scholarly journals A Laboratory Investigation of the Probable Mechanisms of the Action of an Artificial Thunderstorm Cell on Model Aircraft Radomes

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1637
Author(s):  
Nikolay Lysov ◽  
Alexander Temnikov ◽  
Leonid Chernensky ◽  
Alexander Orlov ◽  
Olga Belova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Polarity ◽  
Large Magnitude ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Model Aircraft ◽  
Lightning Discharges ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Discharge Formation

The results of experimental laboratory investigations of possible mechanisms of the impact of lightning and thunderclouds on aircraft radomes and equipment inside them are presented. An artificial thunderstorm cell of negative polarity and model aircraft radomes with lightning diverter strips have been used. Experiments have shown that the discharge processes in a radome model significantly depend on the magnitude of the charge that accumulates on the inner and outer surfaces of the radome shell. It is established that the accumulation of large-magnitude charges of different signs on the outer and/or inner surface of the radome (up to hundreds of µC/m2) shell leads to a multivariance of the mechanisms of development of discharge processes inside the radome model, along its surface, and in the space near it. Significant influence of the “reverse” discharge from the antenna model under the radome on the types of current impulses recorded on the antennas under impact of the artificial thunderstorm cell is established. Peculiarities of the discharge formation in the radome model when using solid and segmented diverter strips for its protection are revealed. Parameters of the current impulses registered on the diverter strips and the antennas have been determined. Based on the conducted research, the possible mechanisms of the impact of thunderclouds and lightning discharges on radio-transparent aircraft radomes and the equipment inside them are considered.

scholarly journals Increment in the volcanic unrest and number of eruptions after the 2012 large earthquakes sequence in Central America

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gino González ◽  
Eisuke Fujita ◽  
Bunichiro Shibazaki ◽  
Takumi Hayashida ◽  
Giovanni Chiodini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Dynamic Stress ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Large Magnitude ◽  
Tectonic Earthquakes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Large Earthquakes

AbstractUnderstanding the relationship cause/effect between tectonic earthquakes and volcanic eruptions is a striking topic in Earth Sciences. Volcanoes erupt with variable reaction times as a consequence of the impact of seismic waves (i.e. dynamic stress) and changes in the stress field (i.e. static stress). In 2012, three large (Mw ≥ 7.3) subduction earthquakes struck Central America within a period of 10 weeks; subsequently, some volcanoes in the region erupted a few days after, while others took months or even years to erupt. Here, we show that these three earthquakes contributed to the increase in the number of volcanic eruptions during the 7 years that followed these seismic events. We found that only those volcanoes that were already in a critical state of unrest eventually erupted, which indicates that the earthquakes only prompted the eruptions. Therefore, we recommend the permanent monitoring of active volcanoes to reveal which are more susceptible to culminate into eruption in the aftermath of the next large-magnitude earthquake hits a region.

scholarly journals An Autochthonous Outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 P.1 Variant of Concern in Southern Italy, April 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Daniela Loconsole ◽  
Anna Sallustio ◽  
Francesca Centrone ◽  
Daniele Casulli ◽  
Maurizio Mario Ferrara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Gene Target ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mild Clinical Presentation

The SARS-CoV-2 P.1 variant of concern (VOC) was first identified in Brazil and is now spreading in European countries. It is characterized by the E484K mutation in the receptor-binding domain, which could contribute to the evasion from neutralizing antibodies. In Italy, this variant was first identified in January 2021. Here, we report an autochthonous outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 P.1 variant infections in southern Italy in subjects who had not travelled to endemic areas or outside the Apulia region. The outbreak involved seven subjects, three of whom had received a COVID-19 vaccine (one had received two doses and two had received one dose). Four patients had a mild clinical presentation. Laboratory investigations of nasopharyngeal swabs revealed that all strains were S-gene target failure-negative and molecular tests revealed they were the P.1 variant. Whole-genome sequencing confirmed that five subjects were infected with closely related strains classified as the P.1 lineage. The circulation of VOCs highlights the importance of strictly monitoring the spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants through genomic surveillance and of investigating local outbreaks. Furthermore, public health measures including social distancing, screening, and quarantine for travelers are key tools to slow down the viral transmission and to contain and mitigate the impact of VOC diffusion, and rapid scaling-up of vaccination is crucial to avoid a possible new epidemic wave.

scholarly journals Business cycle synchronization of a small open EU-candidate country’s economy with the EU economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 609-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Filipovski ◽  
Predrag Trpeski ◽  
Jane Bogoev
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycles ◽  
Business Cycle ◽  
Candidate Country ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Large Magnitude ◽  
Euro Zone ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The objectives of this paper are to empirically identify business cycles in a small open EU-candidate country such as the Republic of Macedonia and to assess the degree of synchronization of the country?s business cycle with the cycle of the EU economy. Towards the first objective, we apply linear and non-linear methods for delineating the production gap cycle in the Macedonian economy. As for the second objective, we apply autoregressive methods to assess the size and speed of cyclical adjustment of the Macedonian economy to output shocks to the Euro-zone economy. The results of our analysis suggest a high degree of synchronization of the Macedonian business cycles with the cycles of the EU economy. Also, the shocks in economic activity in the Euro-zone economy are transmitted almost instantaneously, and with a large magnitude, to the Macedonian economy. Finally, the impact of the Euro-zone output contraction is less pronounced than the impact of the Euro-zone output expansion, suggesting an impact of the country?s autonomous countercyclical economic policies.

scholarly journals Efficient maintenance method for water supply facilities focused on the carbonation of concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-188
Author(s):  
Masaki Fujita ◽  
Shoichi Iwasaki ◽  
Keinosuke Inoko ◽  
Kenji Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Surface Coating ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Concrete Cover ◽  
Cover Depth ◽  
Concrete Deterioration ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Published Research

Abstract In water supply facilities such as distribution reservoirs, the inner surface of reinforced concrete (RC) tanks is often coated with resin paint or the concrete cover depth is increased to protect the concrete from surface deterioration. However, there is little published research on carbonation – one of the main causes of concrete deterioration – in relation to RC tanks, leaving room for improvement with regard to methods for preventing surface deterioration. This study discusses the impact of surface coating and environmental conditions on the carbonation rate of concrete based on a survey of the present state of RC tanks of the Sapporo Waterworks Bureau. Coating was found to have an inhibitory effect on carbonation. Because the carbonation rate of concrete used for the inside and outside of RC tanks was slow, the sufficient concrete cover depth to protect rebar from carbonation while in service was found to be 75 mm for RC tanks without coating.

