scholarly journals Full-scale Studies of Improving Energy Performance by Renovating Historic Swedish Timber Buildings with Hemp-lime

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulien Strandberg-de Bruijn ◽  
Anna Donarelli ◽  
Kristin Balksten
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Thermal Transmittance

With an increased focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, energy saving is of great importance in all sectors of society. EU directives set targets for member states to reduce energy use in buildings. Energy saving in historic buildings requires special measures, balancing energy-saving renovations against the preservation of heritage values. Traditional constructions are open to vapor diffusion and generally work differently from modern constructions. Modern materials in traditional constructions sometimes damages the original material as they are usually diffusion-tight. The aim of this study was to investigate whether hemp-lime could be used as an insulation material to improve the energy efficiency of historic timber building envelopes with a rendered façade in Sweden. The objective was to determine the actual energy savings for space heating. An additional objective was to determine the actual thermal transmittance and to study thermal buffering through in-situ measurements in a full-scale wall renovated with hemp-lime. Two full-scale wall sections were constructed at the Energy and Building Design laboratory at Lund University: A traditional post-and-plank wall with a lime render (80 mm), and a post-and-plank wall with a hemp-lime render (90 mm). Energy use for space heating was monitored continuously over a period of one year. The wall with a hemp-lime render required 33% less energy for space heating than the traditional post-and-plank wall with a lime render. This was accomplished without changing the framework, appearance or material in the render and without drastically changing the hygric properties of the façade. From the gathered data, the thermal transmittance (U-values) for both walls was calculated using two different methods, one based on material properties and the other based on energy use data. For both walls, thermal transmittance based on actual energy use data during the heating period was lower than what was expected from their material properties. This indicates that more material properties than thermal conductivity and material thickness need to be taken into account when performing energy use calculations. With hemp-lime, a renovation can be accomplished without damaging the timber structure and wooden slats, and it can be done with local traditional materials and building methods with no difference in appearance to a traditional lime render. This allows for heritage values to be preserved, while also allowing the building to comply with modern standards and with increased thermal comfort and reduced energy use.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Urban-Scale Building Energy-Use Models and Tools—Application for the City of Fribourg, Switzerland

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1595
Author(s):  
Valeria Todeschi ◽  
Roberto Boghetti ◽  
Jérôme H. Kämpf ◽  
Guglielmina Mutani
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Engineering Model ◽  
Building Energy Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Building energy-use models and tools can simulate and represent the distribution of energy consumption of buildings located in an urban area. The aim of these models is to simulate the energy performance of buildings at multiple temporal and spatial scales, taking into account both the building shape and the surrounding urban context. This paper investigates existing models by simulating the hourly space heating consumption of residential buildings in an urban environment. Existing bottom-up urban-energy models were applied to the city of Fribourg in order to evaluate the accuracy and flexibility of energy simulations. Two common energy-use models—a machine learning model and a GIS-based engineering model—were compared and evaluated against anonymized monitoring data. The study shows that the simulations were quite precise with an annual mean absolute percentage error of 12.8 and 19.3% for the machine learning and the GIS-based engineering model, respectively, on residential buildings built in different periods of construction. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis using the Morris method was carried out on the GIS-based engineering model in order to assess the impact of input variables on space heating consumption and to identify possible optimization opportunities of the existing model.

Energy Saving Policies for Housing Based on Wrong Assumptions?

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
Henk Visscher ◽  
Dasa Majcen ◽  
Laure Itard
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Energy Saving Potential ◽  
Energy Performance Of Buildings ◽  
New Buildings

The energy saving potential of the building stock is large and considered to be the most cost efficient to contribute to the CO2 reduction ambitions. Severe governmental policies steering on reducing the energy use seem essential to stimulate and enforce the improvement of the energy performance of buildings with a focus on reducing the heating and cooling energy demand. In Europe the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive is a driving force for member states to develop and strengthen energy performance regulations for new buildings and energy certificates for the building stock. The goals are to build net zero energy new buildings in 2020 and to reach a neutral energy situation in the whole stock by 2050. More and more research projects deliver insight that the expected impact of stricter regulations for newly built houses is limited and the actual effects of energy savings through housing renovations stay behind the expectations. Theoretical energy use calculated on base of the design standard for new houses and assessment standards for Energy Performance Certificates of existing dwellings differ largely from the measured actual energy use. The paper uses the findings of some Post Occupancy Evaluation research projects. Is the energy saving potential of the housing stock smaller than expected and should we therefore change the policies?

scholarly journals Modeling Nearly Zero Energy Buildings for Sustainable Development in Rural Areas

