BMI, and muscle mass in male and female cross-country skiers following the 12 weeks of polarized training (p > 0.05). Male body fat percentage (pre 18.1%, post 12.7%) and female body fat percentage (pre 29.1%, post 21.4%) showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05). After training, VO2max increased by 7.72% in male athletes (pre 71.05 mL/kg/min, post 77.0 mL/kg/min) and 6.32% in female athletes (pre 60.26 mL/kg/min, post 64.33 mL/kg/min). Treadmill exercise time increased by 5.39% for male athletes (pre 1038 s, post 1064 s) and 2.23% for female athletes (pre 855 s, post 874 s). However, there was no significant difference between male and female athletes (p > 0.05). The 50% recovery time from the maximum heart rate to the target heart rate decreased by 64.52% in males (pre 168.8 s, post 102.6 s) and 6.48% in females (pre 135 s, post 129.6 s). Significant differences were found only in male athletes (p < 0.05). The double-pole 500 m exercise duration for the ski ergometer significantly decreased after the training for both sexes (p < 0.05). In this study, the 12 weeks of polarized training improved the body composition and athletic performance of all cross-country skiers. Interestingly, in this study, we confirmed that polarized training had a better effect on cardiorespiratory function in male cross-country skiers than in female cross-country skiers. Conversely, we found that the outcomes of the ski ergometer exercise factors were more effective in female athletes than in male athletes. Therefore, we insist that when applying a polarized training program to athletes, it should be planned in detail by sex, exercise amount, intensity, and type of training.

scholarly journals Composição corporal e desempenho motor no handebol em cadeira de rodas

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane Borges ◽  
Anselmo Athayde Costa e Silva ◽  
Fernando Rosch de Faria ◽  
Priscila Samora Godoy ◽  
Ellen Rodrigues Barbosa Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Functional Class ◽  
Composition Profile ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Male Athletes

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2017v19n2p204 The aim of this study was to verify the relationship between body composition and motor performance in Wheelchair Handball players (WH). Overall, 21 athletes composed the sample (13 males and 8 females). To analyze motor performance, the following tests were used: ball driving, block performance, 20 m velocity and zigzag agility for individuals on wheelchair. Body mass, height, body perimeter and skinfold thickness (tricipital, subescapular, bicipital and supra-iliac) were used to establish body composition profile. Data was presented through descriptive statistics and inference was performed by Spearmans’ and Kruskal-Wallis correlation coefficient (non-parametric). Therefore, strong and significant correlations between body composition and motor performance were detected within different functional class and also according to sex, whereas male athletes showed significant correlation between body fat percentage and agility (r=0.70, p≤0.01) and, in the case of female athletes, body fat percentage is strongly related with speed (r=0.81, p≤0.01) and agility (r=0.74, p≤0.05). As conclusion, it was verified that apparently, increased body fat in body composition profile negatively influences motor performance in wheelchair handball players.

scholarly journals Long-Term Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke Among Cross-Country Skiers: Cohort Study of Endurance-Trained Male and Female Athletes

Circulation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niclas Svedberg ◽  
Johan Sundström ◽  
Stefan James ◽  
Ulf Hållmarker ◽  
Kristina Hambraeus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cross Country

Collegiate Athletes’ Gendered Perceptions of a Hypothetical Male and Female Coach

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-55
Author(s):  
Lori Rittenhouse-Wollmuth ◽  
Cindra S. Kamphoff ◽  
Jon Lim
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Head Coach ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Head ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Female Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Female Coaches

Historically, the world of sport is considered a masculine domain characterized by power, aggression, and physical contact (Hall, 1996). The exclusionary elements of the male culture of sport have created gender inequities in participation (Birrell & Theberge, 1994), and a gendered perception of male and female coaches (Frankl & Babitt, 1998; Weinberg, Reveles, & Jackson, 1984). The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of male and female collegiate athletes of a hypothetical male and female coach, and to determine if female coaches are more accepted compared to Weinberg et al.’s study investigating male and female athletes’ perceptions of a hypothetical coach. The Attitudinal Questionnaire (Weinberg, Reveles, & Jackson, 1984) was utilized to determine athletes’ attitudes about a hypothetical coach. A 2 × 2 MANOVA indicated a significant interaction between the gender of a hypothetical head coach and the gender of an athlete, and a significant main effect for gender. Univariate ANOVA results indicate that males and females differed in their attitudes and perceptions of both a hypothetical male and female head coach. The female athletes, compared to male athletes, were more likely to be accepting of coaches regardless of the coaches’ gender. Furthermore, male athletes were less accepting of female coaches. In addition, when comparing the means of the current study to Weinberg et al.’s (1984) study, results indicate that female coaches were not more accepted than in 1984.

