Evaluation of Italian Simplified Matrix Test for Speech-Recognition Measurements in Noise

This study aimed at the evaluation of a simplified Italian matrix test (SiIMax) for speech-recognition measurements in noise for adults and children. Speech-recognition measurements with adults and children were conducted to examine the training effect and to establish reference speech-recognition thresholds of 50% (SRT50) and 80% (SRT80) correct responses. Test-list equivalency was evaluated only with adults. Twenty adults and 96 children—aged between 5 and 10 years—participated. Evaluation measurements with the adults confirmed the equivalence of the test lists, with a mean SRT50 of −8.0 dB and a standard deviation of 0.2 dB across the test lists. The test-specific slope (the average of the list-specific slopes) was 11.3%/dB, with a standard deviation of 0.6%/dB. For both adults and children, only one test list of 14 phrases needs to be presented to account for the training effect. For the adults, adaptive measurements of the SRT50 and SRT80 showed mean values of −7.0 ± 0.6 and −4.5 ± 1.1 dB, respectively. For children, a slight influence of age on the SRT was observed. The mean SRT50s were −5.6 ± 1.2, −5.8 ± 1.2 and −6.6 ± 1.3 dB for the children aged 5–6, 7–8 and 9–10 years, respectively. The corresponding SRT80s were −1.5 ± 2.7, −3.0 ± 1.7 and −3.7 ± 1.4 dB. High test–retest reliabilities of 1.0 and 1.1 dB for the SRT80 were obtained for the adults and children, respectively. This makes the test suitable for accurate and reliable speech-recognition measurements.

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Fourth ventricle computed tomography indexes: standardisation and characteristics in neurocysticercosis

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/s0004-282x2002000200005 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 60 (2A) ◽

pp. 211-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Svetlana Agapejev

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Fourth Ventricle ◽

Control Group ◽

Mean Values ◽

Lateral Ventricles ◽

The Mean ◽

Ventricular Shunting

OBJECTIVES: to propose standardisation of fourth ventricle dimensions and to study its characteristics in neurocysticercosis. METHOD: a control group (CG) constituted by 114 individuals with normal CT, and 80 patients with neurocysticercosis composed the group with neurocysticercosis (GN). Measures of the inner cranial diameter (Cr), fronto-polar distance between both lateral ventricles (FP), antero-posterior (AP) and latero-lateral (LL) fourth ventricle width based the standardisation of six indexes. RESULTS: AP/Cr, AP/LL and AP/FP were the more discriminative indexes, presenting in CG the mean values of 0.063, 0.267 and 0.582, respectively. The indexes in GN had values statistically higher than in CG. From GN, 51patients had increased indexes values above 2 standard deviation of the CG mean. AP/Ll was > or = 1 in 95% of patients with ventricular shunting and in 88% with depression. It also occurred in 73% patients with satisfactory follow-up and in everybody who died. CONCLUSION: AP/Cr, AP/LL and AP/FP may represent fourth ventricle dimensions.

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Comparison of Four Radiographic Angular Measures of Lumbar Lordosis

Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice ◽

10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_508_17 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 09 (03) ◽

pp. 298-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Francis Osita Okpala

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Lumbar Lordosis ◽

Joint Angle ◽

Mean Values ◽

Normal Individuals ◽

Wide Range ◽

Normal Mean ◽

The Mean ◽

Range Of Values

ABSTRACT Background: Several attempts (radiographic and nonradiographic) have been made to measure the lumbar lordosis (LL), but the results differ substantially as investigators have used different parameters. Radiography is the gold standard, and the methods include lumbosacral angle (LSA), lumbosacral joint angle (LSJA), Cobb angle, and tangential radiologic assessment of LL (TRALL) angle. The traditional method, the Cobb technique, has a wide range of normal mean values, with a large standard deviation. Using a more reliable radiographic angle will hopefully simply and standardize LL measurement in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of patients. Aim: To compare in normal individuals with fully developed LL the LSA, LSJA, TRALL, and Cobb angles, by determining (a) if any correlation exists between them and (b) the most reliable measures of LL, based on, least (i) number of measurement lines, (ii) range of values, (iii) mean, (iv) standard deviation, and (v) variance. Materials and Methods: The four angles were retrospectively measured in each supine lateral lumbosacral radiograph of 100 males and 100 females, aged 15 years and above. Data were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0 (NY, USA); P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: No correlation existed between the mean values of the four angles, and in each angle, there was no male-versus-female correlation. LSJA had the best reliability criteria for LL measurement. Conclusion: The mean LSA, LSJA, TRALL, and Cobb angles have no significant Pearson's correlation, and of the four angular measures of LL, LSJA was the most reliable.