Laboratory Investigations on the Effects of Bacteria on Fine-Grained Soils

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 352-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sowmya ◽  
P.S. Meenu ◽  
R. Asha Latha ◽  
Devendra Narain Singh
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Prospective Application ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Geotechnical Problems ◽  
Long Term Studies

Over the years, the field of geotechnical engineering focused on physical, chemical and mechanical aspects of the geomaterials. However, recent developments in environmental geotechnics have highlighted the impact of biological processes on geo-materials and their performance. Also, the present day geotechnical problems favour biological interventions to develop eco-friendly and sustainable technology. In view of this, the present study is a preliminary investigation on the impact of microbial loading on fine-grained soils. In addition, a protocol has been developed to establish ‘bio-geo interface’ between bacteria and the geo-material. However, long term studies are demanded in this direction for in-depth understanding of the mechanism for development of prospective application.

scholarly journals Narrowing the Range of Future Climate Projections Using Historical Observations of Atmospheric CO2

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 3039-3053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben B. B. Booth ◽  
Glen R. Harris ◽  
James M. Murphy ◽  
Jo I. House ◽  
Chris D. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
System Model ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Magnitude Response ◽  
Large Magnitude ◽  
Strong Constraint ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Perturbed Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Climate Responses

Uncertainty in the behavior of the carbon cycle is important in driving the range in future projected climate change. Previous comparisons of model responses with historical CO2 observations have suggested a strong constraint on simulated projections that could narrow the range considered plausible. This study uses a new 57-member perturbed parameter ensemble of variants of an Earth system model for three future scenarios, which 1) explores a wider range of potential climate responses than before and 2) includes the impact of past uncertainty in carbon emissions on simulated trends. These two factors represent a more complete exploration of uncertainty, although they lead to a weaker constraint on the range of future CO2 concentrations as compared to earlier studies. Nevertheless, CO2 observations are shown to be effective at narrowing the distribution, excluding 30 of 57 simulations as inconsistent with historical CO2 changes. The perturbed model variants excluded are mainly at the high end of the future projected CO2 changes, with only 8 of the 26 variants projecting RCP8.5 2100 concentrations in excess of 1100 ppm retained. Interestingly, a minority of the high-end variants were able to capture historical CO2 trends, with the large-magnitude response emerging later in the century (owing to high climate sensitivities, strong carbon feedbacks, or both). Comparison with observed CO2 is effective at narrowing both the range and distribution of projections out to the mid-twenty-first century for all scenarios and to 2100 for a scenario with low emissions.

scholarly journals Corrigendum to "Laboratory investigations of the impact of mineral dust aerosol on cold cloud formation" published in Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11955–11968, 2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4025-4025
Author(s):  
K. A. Koehler ◽  
S. M. Kreidenweis ◽  
P. J. DeMott ◽  
M. D. Petters ◽  
A. J. Prenni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Chem Phys ◽  
Dust Aerosol ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF CEREBRAL TOLERANCE TO ISCHEMIA (REVIEW. PART 2)

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
E. V. Shlyakhto ◽  
E. R. Barantsevich ◽  
N. S. Shcherbak ◽  
M. M. Galagudza
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Ischemic And Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant ◽  
The Impact

In the 2nd part the authors describe in details the main aspects of protective effect of preconditioning of the brain: inhibition of programmed cell death, weakening of phenomenon of excitotoxicity, activation of endogenous antioxidant systems, anti-inflammatory effects, modulation of glial cell function, changes in regional blood flow and vascular reactivity. In addition, data analysis on the impact of preconditioning on brain neurogenesis, the state of the blood-brain barrier, ion homeostasis and metabolism of neurons is presented. Review emphasizes the role of microRNAs in mechanisms of ischemic tolerance of brain. Profound understanding of molecular mechanisms of increased tolerance of brain to ischemic and reperfusion injury requires the implementation of this phenomenon in clinical practice. 

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF THE STATE OF INTERNAL SURFACES OF A SUPERCRITICAL WATER LOOP AFTER A SESSION OF IRRADIATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 180-182
Author(s):  
A.I. Azarov ◽  
A.S. Bakai ◽  
V.N. Boriskin ◽  
V.A. Bocharov ◽  
Yu.V. Gorenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Austenitic Steel ◽  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Active Oxygen ◽  
The State ◽  
Experimental Session ◽  
Internal Surfaces ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
The Impact

Made of austenitic steel at the NSC KIPT, the supercritical water convection loop Loop-1a was running for more than 500 hours in the first experimental session (in 2011). The materials tested in the loop were placed into a stream of water (more than 50 g/s) at a temperature of 350…400°C, a pressure of 23…25 MPa, and were irradiated by an electron beam with an energy of 10 MeV. Sediments that emerged on the inner surface of the loop were examined. The sediment mainly consisted of compounds of calcium and iron mixed with other elements. There is a possibility to increase corrosion induced by radiation due to dislocation damage, hydrogenation of metal and under the impact of active oxygen.

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