scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Stack Emissions from Straight-Line and Zigzag Brick Kilns in Nepal

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangeet Nepal ◽  
Parth Mahapatra ◽  
Sagar Adhikari ◽  
Sujan Shrestha ◽  
Prakash Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Brick Kilns ◽  
Global Emission ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Carbon Mass Balance ◽  
Carbon Mass ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Stack Emissions ◽  
Pm2.5 Emissions

Nepal has approximately 1000 operational brick kilns, which contribute significantly to ambient air pollution. They also account for 1.81% of the total bricks produced in the South Asian region. Little is known about their emissions, which are consequently not represented in regional/global emission inventories. This study compared emissions from seven brick kilns. Four were Fixed Chimney Bull’s Trench Kilns (FCBTKs) and three were Induced-Draught Zigzag Kilns (IDZKs). The concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), black carbon (BC), and particulate matter (PM) with a diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) were measured. The respective emission factors (EFs) were estimated using the carbon mass balance method. The average fuel-based EF for CO2, SO2, PM2.5, and BC were estimated as 1633 ± 134, 22 ± 22, 3.8 ± 2.6 and 0.6 ± 0.2 g per kg, respectively, for all FCBTKs. Those for IDZKs were 1981 ± 232, 24 ± 22, 3.1 ± 1, and 0.4 ± 0.2 g per kg, respectively. Overall, the study found that converting the technology from straight-line kilns to zigzag kilns can reduce PM2.5 emissions by ~20% and BC emissions by ~30%, based on emission factor estimates of per kilogram of fuel. While considering per kilogram of fired brick, emission reductions were approximately 40% for PM2.5 and 55% for BC, but this definitely depends on proper stacking and firing procedures.

scholarly journals Characterizing Emissions from Agricultural Diesel Pumps in the Terai Region of Nepal

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagar Adhikari ◽  
Parth Mahapatra ◽  
Vikrant Sapkota ◽  
Siva Puppala
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Carbon Mass Balance ◽  
Carbon Mass ◽  
Fuel Mixtures ◽  
Indo Gangetic Plain

Diesel irrigation pumps are a source of air pollution in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP). The environmental implications of these pumps are often overlooked and very rarely addressed in the IGP. Few studies in the past have estimated the amount of diesel consumed by irrigation pumps in the IGP or other proxy variables to estimate the amount of emissions. A considerable amount of uncertainty remains in calculating emission factors (EF) using real-time measurements. We measured pollutants from nine diesel irrigation pumps in the southern ‘Terai’ belt of Nepal. Fuel-based EF were then estimated using the carbon mass balance method. The average EF for fine particulate matter (PM2.5), CO2, CO and black carbon (BC) were found to be 22.11 ± 3.71, 2218.10 ± 26.8, 275 ± 17.18 and 2.54 ± 0.71 g/L, respectively. Depending upon the pump characteristics (age, design, make, hours used, etc.) and fuel mixtures, the EF of PM2.5, BC and CO had larger inter-variability. This study provides estimates for an under-represented source of ambient air pollution which will assist in the development of better emission inventories and informed policy making.

scholarly journals Impact on Population Health of Baltic Shipping Emissions

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Barregard ◽  
Peter Molnàr ◽  
Jan Eiof Jonson ◽  
Leo Stockfelt
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Pm2.5 Emissions

Emission of pollutants from shipping contributes to ambient air pollution. Our aim was to estimate exposure to particulate air pollution (PM2.5) and health effects from shipping in countries around the Baltic Sea, as well as effects of the sulfur regulations for fuels enforced in 2015 by the Baltic Sulfur Emission Control Area (SECA). Yearly PM2.5 emissions, from ship activity data and emission inventories in 2014 and 2016, were estimated. Concentrations and population exposure (0.1° × 0.1°) of PM2.5 were estimated from a chemical transport mode, meteorology, and population density. Excess mortality and morbidity were estimated using established exposure-response (ER) functions. Estimated mean PM2.5 per inhabitant from Baltic shipping was 0.22 µg/m3 in 2014 in ten countries, highest in Denmark (0.57 µg/m3). For the ER function with the steepest slope, the number of estimated extra premature deaths was 3413 in total, highest in Germany and lowest in Norway. It decreased by about 35% in 2016 (after SECA), a reduction of >1000 cases. In addition, 1500 non-fatal cases of ischemic heart disease and 1500 non-fatal cases of stroke in 2014 caused by Baltic shipping emissions were reduced by the same extent in 2016. In conclusion, PM2.5 emissions from Baltic shipping, and resulting health impacts decreased substantially after the SECA regulations in 2015.

scholarly journals The Ill Health Effects of Pollution

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Mr. Lodangi Nagakrishna ◽  
Dr. Vijay Thawani
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Air pollution is the global problem that affects each and every organism on the earth. Air pollution is caused by human activities or by natural processes, which increases gases like carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), Nitrogen oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM),  ozone(O3) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the environment. According to world health organization (WHO) 29% of lung cancer, 17% of Acute lower respiratory infections, 43% of Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, 24% of deaths due to stroke and 25% of Ischemic heart disease are due to ambient air pollution

STATISTICAL METHODS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF AIR POLLUTION OF JHANSI CITY, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. CHAUHAN ◽  
BHANUMATI SINGH ◽  
SHREE GANESH ◽  
JAMSHED ZAIDI
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Status

Studies on air pollution in large cities of India showed that ambient air pollution concentrations are at such levels where serious health effects are possible. This paper presents overview on the status of air quality index (AQI) of Jhansi city by using multivariate statistical techniques. This base line data can help governmental and non-governmental organizations for the management of air pollution.

Key Aspects of Assessing Effectiveness and Efficiency of Implementation of the Federal Clean Air Project on the Example of the Comprehensive Emission Reduction Action Plan in Nizhny Tagil

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-60
Author(s):  
SV Yarushin ◽  
DV Kuzmin ◽  
AA Shevchik ◽  
TM Tsepilova ◽  
VB Gurvich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Key issues of assessing effectiveness and economic efficiency of implementing the Federal Clean Air Project by public health criteria are considered based on the example of the Comprehensive Emission Reduction Action Plan realized in the city of Nizhny Tagil, Sverdlovsk Region. Materials and methods: We elaborated method approaches and reviewed practical aspects of evaluating measures taken in 2018–2019 at key urban industrial enterprises accounting for 95 % of stationary source emissions. Results: Summary calculations of ambient air pollution and carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic inhalation health risks including residual risks, evaluation of the impact of air quality on urban mortality and morbidity rates, economic assessment of prevented morbidity and premature mortality cases have enabled us not only to estimate health effects but also to develop guidelines for development and implementation of actions aimed at enhancing effectiveness and efficiency of industrial emission reduction in terms of health promotion of the local population. Conclusions: We substantiate proposals for the necessity and sufficiency of taking remedial actions ensuring achievement of acceptable health risk levels as targets of the Comprehensive Emission Reduction Action Plan in Nizhny Tagil until 2024 and beyond.

scholarly journals Differential Effect of Ambient Air Pollution Exposure on Risk of Gestational Hypertension and Preeclampsia

Hypertension ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 384-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie J. Nobles ◽  
Andrew Williams ◽  
Marion Ouidir ◽  
Seth Sherman ◽  
Pauline Mendola
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Differential Effect ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Pollution Exposure
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