scholarly journals Exhaust Gas Characteristics According to the Injection Conditions in Diesel and DME Engines

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seamoon Yang ◽  
Changhee Lee
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Pilot Injection ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Pressure Injection ◽  
High Pressure Injection

In this paper, the effect of high-pressure injection pressure on particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions is discussed. Many studies have been conducted by active researchers on high-pressure engines; however, the problem of reducing PM and NOx emissions is still not solved. Therefore, in the existing diesel (compression ignition) engines, the common rail high-pressure injection system has limitations in reducing PM and NOx emissions. Accordingly, to solve the exhaust gas emission problem of a compression ignition engine, a compression ignition engine using an alternative fuel is discussed. This study was conducted to optimize the dimethyl ether (DME) engine system, which can satisfy the emission gas exhaust requirements that cannot be satisfied by the current common rail diesel compression ignition engine in terms of efficiency and exhaust gas using DME common rail compression ignition engine. Based on the results of this study on diesel and DME engines under common rail conditions, the changes in engine performance and emission characteristics of exhaust gases with respect to the injection pressure and injection rate were examined. The emission characteristics of NOx, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions were affected by the injection pressure of pilot injection. Under these conditions, the exhaust gas characteristics were optimized when the pilot injection period and needle lift were varied.

scholarly journals Chemiluminescence analysis of the effect of butanol-diesel fuel blends on the spray-combustion process in an experimental common rail diesel engine

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1943-1957
Author(s):  
Simona Merola ◽  
Luca Marchitto ◽  
Cinzia Tornatore ◽  
Gerardo Valentino
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Pilot Injection ◽  
Soot Emission ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Working Cycle ◽  
Main Injection

Combustion process was studied from the injection until the late combustion phase in an high swirl optically accessible combustion bowl connected to a single cylinder 2-stroke high pressure common rail compression ignition engine. Commercial diesel and blends of diesel and n-butanol (20%: BU20 and 40%: BU40) were used for the experiments. A pilot plus main injection strategy was investigated fixing the injection pressure and fuel mass injected per stroke. Two main injection timings and different pilot-main dwell times were explored achieving for any strategy a mixing controlled combustion. Advancing the main injection start, an increase in net engine working cycle (>40%) together with a strong smoke number decrease (>80%) and NOx concentration increase (@50%) were measured for all pilot injection timings. Compared to diesel fuel, butanol induced a decrease in soot emission and an increase in net engine working area when butanol ratio increased in the blend. A noticeable increase in NOx was detected at the exhaust for BU40 with a slight effect of the dwell-time. Spectroscopic investigations confirmed the delayed auto-ignition (~60 ms) of the pilot injection for BU40 compared to diesel. The spectral features for the different fuels were comparable at the start of combustion process, but they evolved in different ways. Broadband signal caused by soot emission, was lower for BU40 than diesel. Different balance of the bands at 309 and 282 nm, due to different OH transitions, were detected between the two fuels. The ratio of these intensities was used to follow flame temperature evolution.

scholarly journals High Pressure Injection of Chemicals in a Gravel Beach

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 525
Author(s):  
Geng ◽  
Abdollahi-Nasab ◽  
An ◽  
Chen ◽  
Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Lithium Bromide ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Tidal Range ◽  
Application Of Surfactants ◽  
Pressure Injection ◽  
Oil Biodegradation ◽  
High Pressure Injection ◽  
Gravel Beach

The remediation of beaches contaminated with oil includes the application of surfactants and/or the application of amendments to enhance oil biodegradation (i.e., bioremediation). This study focused on evaluating the practicability of the high pressure injection (HPI) of dissolved chemicals into the subsurface of a lentic Alaskan beach subjected to a 5 m tidal range. A conservative tracer, lithium, in a lithium bromide (LiBr) solution, was injected into the beach at 1.0 m depth near the mid-tide line. The flow rate was varied between 1.0 and 1.5 L/min, and the resulting injection pressure varied between 3 m and 6 m of water. The concentration of the injected tracer was measured from four surrounding monitoring wells at multiple depths. The HPI associated with a flow rate of 1.5 L/min resulted in a Darcy flux in the cross-shore direction at 1.15 × 10−5 m/s compared to that of 7.5 × 10−6 m/s under normal conditions. The HPI, thus, enhanced the hydraulic conveyance of the beach. The results revealed that the tracer plume dispersed an area of ~12 m2 within 24 h. These results suggest that deep injection of solutions into a gravel beach is a viable approach for remediating beaches.