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Statistical Analysis of Homogeneous Systems of Polar Coordinates

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100051253 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 469

Author(s):

E. Proverbio ◽

S. Uras

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Polar Coordinates ◽

Mean Values ◽

Homogeneous Systems ◽

The Mean

AbstractIn 1972, Proverbio and Quesada compiled a list of seven homogeneous systems of polar coordinates expressed in tenths of years adopted by different authors. In the paper, the authors try to determine the internal correlation of the different systems of coordinates so as to represent the precision of each series for different frequency ranges. The analysis of the standard deviation of the raw residuals of the differences between the coordinates of each series and the mean values from the smoothed curve of the residuals provided further information about the accuracy of the same series of polar coordinates.

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Statistical analysis of wind resource and energy potential assessment of Quaidabad site, Sindh Pakistan

Journal of Engineering Design and Technology ◽

10.1108/jedt-04-2020-0129 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Zahid Hussain Hulio ◽

Gm Yousufzai ◽

Wei Jiang

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Wind Speed ◽

Energy Density ◽

Wind Shear ◽

Economic Assessment ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Content Type ◽

Mean Values ◽

The Mean ◽

Wind Resource

Purpose Pakistan is an energy starving country that needs continuous supply of energy to keep up its economic speed. The aim of this paper is to assess the wind resource and energy potential of Quaidabad site for minimizing the dependence on fuels and improving the environment. Design/methodology/approach The Quaidabad site wind shear coefficient and turbulence intensity factor are investigated. The two-parameter k and c Weibull distribution function is used to analyze the wind speed of site. The standard deviation of the site is also assessed for a period of a year. The wind power density and energy density are assessed for a period of a year. The economic assessment of energy/kWh is investigated for selection of appropriate wind turbine. Findings The mean wind shear coefficient was observed to be 0.2719, 0.2191 and 0.1698 at 20, 40 and 60 m, respectively, for a period of a year. The mean wind speed is found to be 2.961, 3.563, 3.907 and 4.099 m/s at 20, 40, 60 and 80 m, respectively. The mean values of k parameters were observed to be 1.563, 2.092, 2.434 and 2.576 at 20, 40, 60 and 80 m, respectively, for a period of a year. The mean values of c m/s parameter were found to be 3.341, 4.020, 4.408 and 4.625 m/s at 20, 40, 60 and 80 m, respectively, for a period of a year. The major portion of values of standard deviation was found to be in between 0.1 and 2.00 at 20, 40, 60 and 80 m. The wind power density (W/m2) sum total values were observed to be 351, 597, 792 and 923 W/m2 at 20, 40, 60 and 80 m, respectively, for a period of a year. The mean coefficient of variation was found to be 0.161, 0.130, 0.115 and 0.105 at 20, 40, 60 and 80 m, respectively. The sum total energy density was observed to be 1,157, 2,156, 2,970 and 3,778 kWh/m2 at 20, 40, 60 and 80 m, respectively. The economic assessment is showing that wind turbine E has the minimum cost US$0.049/kWh. Originality/value The Quaidabad site is suitable for installing the utility wind turbines for energy generation at the lowest cost.

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Variability of resting respiratory drive and timing in healthy subjects

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1988.65.1.309 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 309-317 ◽

Cited By ~ 144

Author(s):

M. J. Tobin ◽

M. J. Mador ◽

S. M. Guenther ◽

R. F. Lodato ◽

M. A. Sackner

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Breathing Pattern ◽

Respiratory Drive ◽

Inspiratory Time ◽

Mean Values ◽

Coefficients Of Variation ◽

The Mean ◽

Older Subjects ◽

Young Subjects

Studies of breathing pattern have focused primarily on changes in the mean values of the breathing pattern components, whereas there has been minimal investigation of breath-to-breath variability, which should provide information on the constancy with which respiration is controlled. In this study we examined the variability of breathing pattern both on a breath-to-breath and day-to-day basis by calculating the coefficient of variation (i.e., the standard deviation expressed as a percentage of the mean). By examining breath-to-breath data, we found that the coefficients of variation of tidal volume (VT) and fractional inspiratory time (TI/TT, an index of timing) obtained with an inductive plethysmograph and spirometer were within 1% of each other. Examination of breath-to-breath variability in breathing pattern over a 15-min period in 65 subjects revealed large coefficients of variation, indicating the need to base calculations on a relatively large number of breaths. Less breath-to-breath variability was observed in respiratory frequency [f, 20.8 +/- 11.5% (SD)] and TI/TT (17.9 +/- 6.5%) than in VT (33 +/- 14.9%) and mean inspiratory flow (VT/TI, an index of drive; 31.6 +/- 12.6%; P less than 0.0001). Older subjects (60-81 yr) displayed greater breath-to-breath variability than young subjects (21-50 yr). Use of a mouthpiece did not affect the degree of variability.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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In-vivo singlet oxygen threshold doses for PDT