scholarly journals OR-027 Research about Training Monitoring during Different training periods in Chinese Elite Swimmers

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junqiang Qiu ◽  
Mingxing Li ◽  
Longyan Yi ◽  
Zhaoran Hou ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Function ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Elite Swimmers ◽  
Load Monitoring ◽  
Preparation Period

Objective Training monitoring has become an integral component of total athlete training. Systematically monitoring the physiological and biochemical variables related to performance helps coaches and athletes to measure the effectiveness of their training programs and decide how to revise or update those programs, especially in swimming training. The key purpose of this study is to evaluate the physical function characteristics during preparation season and stress response during competition training sessions in 2017, and provides the helpful data for scientific training for the implementation of the preparation process. Methods During the preparation period, the National Swimming Team athletes were planed to screen and test the physical function characteristics. There are 39 male athletes and 37 female athletes to participate in the study. Body composition was assessed with dual energy X-ray (DXA). Anthropometric characteristics were assessed using Anthroscan 3D VITUS body scanner, and pulmonary function test using CHEST portable lung function meter(HI-101). During the competition period, the training load monitoring targets were 2 elite players who participated in XVII World Aquatics Championship in Budapest-2017 and the National Games 2017. The monitoring methods mainly included: blood tests (including Hb, CK, BU, testosterone, cortisol and ferritin etc.) were used to monitor the athlete's fitness functional status, and the Z-score method was used to express the index changes of two athletes; blood lactate was used to monitor the training load of athletes, and urine indexes were used to monitor body fluid balance and fatigue. Results 1. During the preparation period, the weight of male athletes is 78.4±8.2kg, the percentage of body fat is 15.9±2.8%, the weight of female athletes is 64.8±6.6kg, and the percentage of body fat is 24.2±3.5%. The vital capacity(VC) was 6.65±0.87 L for males and 4.86±0.69 L for females, the value of forced vital capacity(FVC) was 4.29±1.33 L for males and 3.43±0.96 L for females, and the mean value of ventilation per minute was 148.1±23.12 L for males and 110.4 ± 19.67 L for females. 2. During the competition preparation period, Z score was used to express the blood indicators of two athletes, before the XVII World Aquatics Championship in Budapest-2017, the Z score of Hb, T, T/C ratio and ferritin were (-0.5, 0, -0.4, 1.1) and (-0.8, -0.1, -1.0, 0), respectively. Before the competition of the National Games, the Z scores were (1.0, 0.3, 0.7, 0.6) and (1.4, 1.0, 0.1, -0.6) respectively. 3. Training load monitoring was carried out using the blood lactate control test, as the training load increased, the athletes' performance improved and the lactate level increased slightly. 4. The urine indicator test is used to observe the athlete's dehydration and recovery. On the second morning after the intensive training day, both athletes were negative for urine protein and with normal urine specific gravity. Conclusions 1. The screen and tests about the physical function characteristics of swimming athletes during preparation period is useful to develop a personalized training plan; 2. Z-score is easy and feasible for the elite swimmers to monitoring physical fitness capabilities, and higher Z-score is related with better athletic performance; 3. Blood lactate control test can be used for the training intensity monitoring of swimmers, athletes show higher levels of lactic acid metabolism and higher athletic performance before the competition.

Olympic Athletes and Heroism in Advertising: Gendered Concepts of Valor?

2002 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Robyn Goodman ◽  
Lisa L. Duke ◽  
John Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Olympic Athletes ◽  
Television Advertisements

This analysis of television advertisements aired during NBC's telecast of the 2000 NBC Summer Olympics examined advertisers' use of Jungian-based concepts of heroism and gendered concepts of heroism. Using traditional archetypes of heroes—the Innocent, Orphan, Martyr, Wanderer, Warrior, and Magician—the study analyzed commercials featuring Olympic athletes. Findings were that male and female athletes were equally portrayed as Warriors. However, male athletes were more likely to be portrayed as preparing for and doing battle successfully while female athletes were more likely to be celebrated for their athletic skills and achievements.

scholarly journals Somatotype of male and female judokas according to weight categories

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Roberto Roklicer ◽  
Dragan Atanasov ◽  
Filip Sadri ◽  
Dzenan Jahic ◽  
Danilo Bojanic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
National Level ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
The Body ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Method Analysis

