Role of Piezoelectric Elements in Finding the Mechanical Properties of Solid Industrial Materials

Recent developments in ultrasonic material testing have increased the need to evaluate the current status of the different applications of piezoelectric elements (PEs). This research have reviewed state-of-the-art emerging new technology and the role of PEs in tests for a number of mechanical properties, such as creep, fracture toughness, hardness, and impact toughness, among others. In this field, importance is given to the following variables, namely, (a) values of the natural frequency to PEs, (b) type and dimensions of specimens, and (c) purpose of the tests. All these variables are listed in three tables to illustrate the nature of their differences in these kinds of tests. Furthermore, recent achievements in this field are emphasized in addition to the many important studies that highlight the role of PEs.

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Recent Developments in Coatings, Gratings, and Reflective Components

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100108711 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 79 ◽

pp. 607-616

Author(s):

R. R. Shannon

Keyword(s):

State Of The Art ◽

New Technology ◽

The State ◽

Current Technology ◽

Large Size ◽

Incoming Radiation ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Electronic Sensors ◽

Large Primary ◽

Telescope System

The requirements on gratings and coatings for astronomical use differ from the general industrial requirements primarily in the scale of the components to be fabricated. Telescopes have large primary mirrors which require large coating plants to handle the components. Dispersive elements are driven by the requirement to be efficient in the presence of large working apertures, and usually optimize to large size in order to efficiently use the incoming radiation. Beyond this, there is a “new” technology of direct electronic sensors that places specific limits upon the image scale that can be used at the output of a telescope system, whether direct imagery or spectrally divided imagery is to be examined. This paper will examine the state of the art in these areas and suggest some actions and decisions that will be required in order to apply current technology to the predicted range of large new telescopes.

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The Many Faces of Astrocytes in Alzheimer's Disease

Frontiers in Neurology ◽

10.3389/fneur.2021.619626 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Michael D. Monterey ◽

Haichao Wei ◽

Xizi Wu ◽

Jia Qian Wu

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Research Effort ◽

Reactive Astrocytes ◽

Sequencing Technologies ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Current Therapies ◽

Pathological Development ◽

The Many

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and is the most common cause of dementia in an aging population. The majority of research effort has focused on the role of neurons in neurodegeneration and current therapies have limited ability to slow disease progression. Recently more attention has been given to the role of astrocytes in the process of neurodegeneration. Specifically, reactive astrocytes have both advantageous and adverse effects during neurodegeneration. The ability to isolate and depict astrocyte phenotype has been challenging. However, with the recent development of single-cell sequencing technologies researchers are provided with the resource to delineate specific biomarkers associated with reactive astrocytes in AD. In this review, we will focus on the role of astrocytes in normal conditions and the pathological development of AD. We will further review recent developments in the understanding of astrocyte heterogeneity and associated biomarkers. A better understanding of astrocyte contributions and phenotypic changes in AD can ultimately lead to more effective therapeutic targets.

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The Euthanasia Debate: Attitudes, Practices and Psychiatric Considerations

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/070674379504001005 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 40 (10) ◽

pp. 593-602 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Harvey Max Chochinov ◽

Keith G Wilson

Keyword(s):

Mental Health Professionals ◽

Assisted Suicide ◽

Psychiatric Morbidity ◽

Physician Attitudes ◽

Current Status ◽

Physician Assisted Suicide ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Hastened Death ◽

Desire For Death

Objective To review the current status of the euthanasia debate by examining public and physician attitudes towards euthanasia, the practice of euthanasia in the Netherlands, recent developments in Canada and other countries, psychosocial considerations related to the desire for death in terminally inpatients, and the roles that psychiatrists may be asked to play in the event of legislative reform involving decriminalization. Methods A literature review was conducted focusing on recent surveys regarding physician and patient attitudes towards euthanasia, the role of psychiatrists and empirical data pertaining to the mental state of patients who request physician-hastened death. Results Psychiatric morbidity among patients requesting physician-hastened death is considerable. Conclusion As a special case of suicide, euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide are of particular relevance to mental health professionals.

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Advances in Engineered Polymer Nanoparticle Tracking Platforms towards Cancer Immunotherapy—Current Status and Future Perspectives

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9080935 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 935

Author(s):

Ramar Thangam ◽

Kapil D. Patel ◽

Heemin Kang ◽

Ramasamy Paulmurugan

Keyword(s):

Cancer Immunotherapy ◽

Anticancer Agents ◽

Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽

Current Status ◽

Polymeric Nanocarriers ◽

Therapeutic Drugs ◽

Small Molecule Ligands ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Cancer Immunotherapies