Photonics and Lasers in Medicine ◽

10.1515/plm-2014-0037 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Timothy C. Zhu ◽

Michele M. Kim ◽

Xing Liang ◽

Jarod C. Finlay ◽

Theresa M. Busch

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Singlet Oxygen ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Mean Values ◽

Threshold Doses ◽

The Mean

AbstractObjective:Dosimetry of singlet oxygen (Material and methods:AnResults:The mean values (standard deviation) of theConclusions:The experimental results of [

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Application the SBAS/EGNOS Corrections in UAV Positioning

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14030739 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 739

Author(s):

Kamil Krasuski ◽

Damian Wierzbicki

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Single Point ◽

Gps Receiver ◽

Weighted Mean ◽

Mean Values ◽

Navigation Data ◽

Aerial Vehicle ◽

Weighted Model ◽

The Mean ◽

Better Than

The paper presents a new concept of determining the resultant position of a UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) based on individual SBAS (Satellite-Based Augmentation System) determinations from all available EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service) satellites for the SPP (Single Point Positioning) code method. To achieve this, the authors propose a weighted mean model to integrate EGNOS data. The weighted model was based on the inverse of the square of the mean position error along the component axes of the BLh ellipsoidal frame. The calculations included navigation data from the EGNOS S123, S126, S136 satellites. In turn, the resultant UAV position model was determined using the Scilab v.6.0.0 software. Based on the proposed computational strategy, the mean values of the UAV BLh coordinates’ standard deviation were better than 0.2 m (e.g., 0.0000018° = 0.01″ in angular measurement). Additionally, the numerical solution used made it possible to increase the UAV’s position accuracy by about 29% for Latitude, 46% for Longitude and 72% for ellipsoidal height compared to the standard SPP positioning in the GPS receiver. It is also worth noting that the standard deviation of the UAV position calculated from the weighted mean model improved by about 21 ÷ 50% compared to the arithmetic mean model’s solution. It can be concluded that the proposed research method allows for a significant improvement in the accuracy of UAV positioning with the use of EGNOS augmentation systems.

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Surface Hardness of Hybrid Ionomer with Different Curing Time (In Vitro Study)

UI Proceedings on Health and Medicine ◽

10.7454/uiphm.v1i0.32 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

Author(s):

Arfita Sipahutar ◽

Astrid Yudhit ◽

Rusfian Rusfian

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Surface Hardness ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Hardness Test ◽

Curing Time ◽

Mean Values ◽

The Mean ◽

One Way Anova ◽

Group 1

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface hardness of hybrid ionomer with different curing times (20, 30, 40, and 50 seconds).Methods: This was an experimental laboratory with posttest only group design. Twenty-four disk shape hybrid ionomer specimens with a diameter of 5 mm and 2 mm in thickness were prepared and polymerized with Quartz Tungsten Halogen (QTH) for 20, 30, 40, and 50 seconds as group 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively. All samples were immersed in distilled water under 37°C temperature for 24 hours as initial treatment. Surface hardness test was done using Vickers Hardness Test with load 50 gf for 20 second. The Data was analyzed with one way ANOVA (p ≤ 0.05).Results: Using one way anova test (p ≤ 0.05) shows the mean and standard deviation of the group 1 is 25,900 ± 2,5659VHN; group 2 is 29,800 ± 1,1983 VHN; group 3 is 31,283 ± 0,5037 VHN; group 4 is 36, 183 ± 2,3430 VHN and the obtained value p = 0.000 (p ≤ 0.05).The mean values and standard deviation were 25.900 ± 2.5659 VHN; 29.800 ± 1.1983 VHN; 31.283 ±0.5037 VHN; 6.183 ± 2.3430 VHN for group 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively. Statistic analyzed showed a significant different among groups with p value =0.000 (p < 0.05).Conclusion There are significant differences in surface hardness of hybrid ionomer with different curing time (20, 30,40, and 50 seconds). The longer curing time will increase the surface hardness of hybrid ionomer.

