scholarly journals Fabrication of Agglomerates from Secondary Raw Materials Reinforced with Paper Fibres by Stamp Pressing Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
pp. 3946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Echterhof ◽  
Thomas Willms ◽  
Stefan Preiss ◽  
Matti Aula ◽  
Ahmed Abdelrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Paper Recycling ◽  
Cold Compression ◽  
Secondary Raw Materials ◽  
Arc Furnaces ◽  
First Results ◽  
Metallurgical Processes ◽  
By Products

The use of secondary raw materials in metallurgical processes such as steelmaking is an important contribution to the circular economy aspired to by EU members and many other countries. The agglomeration of dusts, fines and sludges is an important pretreatment step to enable the use of these materials in subsequent melting processes, such as steelmaking in electric arc furnaces (EAFs). It also reduces the amount of by-products and waste materials that are currently waste for disposal and are landfilled. The presented research is part of the Fines2EAF project, which aims to increase the value of steelmaking residues by internal recycling and use or reuse in the form of agglomerates. The approach followed in this project is the use of a hydraulic stamp press and alternative binder systems to produce cement-free agglomerates. The first results of lab-scale agglomeration tests of six different recipes with varying pressing forces are presented in this paper. It is shown that the addition of fibres from paper recycling has a strong effect on the cold compression stability of the agglomerates, by far exceeding other effects such as increased pressing force. Overall, the agglomerates produced in the lab show promising characteristics, for example, cold compression stability and abrasion resistance, which should allow for use in EAF steelmaking.

scholarly journals Sludge Thermal Utilization, and the Circular Economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurand D. Bień ◽  
Beata Bień
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
High Water ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Potential Methods ◽  
By Products ◽  
Consumption Waste

Abstract In 2015, the European Commission has adopted an ambitious Circular Economy Action Plan (CEAP), which includes measures that would help stimulate Europe’s transition towards a circular economy. In general four key action areas have been defined: production, consumption, waste management and secondary raw materials. Actions will lead to the resource-efficient and environmentally friendly outcomes. Biological materials should be returned to the natural metabolic cycles after necessary pre-treatment while waste that can not be prevented or recycled is to be used for the energy recovery. Sewage sludge is a large-tonnage waste produced at wastewater treatments plants (WWTPs). Its utilization causes some problems. High water content in sludge, hazardous substances as heavy metals, organic toxins and pathogens limit some potential methods of sludge utilization. Thermal treatment methods offer a solution, some hazardous substances can be destroyed or removed, energy can be recovered and some nutrients can be obtained from ash or other by-products.

scholarly journals Investigation on the Chemical and Thermal Behavior of Recycling Agglomerates from EAF by-Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8309
Author(s):  
Thomas Willms ◽  
Thomas Echterhof ◽  
Stefan Steinlechner ◽  
Matti Aula ◽  
Ahmed Abdelrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Electric Steel ◽  
Crude Steel ◽  
By Products

In addition to the blast furnace converter route, electric steel production in the electric arc furnace (EAF) is one of the two main production routes for crude steel. In 2019, the global share of crude steel produced via the electric steel route was 28%, which in numbers is 517 million metric tons of crude steel. The production and processing of steel leads to the output of a variety of by-products, such as dusts, fines, sludges and scales. At the moment, 10–67% of these by-products are landfilled and not recycled. These by-products contain metal oxides and minerals including iron oxide, zinc oxide, magnesia or alumina. Apart from the wasted valuable materials, the restriction of landfill space and stricter environmental laws are additional motivations to avoid landfill. The aim of the Fines2EAF project, funded by the European Research Fund for Coal and Steel, is to develop a low-cost and flexible solution for the recycling of fines, dusts, slags and scales from electric steel production. During this project, an easy, on-site solution for the agglomeration of fine by-products from steel production has to be developed from lab scale to pilot production for industrial tests in steel plants. The solution is based on the stamp press as the central element of the agglomeration process. The stamp press provides the benefit of being easily adapted to different raw materials and different pressing parameters, such as pressing-force and -speed, or mold geometry. Further benefits are that the stamp press process requires less binding material than the pelletizing process, and that no drying process is required as is the case with the pelletizing process. Before advancing the agglomeration of by-products via stamp press to an industrial scale, different material recipes are produced in lab-scale experiments and the finished agglomerates are tested for their use as secondary raw materials in the EAF. Therefore, the tests focus on the chemical and thermal behavior of the agglomerates. Chemical behavior, volatilization and reduction behavior of the agglomerates were investigated by differential thermogravimetric analysis combined with mass spectroscopy (TGA-MS). In addition, two melts with different agglomerates are carried out in a technical-scale electric arc furnace to increase the sample size.

scholarly journals Cereal supply chain waste in the context of circular economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 03031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nastasia Belc ◽  
Gabriel Mustatea ◽  
Livia Apostol ◽  
Sorin Iorga ◽  
Valentin-Nicolae Vlăduţ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Single Cell Protein ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Biodegradable Material ◽  
By Products

Taking into consideration the circular economy context, from cereal production and processing result by-products and residues which can be transformed into the new raw materials. Straw, husks, brans, flours, bread waste, confectionary waste, so on, can be re-used using different processes such as: extraction, fermentation, microorganism cultivation, for obtaining added value products. These new products obtained can be: biofuels, enzymes, biodegradable material food contact, single cell protein, bio-adsorbent, nanoparticles, bio alcohol, bioactive compounds like fibres, phytochemicals, minerals, so on. This paper is a short review regarding sharing knowledge and good practices in implementing circular economy within food systems, specifically, cereal supply chain.

