scholarly journals Life-Cycle Assessment of the Substitution of Sand with Coal Bottom Ash in Concrete: Two Concrete Design Methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 3620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Pushkar
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Mixture Design ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Concrete Mixture ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Coal Bottom Ash ◽  
Concrete Production

Life-cycle assessments (LCAs) were conducted to evaluate the replacement of sand with coal bottom ash (CBA) in concrete. CBA is a byproduct of coal-fueled electricity production. Sand was replaced with CBA at proportions of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 wt.%, and the resultant concretes were denoted as CBA0, CBA25, CBA50, CBA75, and CBA100, respectively. Two concrete mixture design methods (that resulted in different component qualities of concrete mixtures) were used: (i) Mixture with a fixed slump (MIX-fixed-SLUMP) and (ii) mixture with a fixed water/cement ratio (MIX-fixed-W/C). The ReCiPe2016 midpoint and single score (six methodological options) methods were followed to compare the environmental damage caused by the CBA-based concretes. The ReCiPe2016 results showed that replacing sand with CBA was environmentally (i) beneficial with the MIX-fixed-SLUMP design and (ii) harmful with the MIX-fixed-W/C design. Therefore, using CBA as a partial sand replacement in concrete production is a controversial issue as it highly depends on the concrete mixture design method.

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Concrete Designs on the Life-Cycle Assessment of the Environmental Impacts of Concretes Containing Furnace Bottom-Ash Instead of Sand

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 4083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Pushkar
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Furnace Bottom ◽  
Life Cycle Assessments ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Single Score

The results of life-cycle assessments (LCAs) of concrete are highly dependent on the concrete design method. In this study, LCAs were conducted to evaluate the environmental impacts of the replacement of sand with furnace bottom-ash (FBA) in concrete. In the FBA-based concretes, sand was replaced with FBA at proportions of 0, 30, 50, 70, and 100 wt%. Two design methods were studied: (i) concrete with fixed slump ranges of 0–10 mm (CON-fix-SLUMP-0-10) and 30–60 mm (CON-fix-SLUMP-30-60); and (ii) concrete with fixed water/cement (W/C) ratios of 0.45 (CON-fix-W/C-0.45) and 0.55 (CON-fix-W/C-0.55). The ReCiPe2016 midpoint and single-score (six methodological options) methods were used to compare the environmental damage caused by the FBA-based concretes. A two-stage nested (hierarchical) analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to simultaneously evaluate the results of six ReCiPe2016 methodologies. The ReCiPe2016 results indicate that replacing sand with FBA decreased the environmental impact of the concretes with fixed slump ranges and increased the environmental impact of the concretes with fixed W/C ratios. Therefore, using FBA as a partial sand replacement in concrete production is of debatable utility, as its impact highly depends on the concrete design method used.

scholarly journals Development of Concrete Mixture Design Process Using MCDM Approach for Sustainable Concrete Quality Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 8110
Author(s):  
Mohd. Ahmed ◽  
Javed Mallick ◽  
Saeed AlQadhi ◽  
Nabil Ben Kahla
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Mixture Design ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Concrete Mixture ◽  
Sustainable Concrete ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Concrete Quality

The development of a concrete mixture design process for high-quality concrete production with sustainable values is a complex process because of the multiple required properties at the green/hardened state of concrete and the interdependency of concrete mixture parameters. A new multicriteria decision making (MCDM) technique based on Technique of Order Preference Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methodology is applied to a fuzzy setting for the selection of concrete mix factors and concrete mixture design methods with the aim towards sustainable concrete quality management. Three objective properties for sustainable quality concrete are adopted as criteria in the proposed MCDM model. The seven most dominant concrete mixture parameters with consideration to sustainable concrete quality issues, i.e., environmental (density, durability) and socioeconomic criteria (cost, optimum mixture ingredients ratios), are proposed as sub-criteria. Three mixture design techniques that have potentiality to include sustainable aspects in their design procedure, two advanced and one conventional concrete mixture design method, are taken as alternatives in the MCDM model. The proposed selection support framework may be utilized in updating concrete design methods for sustainability and in deciding the most dominant concrete mix factors that can provide sustainable quality management in concrete production as well as in concrete construction. The concrete mix factors found to be most influential to produce sustainable concrete quality include the water/cement ratio and density. The outcomes of the proposed MCDM model of fuzzy TOPSIS are consistent with the published literature and theory. The DOE method was found to be more suitable in sustainable concrete quality management considering its applicable objective quality properties and concrete mix factors.