Engineering polymeric nanoparticles for their shape, size, surface chemistry, and functionalization using various targeting molecules has shown improved biomedical applications for nanoparticles. Polymeric nanoparticles have created tremendous therapeutic platforms, particularly applications related to chemo- and immunotherapies in cancer. Recently advancements in immunotherapies have broadened this field in immunology and biomedical engineering, where “immunoengineering” creates solutions to target translational science. In this regard, the nanoengineering field has offered the various techniques necessary to manufacture and assemble multifunctional polymeric nanomaterial systems. These include nanoparticles functionalized using antibodies, small molecule ligands, targeted peptides, proteins, and other novel agents that trigger and encourage biological systems to accept the engineered materials as immune enhancers or as vaccines to elevate therapeutic functions. Strategies to engineer polymeric nanoparticles with therapeutic and targeting molecules can provide solutions for developing immune vaccines via maintaining the receptor storage in T- and B cells. Furthermore, cancer immunotherapy using polymeric nanomaterials can serve as a gold standard approach for treating primary and metastasized tumors. The current status of the limited availability of immuno-therapeutic drugs highlights the importance of polymeric nanomaterial platforms to improve the outcomes via delivering anticancer agents at localized sites, thereby enhancing the host immune response in cancer therapy. This review mainly focuses on the potential scientific enhancements and recent developments in cancer immunotherapies by explicitly discussing the role of polymeric nanocarriers as nano-vaccines. We also briefly discuss the role of multifunctional nanomaterials for their therapeutic impacts on translational clinical applications.

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Introduction

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190900533.013.1 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. xvi-26

Author(s):

Xiaolan Fu ◽

Bruce McKern ◽

Jin Chen ◽

Ximing Yin

Keyword(s):

Open Innovation ◽

Direct Investment ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Innovation System ◽

Development Policies ◽

Sectoral Differences ◽

World Class ◽

The Many ◽

Innovation Leadership

In conceiving the Oxford Handbook of China Innovation, the editors were motivated by the belief that it should provide comprehensive and authoritative views of the role of innovation in China’s rise. Accordingly, the Handbook consists of chapters written by some sixty experts from universities and research institutions, who provide an exposition of the state of the art in their fields, with criticism and suggestions for further research. These ideas cover a review of China’s development policies, the place of innovation within national priorities, the specific components of the national innovation system, and the resources required for effective innovation. It gives detailed attention to the many elements of the system that provide incentives and support and the factors contributing to a technologically sophisticated society. The issue of foreign influence is also addressed, along with open innovation, foreign direct investment, and sectoral differences. Several chapters include examples of the capabilities and strategies of Chinese corporations that have become world-class innovators. This introduction provides a short overview of each of the book’s seven sections and an outline of each chapter. The editors hope that readers will find that the volume enhances their understanding of China’s march toward technological and innovation leadership and provides a foundation for informed conjecture regarding the challenges ahead.

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Information Technology in Indian Banking Sector Some Recent Developments

Shanlax International Journal of Commerce ◽

10.34293/commerce.v8i1.985 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 65-71

Author(s):

C Vijai ◽

P Anitha

Keyword(s):

Information Technology ◽

Banking Sector ◽

New Technology ◽

Technology Support ◽

Point Of Sale ◽

Indian Economy ◽

Blockchain Technology ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Secondary Information

The banking sector could be the backbone of the Indian economy. In today’s era, technology support is incredibly necessary for the triple-crown functioning of the banking sector. While not IT and communication, we tend to cannot accept the success and growth of the industry and economy, it’s enlarged the role of the banking sector within the Indian economy. Run batted in new rules and supporting new technology and innovation for the client within the banks. The Indian banking sector was introduced the RTGS, mobile banking, Digital Wallets, UPI, Blockchain Technology, computing, Cloud Banking, wearable Technology, Omnichannel Banking, the point of sale, square measure numerous innovations within the Indian banking sector. This paper highlights the information technology in the Indian banking sector. This paper is descriptive. Secondary information square measures collected from numerous websites, reports, and journals.

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Broadband Time Domain Diffuse Optical Reflectance Spectroscopy: A Review of Systems, Methods, and Applications

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9245465 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (24) ◽

pp. 5465

Author(s):

Sanathana Konugolu Venkata Sekar ◽

Pranav Lanka ◽

Andrea Farina ◽

Alberto Dalla Mora ◽

Stefan Andersson-Engels ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Domain ◽

Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Current Status ◽

Future Trends ◽

Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Multiple Domains

This review presents recent developments and a wide overview of broadband time domain diffuse optical spectroscopy (TD-DOS). Various topics including physics of photon migration, advanced instrumentation, methods of analysis, applications covering multiple domains (tissue chromophore, in vivo studies, food, wood, pharmaceutical industry) are elaborated. The key role of standardization and recent studies in that direction are discussed. Towards the end, a brief outlook is presented on the current status and future trends in broadband TD-DOS.

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Natural Gas Deregulation in British Columbia: A 1987 Perspective

Alberta Law Review ◽

10.29173/alr717 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Mark M. Moseley

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Current Status ◽

Future Role ◽

Company Limited ◽

The Future ◽

Recent Developments

This paper reviews the current status of natural gas deregulation in British Columbia, focussing on certain topical issues. It addresses the future role of the British Columbia Petroleum Corporation, the future role of Westcoast Transmission Company Limited, recent developments with respect to bypass initiatives and, lastly, the new British Columbia natural gas surplus determination procedures.