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Khakian ◽  
Mehrdad Karimimoshaver ◽  
Farshid Aram ◽  
Soghra Zoroufchi Benis ◽  
Amir Mosavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Multiple Parameters ◽  
Shading Devices ◽  
The Impact

The energy performance of buildings and energy-saving measures have been widely investigated in recent years. However, little attention has been paid to buildings located in rural areas. The aim of this study is to assess the energy performance of two-story residential buildings located in the mountainous village of Palangan in Iran and to evaluate the impact of multiple parameters, namely building orientation, window-to-wall ratio (WWR), glazing type, shading devices, and insulation, on its energy performance. To attain a nearly zero energy building design in rural areas, the building is equipped with photovoltaic modules. The proposed building design is then economically evaluated to ensure its viability. The findings indicate that an energy saving of 29% can be achieved compared to conventional buildings, and over 22 MWh of electricity can be produced on an annual basis. The payback period is assessed at 21.7 years. However, energy subsidies are projected to be eliminated in the near future, which in turn may reduce the payback period.

scholarly journals Application of occupancy and booking information to optimize space and energy use in higher education institutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 25010
Author(s):  
Shoaib Azizi ◽  
Ramtin Rabiee ◽  
Gireesh Nair ◽  
Thomas Olofsson
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Significant Saving ◽  
Building Management ◽  
Extensive Information ◽  
Building Operation

Building in higher education institutions (HEIs) are characterized as energy intensive Experience from practice showing large discrepancies between predicted and actual energy performance. The deviation can sometimes reach 100%. Explanations often originate from occupant’s behaviour along with building operation. IoT-based smart tools can provide extensive information about building usage to improve the building management, often associates with opportunities, for significant energy saving. The analysis in this study investigate space use based on occupancy and booking information in eight different lecture rooms at Umeå University. The results suggest interventions for significant saving potentials, such as modification of access permission and closing down redundant lecture rooms.

Application Analysis of the Wall Insulation Construction Technology in Energy-Saving of Building

2014 ◽  
Vol 556-562 ◽  
pp. 872-876
Author(s):  
Gang Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Building Model ◽  
New Material ◽  
Fluent Software ◽  
Insulation Effect ◽  
Insulation Wall

Wall insulation material can save a lot of wall materials, improve the performance of the wall insulation, save resources, and reduce environmental pollution, which is a new material for interior and exterior wall insulation. In order to study the insulation performance of insulation material, according to the construction process of insulation material, we design the multi-layer insulation wall structure. In order to verify the insulation effect of energy saving, we use the FLUENT software to do numerical simulation on the wall insulation effect, and establish the heat transfer equation of the radiation and solid. We use the CAD software to design large building model, and use GAMBIT to carry on the grid division, finally get the 2D and 3D temperature distribution by means of numerical calculation. Through the finding of thermal efficiency and energy-saving efficiency, insulation wall can significantly improve the energy performance of buildings, which provides technical support to study the energy saving and environmental protection of building.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Energy Efficiency and Thermal Comfort Related Retrofit for Existing New Zealand Houses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Yanguang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Water System ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Space Heating

<p>Many New Zealand studies have argued that house energy retrofit produces limited benefits, but the issue of how existing house retrofitting can lead to better energy performance and comfort improvement is little explored. The aim of this thesis was to examine the influence of house retrofit on energy efficiency and thermal comfort, using house model simulation and calculation. This study gives a holistic house retrofit approach in thermal comfort improvement and energy conservation. Three house retrofit categories were defined by household energy breakdown: Space Heating Retrofit, Hot Water System Retrofit and Appliances Retrofit. This study started with an investigation of New Zealand existing house stock. A typical house model was defined by the summarized common physical characteristics. This house model was used for retrofit testing. For the building space heating retrofit study, a series of thermal simulations was completed with different retrofit options. Thermal simulation results were compared both in thermal comfort and space heating energy requirement. It was discovered that the optimum level full insulation retrofit significantly reduced space heating energy requirement and also improved thermal comfort. Retrofit solutions for water heating, lighting and appliances were compared by cost and energy saving. Cost effectiveness cross comparison for all of the retrofit solutions was carried out. Retrofitting for space heating system and hot water system can be considered for long term cost effectiveness. Appliances and lighting retrofit have a higher efficacy than other retrofit options in terms of energy saving and cost benefit cycle. These findings are used to provide suggestions for retrofitting of existing houses.</p>

scholarly journals BUDGET HOTEL DENGAN PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR HEMAT ENERGI DI COLOMADU, KARANGANYAR