Properties of high volume coal bottom ash in concrete production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Muiz Hasim ◽  
Khairul Anuar Shahid ◽  
Nur Farhayu Ariffin ◽  
Nurul Natasha Nasrudin ◽  
Muhamad Nor Syahrul Zaimi
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Ash ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Coal Bottom Ash ◽  
Concrete Production

scholarly journals Appraisal of Asphalt Concrete with Coal Bottom Ash as Mineral Filler

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashiru Mohammed ◽  
Ibrahim Aliyu ◽  
Tasiu A. Sulaiman ◽  
Hussaini A. Umar ◽  
Yasir Jubril
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Flexible Pavement ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Mineral Filler ◽  
Coal Bottom Ash ◽  
Bitumen Content ◽  
Marshall Stability ◽  
Strength And Durability

This study was conducted to access the performance of asphalt concrete produced with coal bottom ash as partial replacement of cement in the mineral filler. The Marshal Mix design method of hot mix asphalt (HMA) samples preparation and testing was adopted. Fifteen (15) samples of HMA compacted and used for volumetric and stability testing at a varying percentage of bitumen contents (5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, and 7.0%,) following the Asphalt Institute and Nigeria General Specification for Road and Bridges (NGSRB) approach for determining optimum bitumen content (OBC). An Optimum bitumen content of 5.5 % was obtained and used throughout the study. Another set of 15 samples of the HMA were prepared and compacted at varying percentage replacement of cement with CBA in the order of 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35% by volume of cement to determine the optimum dosage of the coal bottom ash that will satisfy the requirements for the strength and durability of wearing course of flexible pavement. The Marshall Stability, flow, and the volumetric properties test results obtained indicated that the samples prepared with 25% CBA as filler with OBC of 5.5% satisfied the requirements of the NGSRB for wearing course of flexible pavement. Hence, the addition of up to 25% CBA by volume of cement in asphalt concrete can reduce the consumption of cement and provide a proper means of CBA disposal.Keywords- Coal Bottom Ash (CBA), Marshal Stability, Marshal Flow, Mineral filler, Optimum Bitumen Content (OBC)

scholarly journals Effects of Coal Bottom Ash as Cementitious Material on Compressive Strength and Chloride Permeability of Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Haziman Wan Ibrahim ◽  
◽  
Sajjad Ali Mangi ◽  
Mohd Irwan Juki ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Cementitious Material ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Chloride Permeability ◽  
Coal Bottom Ash ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Lower Chloride

Coal Bottom Ash (CBA) is the waste material produced by coal-based power plants, particularly in Malaysia around 1.7 million tons of CBA was produced annually, which is major environmental concern. Therefore, the use of CBA as a partial replacement of cement in concrete is a possible solution for that pollution; this approach also creates a new corridor in the field of concrete production. However, this study aims to evaluate the effects of CBA as cementitious material on the concrete properties. This study incorporated 10% CBA as a cement replacement by weight method in concrete. However, concrete samples were prepared with and without CBA and immersed in water for 7, 28, 56 and 90 days. Next, the performances of concrete with and without CBA were evaluated in terms of workability, compressive strength, and rapid chloride permeability test. It was found that due to presence of CBA in concrete, workability reduces; no substantial growth in compressive strength at the early ages but substantial rise in strength was noticed after 56 days. Almost 4.7% higher strength was recorded than the control specimens at 90 days. Besides that, concrete containing CBA has lower chloride penetration as compared to the control specimen, which shows its better durability performance. It can be concluded that CBA has an enormous potential to be utilized as a cementitious material in durable concrete production.