Low Engine-Out NOx Emissions with DME Using High Pressure Injection

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Brusstar ◽  
Fakhri J. Hamady ◽  
Ronald M. Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Pressure Injection ◽  
High Pressure Injection

Biodiesel Combustion and Emissions in Engines Using Modern Common-Rail Fuel Injection Systems

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashanth K. Karra ◽  
Matthias K. Veltman ◽  
Song-Charng Kong
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Fuel Injection System ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Recirculation

This study performed experimental testing of a multi-cylinder diesel engine using different blends of biodiesel and diesel fuel. The engine used an electronically-controlled common-rail fuel injection system to achieve a high injection pressure. The operating parameters that were investigated included the injection pressure, injection timing, and exhaust gas recirculation rate. Results showed that biodiesel generally reduced soot emissions and increased NOx emissions. The increase in NOx emissions was not due to the injection timing shift when biodiesel was used because the present fuel injection system was able to give the same fuel injection timing. At high exhaust gas recirculation rates, emissions using regular diesel and 20% biodiesel blends are very similar while 100% biodiesel produces relatively different emission levels. Therefore, the increase in NOx emissions may not be a concern when 20% biodiesel blends are used with high exhaust gas recirculation rates in order to achieve low temperature combustion conditions.

scholarly journals Optimization of Pilot Injection Pattern and Its Effect on Diesel Combustion with High-Pressure Injection.

1993 ◽  
Vol 59 (559) ◽  
pp. 892-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyomi Nakakita ◽  
Teruaki Kondoh ◽  
Katsuyuki Ohsaw ◽  
Takeshi Takahashi ◽  
Satoshi Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Pilot Injection ◽  
Diesel Combustion ◽  
Pressure Injection ◽  
High Pressure Injection

Effect of EGR on the Exhaust Gas Temperature and Exhaust Opacity in Compression Ignition Engines Using Jatropha Oil as Fuel

2011 ◽  
Vol 110-116 ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amar P. Pandhare ◽  
K. C. Zende ◽  
A. S. Joglekar ◽  
S. C. Bhave ◽  
A. S. Padalkar
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Particulate Emission ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Trade Off

Diesel engines are widely used as power sources for medium and heavy-duty applications because of their lower fuel consumption and lower emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbons (HC) compared with gasoline engines. Efficient use of natural resources is one of the fundamental requirements for any country to become self-sustainable. Both in organized and unorganized sectors internal combustion engine has become an indispensable prime mover. With the increasing demand on the use of fossil fuels, a stronger threat to clean environment is being posed as the burning of fossil fuels is associated with emissions like CO2, CO, SOx, NOx and particulate matter, which are currently the dominant global source of emissions. In diesel engines, NOx formation is a highly temperature-dependent phenomenon. Therefore, in order to reduce NOx emissions in the exhaust, it is necessary to keep peak combustion temperatures under control. Exhaust gas recirculation is the most important technique for reducing NOx emissions. Re-circulating part of the exhaust gas helps in reducing NOx, but appreciable particulate emissions are observed at high loads, hence there is a trade-off between NOx and smoke emission. To get maximum benefit from this trade-off, a particulate trap may be used to reduce the amount of unburnt particulates in EGR, which in turn reduce the particulate emission also. An experimental investigation was conducted to observe the effect of exhaust gas re-circulation on the exhaust gas temperatures and exhaust opacity. The experimental setup for the proposed experiments was developed on a single-cylinder, direct injection, air-cooled, compression ignition engine. A matrix of experiments was conducted for observing the effect of different quantities of EGR on exhaust gas temperatures and opacity.

Implicit Numerical Model of a High-Pressure Injection System

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Catania ◽  
C. Dongiovanni ◽  
A. Mittica
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Gaussian Elimination ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Algebraic Equations ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Boundary Shear ◽  
Pressure Injection ◽  
High Pressure Injection

An implicit finite-difference numerical method has been developed and applied to the simulation of unsteady flow phenomena in a high-pressure injection system. A first-order one-step BSBT (backward space, backward time) scheme was used to obtain the difference analogue of the one-dimensional, elemental-volume averaged, partial differential equations governing the pressure-pipe flow. Second and higher-order implicit difference representations were employed for the ordinary differential equations simulating the pump and injector dynamics. The resultant nonlinear algebraic equations were solved by the Newton-Raphson method and a fast modified version of the Gaussian elimination procedure was used to solve the linearized equations. This was an extension of the Thomas solver to a multidiagonal system of algebraic equations. A compact, efficient and stable numerical algorithm was so obtained. The mathematical model takes into account the compressibility of the liquid fuel, the boundary shear, and also includes the simulation of possible cavitation occurrence at one or multiple locations in the injection system. No artificial viscosity has to be added to the solution in the vicinity of discontinuities induced by cavitation in the flow properties. The cavitation simulation is based on a simple mixture model of transient two-phase flow in pipes and can incorporate the effects of gaseous cavitation occurrence. Experimental values of the flow coefficients were used for the pump and injector and, for the latter, the dependence of the discharge coefficients on the needle lift and injection pressure was also taken into account. The model was tested and validated by comparing the numerical results with those of experiments carried out at the Fiat Research Center on a diesel-engine inline injection system, with a jerk-pump and an orifice type nozzle-injector.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document