Arsitektura ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusnia Satyawati Hardiningtyas ◽  
Bonifasius Heru Santosa Soemarno ◽  
Amin Sumadyo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Simulation System ◽  
Building Simulation ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Strategic Location

<em>Colomadu is a locality of Karanganyar Regency located quite far apart from the Karanganyar Regency (exclave). Existing issues in the region of Colomadu becoming the background of planning and designing Budget Hotel in Colomadu with Energy Saving Architecture approach, as for instances, the existence of competition between hotels; a tendency of the tourist to stay in affordable lodgments with comfortable facilities; most of the hotels in Colomadu have not applied the concept of energy saving; as well as the Colomadu area good prospects and strategic location Budget Hotel since it is close to the International Airport of Adi Sumarmo and bounded by regions with capability to support  activities in the Budget Hotel. The problem of the design is how to implement energy saving concept (focus on lighting and air conditioning system) on the building as an effort to minimize the expenses of energy use, but the facilities granted stay comfortable and affordable. The purpose of this design is getting a building design that provides lodging facilities with affordable, comfortable, and apply the concept of energy saving. The method used is the method of designing architecture with the Energy Saving Architecture approach. The results obtained, i.e. the design  Budget Hotel with Energy Saving Architecture approach which is applied to the lighting and air conditioning system, such as determining the position of the openings and performing control of sunlight by providing massive walls, overhang, and secondary skin on the exterior of the building simulated with Autodesk Ecotect Analysis 2011 as well as the use of the roller blind or curtains in interior building, simulation system for Dialux 4.12 artificial lighting, and simple calculations to determine the system of artificial air conditioning (AC).</em>

scholarly journals Efficacy of Energy Efficiency and Thermal Comfort Related Retrofit for Existing New Zealand Houses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Yanguang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Water System ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Space Heating

<p>Many New Zealand studies have argued that house energy retrofit produces limited benefits, but the issue of how existing house retrofitting can lead to better energy performance and comfort improvement is little explored. The aim of this thesis was to examine the influence of house retrofit on energy efficiency and thermal comfort, using house model simulation and calculation. This study gives a holistic house retrofit approach in thermal comfort improvement and energy conservation. Three house retrofit categories were defined by household energy breakdown: Space Heating Retrofit, Hot Water System Retrofit and Appliances Retrofit. This study started with an investigation of New Zealand existing house stock. A typical house model was defined by the summarized common physical characteristics. This house model was used for retrofit testing. For the building space heating retrofit study, a series of thermal simulations was completed with different retrofit options. Thermal simulation results were compared both in thermal comfort and space heating energy requirement. It was discovered that the optimum level full insulation retrofit significantly reduced space heating energy requirement and also improved thermal comfort. Retrofit solutions for water heating, lighting and appliances were compared by cost and energy saving. Cost effectiveness cross comparison for all of the retrofit solutions was carried out. Retrofitting for space heating system and hot water system can be considered for long term cost effectiveness. Appliances and lighting retrofit have a higher efficacy than other retrofit options in terms of energy saving and cost benefit cycle. These findings are used to provide suggestions for retrofitting of existing houses.</p>

scholarly journals Top Energy Saver of the Year: Results of an Energy Saving Competition in Public Buildings

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-293
Author(s):  
Jan Kaselofsky ◽  
Ralf Schüle ◽  
Marika Rošā ◽  
Toms Prodaņuks ◽  
Anda Jekabsone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Heat Consumption ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public Building ◽  
Team Members

AbstractNon-residential buildings in the European Union consume more than one third of the building sector’s total. Many non-residential buildings are owned by municipalities. This paper reports about an energy saving competition that was carried out in 91 municipal buildings in eight EU member states in 2019. For each public building an energy team was formed. The energy teams’ activities encompassed motivating changes in the energy use behaviour of employees and small investments. Two challenges added an element of gamification to the energy saving competition. To assess the success of the energy saving competition, an energy performance baseline was calculated using energy consumption data of each public building from previous years. Energy consumption in the competition year was monitored on a monthly base. After the competition the top energy savers from each country were determined by the percentage-based reduction of energy consumption compared to the baseline. On average, the buildings had an electricity and heat consumption in 2019 that was about 8 % and 7 %, respectively, lower than the baseline. As an additional data source for the evaluation, a survey among energy team members was conducted at the beginning and after the energy competition. Support from superiors, employee interest and motivation and behaviour change as assessed by energy team members show a positive, if weak or moderate, correlation with changes in electricity consumption, but not with changes in heat consumption.

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