Development of a Balanced Mix Design Method in Oregon to Improve Long-Term Pavement Performance

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110322
Author(s):  
Shashwath Sreedhar ◽  
Erdem Coleri ◽  
Ihsan Ali Obaid ◽  
Vikas Kumar
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Mixture Design ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Binder Content ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Mix Design

Most state Departments of Transportation (DOTs) and asphalt contractors do not think that commonly used asphalt mixture properties, such as voids in mineral aggregate (VMA), voids filled with asphalt (VFA), and dust-to-binder ratio, reflect the long-term performance of asphalt mixtures. In addition, there are several new additives, polymers, rubbers, and high-quality binder types incorporated into asphalt mixtures today. Volumetric mixture design methods are not capable of capturing the benefits of using all these new technologies on asphalt mixture performance. Furthermore, the interaction of virgin binders with reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) mixtures with high binder replacement contents and the level of RAP binder blending into the asphalt mixture are still not well understood. Because of all these complications related to the more complex structure of asphalt mixtures, simple volumetric evaluations to determine the optimum binder content may not result in reliable asphalt mixture designs. Two volumetrically identical mixtures may provide completely different rutting and cracking performance according to laboratory tests. For all these reasons, in this study performance tests for rutting and cracking are incorporated into current asphalt mixture design methods to make it possible to validate or revise the optimum binder content determined by the volumetric mix design method (the only method currently used for asphalt mix design).

Material Characterization and Optimum Usage of Coal Bottom Ash (CBA) as Sand Replacement in Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Syafiqah Ghadzali ◽  
◽  
Mohd Haziman Wan Ibrahim ◽  
Sharifah Salwa Mohd Zuki ◽  
Mohd Syahrul Hisyam Sani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Natural Sand ◽  
Coal Bottom Ash ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
Good Potential

Recently, the deficiency of natural sand is considered one of the most important thoughtful issues in the construction industry as it is one of the raw materials of concrete. The use of industrial waste by-products as an alternative material in concrete production is one solution to natural sand depletion. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the properties of the concrete containing Coal Bottom Ash (CBA) produced by coal-based power plants as sand replacement material. Initially, physical, chemical, microstructural properties like specific gravity, density, sieve analysis, X-ray fluorescence and scanning electron microscopic were investigated. Then, the optimum replacement of sand with CBA was determined based on the workability, compressive and splitting tensile test. The results displayed that the physical properties of CBA are similar to sand. Moreover, CBA was classified chemically as Class-F ash. It was found that the optimum replacement dosage of CBA with sand is 10% in which achieved the targeted/designed strength. In general, CBA has good potential to be utilized as a sand replacement material.

scholarly journals Life-Cycle Optimization of a Chiller Plant with Quantified Analysis of Uncertainty and Reliability in Commercial Buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengchu Yan ◽  
Qi Cheng ◽  
Hao Cai
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Optimal Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Cooling Load ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Life Cycle Optimization ◽  
Quantified Analysis

Conventional and most optimal design methods for chiller plants often address the annual cooling load distribution of buildings and their peak cooling loads based on typical meteorological year (TMY) data, while the peak cooling load only appears a few times during the life-cycle and the sized chiller plant usually operates within its low efficient region. In this paper, a robust optimal design method based on life-cycle total cost was employed to optimize the design of a chiller plant with quantified analysis of uncertainty and reliability. By using the proposed design method, the optimized chiller plant can operate at its highly efficient region under various cooling load conditions, and provide sufficient cooling capacity even alongside some equipment/systems with failures. The minimum life-cycle total cost, which consists of the capital cost, operation, and availability-risk cost, can be achieved through optimizing the total cooling capacity and the numbers/sizes of chillers. A case study was conducted to illustrate the detailed implementation process of the proposed method. The performance of this design method was evaluated by comparing with that of other design methods.

Green Concrete for Sustainable Life-Cycle

2011 ◽  
Vol 99-100 ◽  
pp. 1113-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Lung Hwang ◽  
Fransiscus Mintar Ferry Sihotang ◽  
Le Anh Tuan Bui ◽  
Chun Tsun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Mixture Design ◽  
Concrete Mixture ◽  
Emissions Reductions ◽  
Design Algorithm ◽  
Green Concrete ◽  
Furnace Slag

Green concrete is a concrete that supports the content of CO2 emissions reductions by using waste industries as cement replacement. The waste industries that commonly can be used in green concrete mixture design are fly ash, blast furnace slag, silica fume, and rice husk ash. The present of supplementary cementitous material in green concrete mixture can increase both compressive strength and cement efficiency. The higher of cement efficiency, the higher compressive strength and the lower cement content will be. Densified Mixture Design Algorithm (DMDA) is a method that has been widely applied to concrete constructions in Taiwan. DMDA method can support the higher of cement efficiency in green concrete design. By using DMDA to create green concrete with supplementary cementitous material can increase the life of concrete and hence reduce life-cycle cost.

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