SummaryStudy aim: The body structure can play a determining role in the achievement of top judo performance, and it seems to influence the type of techniques applied. The aim of this study is to determine the somatotypes in male and female national level judokas across weight categories in order to observe possible differences among athletes.Material and methods: A total of 61 male judokas (23.2 ± 2.7 years old) and 37 female judokas (22.3 ± 3.3 years old) participated in this study. Anthropometric variables were used to calculate somatotypes. Somatotypes were determined according to the Heath-Carter method. Analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test were used to determine differences between weight categories and obtained effect sizes (η2) were presented as well.Results: Somatotype differences among weight categories in male and female judokas were observed. Generally, all categories could be classified in three somatotypes in male and female athletes.Conclusions: The lightest categories were recognized as mesomorphic ectomorphs in females with an exception in the –48 kg category, and ectomorphic mesomorphs in male athletes. The middle ones had the endomorphic mesomorph somatotype and the heaviest athletes presented somewhat more extreme cases of endomorphic mesomorphs, both in male and female judokas. According to the results obtained, judokas have a specific body composition in different weight categories. Therefore, coaches could create a specific training programme for athletes who belong to different somatotypes.

scholarly journals Psychological Characteristics of Athletes at Student’s Education and Training Center in Bengkulu

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
Yahya Eko Nopiyanto ◽  
Septian Raibowo ◽  
Gilang Ugo Prabowo
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Weight Lifting ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Training Center ◽  
Psychological Skills ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Student Training ◽  
Data Collection Technique

The study of athletes’ psychological characteristics in the education and students training center (PLPP) Bengkulu needs to be conducted as an effort to fix athletes’ training and achievement in PLPP Bengkulu. The purpose of this study was to determine the psychological difference between male and female athletes in the education and student training center (PPLP) of Bengkulu. Type of this research was quantitative with a comparative design. The subjects in this research were 26 athletes, namely 6 athletic athletes, 4 weight lifting athletes, 8 wrestling athletes, 4 karate athletes, and 4 boxing athletes. The data collection technique was conducted with the psychological skills inventory for sports that adopted from Mahoney, Gabriel & Perkins, (1987). Validity of the instrument is 0,21–0,35 and the reliability is 0,890. Data were analyzed using t-test with a significant level of 0.05. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be seen that male athletes have a mean of 133.52 while female athletes have a mean value of 142.72 and significant value 0f 0,60>0.05.  From results of this research, it was concluded that there were no difference in the psychological characteristics between male and female athletes in the education and students training center (PPLP) of Bengkulu. For the next researcher is expected to able using more samples and adding other research variables such as training of psychological skill and athletes personalities.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Athletic and Academic Cultures on a University Campus

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-124
Author(s):  
Kenneth Sellers ◽  
George B. Yancey ◽  
Kelsey C. Kowalski
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Academic Department ◽  
Academic Departments ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Market Culture ◽  
Academic Cultures ◽  
Clan Culture ◽  
Sports Team

Abstract: In order to explore the differences between a student’s academic life and a scholar-athlete’s sports life, we investigated the organizational cultures of a university’s academic departments and sports teams by surveying 259 students and 230 student-athletes. We found the academic cultures to be more clannish (family oriented) and the sports cultures more market (performance and results) driven. For the female athletes, we found a negative relationship between clan culture and satisfaction with their sports team, while for everyone else (male and female students and male athletes) clan culture was positively related to satisfaction with academic department or sports team. Relatedly, for the female athletes, the relationship between market culture and satisfaction with their sports team was positive, while for everyone else (male and female students and male athletes) market culture was negatively related to satisfaction with academic department or sports team. This suggests that there are important differences between the experiences of male and female student-athletes. We also found the participants in the business school to be less clannish than those in the other schools and colleges. We discuss the practical implications of these results for coaches of male and female athletes and for campus leaders of academic departments.  

KORELASI AKTIFITAS FISIK DAN KOMPOSISI TUBUH DENGAN DAYA TAHAN JANTUNG PARU

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Titing Nurhayati ◽  
Hanna Goenawan ◽  
Reni Farenia ◽  
Adjat Setiadjati Rasjad ◽  
Ambrosius Purba
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Good Physical Condition ◽  
Male Player

Pencak silat refers to performance sport requiring good physical condition. This study objective was to investigate the correlation between the physical activities and the body composition (fat percentage) to the cardiopulmonary endurance in female and male player-categorized athletes of pencak silat at Pelatda PON XVII Jawa Barat. The subjects of the study consisted of 20 pelatda athletes. The athletes conducted test of cardiopulmonary endurance using Astrands bench, daily intake was measured by food records 7x24 hours, physical activity was measured by activity records 7x24 hours, body composition was measured by skinfold calliper. The data was analyzed using Pearsons correlation test. The conclusion, there were a close positive correlation of the physical activity to the cardiopulmonary endurance of all subjects, there was also a close negative correlation of the body composition (fat percentage) to the cardiopulmonary endurance of male athletes, while a weak positive correlation of female athletes.

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