scholarly journals Using Recycled Materials in Packagings to Meet the Goals of Circular Economy

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ieva Kazulytė
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Hazardous Chemicals ◽  
Recycled Materials ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Packaging Waste ◽  
Secondary Raw Materials

Packaging waste that is not recycled or reused has a negative environmental effects and presents serious concern. At the same time, various secondary raw materials, which were used to produce packaging from recycled materials, can affect human health and the environment because they can contain harmful chemical substances. For this reason, it is necessary to investigate the existence of hazardous chemicals in recycled materials. This paper analyzes issues related to the production of packaging by using materials from recycled packaging waste with a focus on the influence of the hazardous substances that the waste may contain. This paper presents the results of a survey interviewing packaging manufacturers who use recycled materials in packaging, revealing problems that packaging manufacturers face in the manufacturing of packaging from recycled materials.

scholarly journals The Potential of Selected Agri-Food Loss and Waste to Contribute to a Circular Economy: Applications in the Food, Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Industries

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 515
Author(s):  
Lady Laura Del Rio Osorio ◽  
Edwin Flórez-López ◽  
Carlos David Grande-Tovar
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Food Loss ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Scarcity Of Resources ◽  
By Products

The food sector includes several large industries such as canned food, pasta, flour, frozen products, and beverages. Those industries transform agricultural raw materials into added-value products. The fruit and vegetable industry is the largest and fastest-growing segment of the world agricultural production market, which commercialize various products such as juices, jams, and dehydrated products, followed by the cereal industry products such as chocolate, beer, and vegetable oils are produced. Similarly, the root and tuber industry produces flours and starches essential for the daily diet due to their high carbohydrate content. However, the processing of these foods generates a large amount of waste several times improperly disposed of in landfills. Due to the increase in the world’s population, the indiscriminate use of natural resources generates waste and food supply limitations due to the scarcity of resources, increasing hunger worldwide. The circular economy offers various tools for raising awareness for the recovery of waste, one of the best alternatives to mitigate the excessive consumption of raw materials and reduce waste. The loss and waste of food as a raw material offers bioactive compounds, enzymes, and nutrients that add value to the food cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. This paper systematically reviewed literature with different food loss and waste by-products as animal feed, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical products that strongly contribute to the paradigm shift to a circular economy. Additionally, this review compiles studies related to the integral recovery of by-products from the processing of fruits, vegetables, tubers, cereals, and legumes from the food industry, with the potential in SARS-CoV-2 disease and bacterial diseases treatment.

scholarly journals Sustainable Management of Secondary Raw Materials from the Marine Food-Chain: A Case-Study Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8997
Author(s):  
Massimo Lucarini ◽  
Antonio Zuorro ◽  
Gabriella Di Lena ◽  
Roberto Lavecchia ◽  
Alessandra Durazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Fish Processing ◽  
Secondary Raw Materials ◽  
Marine Food ◽  
By Products

The feasibility of exploiting secondary raw materials from marine food-chains as a source of molecules of nutritional interest, to create high-value food products and to meet nutritional challenges, is described in this report. A reduction in food waste is urgent as many sectors of the food industry damage the environment by depleting resources and by generating waste that must be treated. The project herein described, deals with the recovery of natural molecules, omega-3 fatty acids (EPA, DHA) and of α-tocopherol, from fish processing by-products. This would promote the sustainable development of new food products for human nutrition, as well as nutraceuticals. The growing awareness of increasing omega-3 fatty acids intake, has focused attention on the importance of fish as a natural source of these molecules in the diet. Therefore, a study on the concentration of these bioactive compounds in such matrices, as well as new green methodologies for their recovery, are necessary. This would represent an example of a circular economy process applied to the seafood value chain. Fish processing by-products, so far considered as waste, can hopefully be reutilized as active ingredients into food products of high added-value, thus maximizing the sustainability of fish production.

Utilization of Local Waste Materials in High-Performance and Self-Compacting Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 990 ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Sayed Mohamad Soleimani ◽  
Abdel Rahman Alaqqad ◽  
Tahir Afrasiab ◽  
Adel Jumaah ◽  
Ali Behbehani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete ◽  
Arc Furnaces ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of using local waste materials on the properties of fresh and hardened high performance and self-compacting concrete. Crushed ceramic products and steel slag from electric-arc furnaces were used as partial replacements of traditional concrete raw materials in the production of self-compacting and high performance concrete, which were obtained from local factories in Kuwait. Preliminary results have shown that using crushed ceramic products (in the form of powder and 3/8” aggregates) increases the rate of strength gain as the concrete cures, while using electric-arc furnace slag increases the compressive strength of the benchmark concrete mix by up to 40%.

scholarly journals Proteins Derived from the Dairy Losses and By-Products as Raw Materials for Non-Food Applications

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Catarina Costa ◽  
Nuno G. Azoia ◽  
Lorena Coelho ◽  
Ricardo Freixo ◽  
Patrícia Batista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Food Applications ◽  
By Products

The disposal of a high volume of waste-containing proteins is becoming increasingly challenging in a society that is aware of what is happening in the environment. The dairy industry generates several by-products that contain vast amounts of compounds, including proteins that are of industrial importance and for which new uses are being sought. This article provides a comprehensive review of the potential of the valorisation of proteins that can be recovered by chemical and/or physical processes from protein-containing milk by-products or milk surplus, particularly whey proteins or caseins. Whey proteins and casein characteristics, and applications in non-food industries, with special emphasis on the textile industry, packaging and biomedical, are reported in this review, in order to provide knowledge and raise awareness of the sustainability of these proteins to potentiate new opportunities in a circular economy context.

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