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STUDI AWAL RANCANGAN BIDIRECTIONAL-MULTIUSER PADA VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION UNTUK APLIKASI DALAM RUANG (INDOOR)

JURNAL TEKNIK INFORMATIKA ◽

10.15408/jti.v10i1.6813 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 27-36

Author(s):

Syifaul Fuada

Keyword(s):

Visible Light ◽

Electromagnetic Interference ◽

State Of The Art ◽

New Technology ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Visible Light Communication ◽

Directional Transmission ◽

Point To Point ◽

The Many ◽

Transmission Speed

ABSTRAK Visible Light Communication (VLC) atau komunikasi cahaya tampak merupakan teknologi yang sedang on fire selama beberapa tahun ini dan diasumsikan akan terus berlanjut beberapa dekade kedepan karena banyak kelebihan yang ditawarkan, yakni telah tersedia infrastruktur utama berupa lampu penerangan sehingga bersifat cost-effective, bebas lisensi, lebih aman (secure), kecepatan transmisi mencapai GHz, dan tidak memiliki interferensi elektromagnetik. Karena VLC adalah teknologi yang relatif baru, maka standar komunikasinya juga cenderung berkembang ialah standar IEEE 802.15.17 yang terpublikasi akhir tahun 2010 lalu. Standar ini masih mengajukan teknik modulasi dan juga komunikasi pada skenario point-to-point namun sampai saat ini belum mengakomodasi sistem komunikasi dengan skenario Multiuser sekaligus transmisi Bi-directional. Makalah ini merupakan proposal rancangan dalam rangka mendesain sistem VLC secara bi-directional (uplink dan downlink) yang mampu dipakai pada skema multiuser dengan kecepatan bitrate pada downlink mencapai 1 Mbps untuk aplikasi dalam ruang (indoor). Makalah ini terbagi menjadi beberapa bagian pembahasan. Pertama mendefinisikan latar belakang akan dilakukannya sebuah penelitian untuk memperbaiki platform penelitian yang terdahulu dan kontribusinya. Bagian kedua memaparkan penelitian yang relevan beserta state of the art antara penelitian ini dengan lainnya. Bagian ketiga merinci teori dasar. Bagian keempat memaparkan metodologi penelitian dan terakhir adalah batasan masalah dan penutup. ABSTRACT Visible Light Communication (VLC) is a technology that has been on fire for several years and it is assumed to continue in the next few decades because of the many advantages offered, namely the main infrastructure in the form of lighting so that it is cost-effective, free license, safer (Secure), the transmission speed reaches GHz, and has no electromagnetic interference. Since VLC is a relatively new technology, its communication standards also tend to develop is the IEEE 802.15.17 standard published late 2010. This standard still proposes modulation techniques as well as communications in the point-to-point scenario but until now has not accommodated the communication system with Multiuser scenario as well as Bi-directional transmission. This paper is designed to design a bi-directional (uplink and downlink) VLC system that can be used on multiuser schemes with bitrate speeds downlink of up to 1 Mbps for indoor applications. This paper is divided into several parts of the discussion. First define the background of a research to improve the previous research platform and its contribution. The second part describes the relevant research along with the state of the art between this study and others. The third section details basic theories. The fourth section describes the methodology of research and the last is the limitation of the problem and the conclusion. How to Cite : Fuada, S. (2017). STUDI AWAL RANCANGAN BIDIRECTIONAL-MULTIUSER PADA VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION UNTUK APLIKASI DALAM RUANG (INDOOR). Jurnal Teknik Informatika, 10(1), 27-36. doi:10.15408/jti.v10i1.6813 Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jti.v10i1.6813

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The synapse in traumatic brain injury

Brain ◽

10.1093/brain/awaa321 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Aimun A B Jamjoom ◽

Jonathan Rhodes ◽

Peter J D Andrews ◽

Seth G N Grant

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

New Technology ◽

Secondary Injury ◽

Synapse Loss ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Mechanical Insult ◽

And Function ◽

The Impact

Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide and is a risk factor for dementia later in life. Research into the pathophysiology of TBI has focused on the impact of injury on the neuron. However, recent advances have shown that TBI has a major impact on synapse structure and function through a combination of the immediate mechanical insult and the ensuing secondary injury processes, leading to synapse loss. In this review, we highlight the role of the synapse in TBI pathophysiology with a focus on the confluence of multiple secondary injury processes including excitotoxicity, inflammation and oxidative stress. The primary insult triggers a cascade of events in each of these secondary processes and we discuss the complex interplay that occurs at the synapse. We also examine how the synapse is impacted by traumatic axonal injury and the role it may play in the spread of tau after TBI. We propose that astrocytes play a crucial role by mediating both synapse loss and recovery. Finally, we highlight recent developments in the field including synapse molecular imaging, fluid biomarkers and therapeutics. In particular, we discuss advances in our understanding of synapse diversity and suggest that the new technology of synaptome mapping may prove useful in identifying synapses that are vulnerable or resistant to TBI.

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