scholarly journals Relationship between Air Temperature Change and Southern Baltic Coastal Lagoons Ice Conditions

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 931
Author(s):  
Józef Piotr Girjatowicz ◽  
Małgorzata Świątek
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Coastal Lagoons ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Baltic Coast ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
Southern Baltic

The relationship between air temperature (mainly winter, December-March) in Świnoujście, Gdynia, and Elbląg and ice parameters (dates of the first ice and disappearance of the last ice, the length of the ice season, number of days with ice, maximum ice height) of southern Baltic coastal lagoons (Szczecin, Puck, and Vistula) was investigated. Trends in these parameters were determined, too. The observation material comes from the archives of the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management and spanned the winters from 1950/51 through to 2019/20. Relationships between the selected ice parameters for the study basins and the values of air temperature were examined using correlation and regression methods. The regression equations and trends, as well as their correlation and determination coefficients, were determined. The statistical significance of these relationships was examined using the Fisher-Snedecor test. Strong correlations between ice parameters values and air temperature were obtained, characterized by high values of both correlation coefficients and statistical significance. All trends of ice parameters indicate mitigation of ice conditions. An acceleration in both temperature and ice condition mildening occurred in the late 1980s, and especially in the last years of the study period. These trends, except the first ice date, are statistically significant, some even at α < 0.001. The length of the ice season becomes significantly shorter, the number of days with ice and the maximum thickness is smaller, and the last ice is disappearing early. An increase in the correlation and determination coefficients and a characterized trend of ice parameters values towards the East was found. It shows the increased impact of a warming climate in this direction on the southern Baltic coast. Strong correlations and trends may be of prognostic significance.

Relationships between the Baltic Sea ice extent and ice parameters in the sheltered basins of the southern Baltic coast

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-303
Author(s):  
Józef P. Girjatowicz ◽  
Małgorzata Świątek
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Coastal Lagoons ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Baltic Coast ◽  
Southern Baltic ◽  
The Baltic

AbstractIn the study, archive data on the maximum annual ice extent in the Baltic Sea (MIB) for the period 1961–2018 were used. They were obtained from the FIMR database. Data on ice parameters for the four largest southern Baltic coastal lakes: Jamno, Bukowo, Gardno and Łebsko, and for Szczecin, Puck, and Vistula Lagoons, come from the Maritime Branch of Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute (in Polish: Instytut Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej – Panstwowy Instytut Badawczy, IMGW-PIB) in Gdynia. The time series for the lakes cover the years from 1960 to 2018, and for the lagoons – from 1946 to 2018. Three ice parameters were selected for this study: the number of days with ice, the duration of the ice season and the maximum ice thickness for a given winter. Relationships between the selected ice parameters for the studied basins and the MIB were examined using correlation and regression methods.Correlations between the MIB and values of the ice parameters for the lakes and the southern Baltic coastal lagoons do not differ significantly. Considerable differences are observed amongst the correlation coefficients for individual ice parameters and the MIB.Larger differences are found in relationships between the values of individual ice parameters in the sheltered basins and the MIB. The strongest correlation with the MIB is observed for the maximum ice thickness and the number of days with ice.

Heat Power Determination of Dv-290 Refrigerator’s Evaporator on the Basis of Thermodynamic Parameters of Inlet Air / Określenie Mocy Cieplnej Parownika Chłodziarki Dv-290 Na Podstawie Parametrów Termodynamicznych Powietrza Wlotowego

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 911-920
Author(s):  
Bernard Nowak ◽  
Zbigniew Kuczera
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Parameters ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Specific Humidity ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Evaporation And Condensation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Given

Abstract The present paper introduces a method for calculating the thermal power of DV-290 mining air cooler’s evaporator. The power usually differs from the nominal power given by the manufacturer. The thermodynamic parameters of cooled air are not obtained as a result of in situ measurements, but in indirect manner that is by determining the evaporation and condensation’s pressure values of R407C refrigerant. The pressure dependencies formulated as a function of air enthalpy at the evaporator’s inlet were obtained using calculations of a computer program which solves the system of equations describing heat and mass transfer in the refrigerator’s compressor on the basis of previous measurements of air performed before and after its cooling. The obtained dependencies are demonstrated in a graphical (fig. 2 and fig. 3) and analytical (the regression equations (19) and (20)) manner, the values of correlation coefficients are also presented. For the known evaporation and condensation pressure values of the refrigerant, and thus for its basic physical parameters the complete thermal power of the evaporator was determined, that is its: air cooling overt power, dehumidification occult power, temperature, relative humidity and specific humidity of air after its cooling. In addition, using the mentioned method, the capacity of DV-290 refrigerator’s evaporator is provided for the given thermodynamic parameters of air before cooling, along with air thermodynamic parameters after cooling.

scholarly journals Sex and age-specific differences in wing pointedness and wing length in blackcaps Sylvia atricapilla migrating through the southern Baltic coast

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Ożarowska ◽  
Grzegorz Zaniewicz ◽  
Włodzimierz Meissner
Keyword(s):  
Wing Length ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Sylvia Atricapilla ◽  
Climatic Effects ◽  
Migration Distance ◽  
Baltic Coast ◽  
Southern Baltic ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Migrating Birds

Abstract The blackcap Sylvia atricapilla shows a complex migratory pattern and is a suitable species for the studies of morphological migratory syndrome, including adaptations of wing shape to different migratory performance. Obligate migrants of this species that breed in northern, central, and Eastern Europe differ by migration distance and some cover shorter distance to the wintering grounds in the southern part of Europe/North Africa or the British Isles, although others migrate to sub-Saharan Africa. Based on ˃40 years of ringing data on blackcaps captured during autumn migration in the Southern Baltic region, we studied age- and sex-related correlations in wing pointedness and wing length of obligate blackcap migrants to understand the differences in migratory behavior of this species. Even though the recoveries of blackcaps were scarce, we reported some evidence that individuals which differ in migration distance differed also in wing length. We found that wing pointedness significantly increased with an increasing wing length of migrating birds, and adults had longer and more pointed wings than juvenile birds. This indicates stronger antipredator adaptation in juvenile blackcaps than selection on flight efficiency, which is particularly important during migration. Moreover, we documented more pronounced differences in wing length between adult and juvenile males and females. Such differences in wing length may enhance a faster speed of adult male blackcaps along the spring migration route and may be adaptive when taking into account climatic effects, which favor earlier arrival from migration to the breeding grounds.

scholarly journals Variations of indicative dates of ice regime on Lake Onego based on ground air temperature

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav N. Baklagin
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Early Formation ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Ice Regime ◽  
Break Up ◽  
Ice Period ◽  
Ice Phenomena

The paper shows the changes in the dates (complete freeze-up, ±5 days/°C and complete ice clearance, ±3 days/°C) of the ice regime in Lake Onego depending on changes in average air temperature within the preceding two-month periods (autumn and spring). The regression equations for their calculation based on previous three- and four-month periods according to the 2000-2018 data are also provided. Indicative dates of ice regime based on accumulated air temperatures within the ice period of Lake Onego were also established (early formation of ice phenomena, complete freeze-up phase, beginning of the break-up phase and complete ice clearance). Together with the data on expected air temperature above the lake’s surface, these dependencies enable us to predict the indicative dates of the ice regime.

Modelling morphological changes of beach and dune induced by storm on the Southern Baltic coast using XBeach (case study: Dziwnow Spit)

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 672-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Bugajny ◽  
Kazimierz Furmańczyk ◽  
Joanna Dudzińska-Nowak ◽  
Barbara Paplińska-Swerpel
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Baltic Coast ◽  
Southern Baltic
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