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Training effect on performance of mediolateral episiotomies for obstetricians and midwives

10.21203/rs.2.20044/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Baihui Zhao ◽

Yuan Chen ◽

Fangfang Xi ◽

Tian Dong ◽

Yuqun Pu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Professional Training ◽

Training Effect ◽

Mean Values ◽

Mediolateral Episiotomy ◽

Training History ◽

Before And After ◽

Special Paper ◽

The Mean ◽

Two Parameters ◽

Simulated Training

Abstract Background: Simulation as an extensive used method for obstetric education is usually practiced for beginners, here we offered a course with simulated practice of performing a mediolateral episiotomy (MLE) for obstetricians and midwives in different seniority, and to evaluate the training effect on their knowledge and accuracy of cutting a MLE before and after the course.Methods: 82 participants were recruited at three different obstetric centers, included 35 obstetricians and 47 midwives. More than 5 years obstetric work in their careers were deemed to senior ones, and there were 29 junior and 53 senior ones. A 30 minutes training course were given to all participants by one senior obstetrician. Special paper pads simulating perineum at crowning were used to cut MLE before and after the course, and a questionnaire about their occupation characteristics was given before the course. Three parameters of the MLE were analyzed and compared. Results: On performing MLE, midwives had more training history and conducted cases than obstetricians (p < 0.01). After the course, the mean values of three parameters were significantly increased from 31.46 mm in length, 48 degrees in angle and 9.09 mm in distance to 34.29 mm, 50.622 degrees and 10.82 mm respectively. In subgroups, obstetricians had angle degrees increased significantly (p =0.022), while midwives had the length and distance increased significantly (p=0.001, p=0.004). Senior participants had the length and distance of incisions increased significantly (P=0.008, P=0.020), the accuracy of these two parameters also improved significantly (P=0.002, P=0.034). In subgroups of midwives and seniors, the accuracy of the length and distance also improved significantly after the course.Conclusions: Obstetricians need more professional training about midwifery including episiotomy. Simulated training of this mode is suitable for obstetric education like performing MLE. The absence of senior obstetricians and midwives should be avoided in such medical education.

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Identifikasi Kualitas Spermatozoa Sapi Kuantan Riau sebagai Pelestarian Plasma Nutfah Ternak Lokal

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Tropis ◽

10.33772/jitro.v6i1.5724 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 52

Author(s):

Jiyato . ◽

Pajri Anwar

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Normal Value ◽

Mean Values ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

The Mean

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan ingin mengetahui kualitas spermatozoa sapi kuantan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Benei Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi Provinsi Riau dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu 15 ekor sapi kuantan jantan dewasa yang tersebar di Kecamatan Benai. Kualitas spermatozoa diamati melalui sperma yang diambil dari cauda epididimis. Sampel diambil dari tiga desa yaitu Desa Gunung Kesiangan, Desa Kalimanting dan Desa Banjar Lopak. Parameter penelitian ini yaitu pengamatan secara makroskopis meliputi pH, bau, warna dan pengamatan secara mikroskopis meliputi motilitas dan viabilitas. Data setiap pengamatan kualitas spermatozoa dianalisis dengan mencari nilai rata-rata dan standar deviasi dan diuraikan secara deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa sermatozoa sapi kuantan yang diamati dari cauda epididimis memiliki kualitas pH 6,13, bau amis (khas sperma), warna putih krem, motilitas 58%, dan viabilitas 76,67%. Motilitas spermatozoa yang terdapat pada cauda epididimis sapi kuantan dalam penelitian ini masih dalam batasan normal dan masih memenuhi syarat untuk digunakan sebagai semen cair untuk mendukung pelaksanaan inseminasi buatan.Kata kunci: cauda epididimis, plasma nutfah, sapi kuantan, spermatozoaABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine the quality of spermatozoa of Kuantan Riau cattle. This research was conducted in Benai subdistrict of Kuantan Singingi regency, Riau by using purposive sampling method. The samples used in this study were 15 adult bulls scattered in Benai district. The quality of spermatozoa was observed through sperm taken from the cauda epididymis.The samples were taken from three villages; Gunung Kesiangan, Kalimanting, and Banjar Lopak village. The parameters in this study were macroscopic qualities including pH, odour, color, and microscopic qualities including motility and viability of spermatozoa. This result was analized descriptively. The data collected from each observation were then analyzed by measuring the mean values and standard deviation. The result of this study indicated that spermatozoa of kuantan cattle collected from cauda epididimis had a pH quality of 6.13, fishy smell (typical of sperm), creamy white color, 58% motility, and 76.67% viability. The motility of spermatozoa of Kuantan Riau cattle found in this study is within normal value and qualified for the requirements for use as liquid for artificial inseminaton.Keywords: cauda epididymis, kuantan cattle, sperm plasma, spermatozoa

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