scholarly journals Gene Flow and Diversification in Himalopsyche martynovi Species Complex (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae) in the Hengduan Mountains

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 816
Author(s):  
Xi-Ling Deng ◽  
Adrien Favre ◽  
Emily Moriarty Lemmon ◽  
Alan R. Lemmon ◽  
Steffen U. Pauls
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Ecological Group ◽  
Hengduan Mountains ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstructions ◽  
Intermediate Morphology

The Hengduan Mountains are one of the most species-rich mountainous areas in the world. The origin and evolution of such a remarkable biodiversity are likely to be associated with geological or climatic dynamics, as well as taxon-specific biotic processes (e.g., hybridization, polyploidization, etc.). Here, we investigate the mechanisms fostering the diversification of the endemic Himalopsyche martynovi complex, a poorly known group of aquatic insects. We used multiple allelic datasets generated from 691 AHE loci to reconstruct species and RaxML phylogenetic trees. We selected the most reliable phylogenetic tree to perform network and gene flow analyses. The phylogenetic reconstructions and network analysis identified three clades, including H. epikur, H. martynovi sensu stricto and H. cf. martynovi. Himalopsyche martynovi sensu stricto and H. cf. martynovi present an intermediate morphology between H. epikur and H. viteceki, the closest known relative to the H. martynovi-complex. The gene flow analysis revealed extensive gene flow among these lineages. Our results suggest that H. viteceki and H. epikur are likely to have contributed to the evolution of H. martynovi sensu stricto and H. cf. martynovi via gene flow, and thus, our study provides insights in the diversification process of a lesser-known ecological group, and hints at the potential role of gene flow in the emergence of biological novelty in the Hengduan Mountains.

scholarly journals Gene Flow and Diversification in Himalopsyche Martynovi Species Complex (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae) In the Hengduan Mountains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi-Ling Deng ◽  
Adrien Favre ◽  
Emily Moriarty Lemmon ◽  
Alan R. Lemmon ◽  
Steffen U. Pauls
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Ecological Group ◽  
Hengduan Mountains ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstructions ◽  
Intermediate Morphology

Background: The Hengduan Mountains are one of the most species–rich mountainous areas in the world. The origin and evolution of such a remarkable biodiversity are likely to be associated with geological or climatic dynamics, as well as taxon-specific biotic processes (e.g., hybridization, polyploidization, etc.). Here, we investigate the mechanisms fostering the diversification of the endemic Himalopsyche martynovi complex, a poorly known group of aquatic insects. Methods: We used multiple allelic datasets generated from 691 AHE loci to reconstruct species and RaxML phylogenetic trees. We selected the most reliable phylogenetic tree to perform network and gene flow analyses. Results: Phylogenetic reconstructions and network analysis identified three clades, including H. epikur, H. martynovi sensu stricto and H. cf. martynovi. Himalopsyche martynovi sensu stricto and H. cf. martynovi present an intermediate morphology between H. epikur and H. viteceki, the closest known relative to the H. martynovi–complex. The gene flow analysis revealed extensive gene flow among these lineages. Conclusion: Our results suggest that H. viteceki and H. epikur are likely to have contributed to the evolution of H. martynovi sensu stricto and H. cf. martynovi via gene flow, and thus, our study provides insights in the diversification process of a lesser–known ecological group, and hints at the potential role of gene flow in the emergence of biological novelty in the Hengduan Mountains.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic and diversity analyses revealed that leek yellow stripe virus population consists of two types: S and N

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adyatma Irawan Santosa ◽  
Filiz Randa Zelyüt ◽  
Filiz Ertunç
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Leek Yellow Stripe Virus ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
Strong Negative Selection ◽  
Other World ◽  
Yellow Stripe

Abstract Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV, Potyvirus), a pathogen affecting Allium spp. worldwide, has been suspected to consist of two types: S and N, based on genetic and host species differences. In this study, phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses were performed to P1 and CP regions of genome of global LYSV isolates to clarify the variation among members of S-type and N-type. Constructed phylogenetic trees clearly divided isolates into S-type and N-type, with N-type was further split into L and N groups, according to hosts. Significant nucleotide (nt) and amino acids (aa) sequence variation were observed on full ORF, P1, HC-Pro, P3, VPg coding regions. The dN/dS values of P1 and CP confirmed that both genes are under strong negative selection pressure. Neutrality tests on Eastern Asian isolates argued that ancestor of current LYSV isolates may had evolved with garlic while they were in Asia before spread to other world regions through garlic propagative materials. The genetic differentiation and gene flow analysis showed that there was very frequent gene flow from S-type to L and N groups and these phylogroups differentiated from each other over time. Host differences, substantial nt and aa variation, inconsistent serological test results, and phylogenetic and diversity analyses results highly suggested that LYSV can be separated into two types: S and N.

scholarly journals Influence of Land Use on Avian Diversity in North African Urban Environments

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 434
Author(s):  
Hani Amir Aouissi ◽  
Alexandru-Ionuţ Petrişor ◽  
Mostefa Ababsa ◽  
Maria Boştenaru-Dan ◽  
Mahmoud Tourki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Ecological Group ◽  
Avian Diversity ◽  
North African ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Urban Green Spaces

Land cover and use changes are important to study for their impact on ecosystem services and ultimately on sustainability. In urban environments, a particularly important research question addresses the relationship between urbanization-related changes and biodiversity, subject to controversies in the literature. Birds are an important ecological group, and useful for answering this question. The present study builds upon the hypothesis according to which avian diversity decreases with urbanization. In order to answer it, a sample of 4245 observations from 650 sites in Annaba, Algeria, obtained through the point abundance index method, were investigated by computing Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index and the species richness, mapping them, and analyzing the results statistically. The findings confirm the study hypothesis and are relevant for planning, as they stress the role of urban green spaces as biodiversity hotspots, and plead for the need of connecting them. From a planning perspective, the results emphasize the need for interconnecting the green infrastructure through avian corridors. Moreover, the results fill in an important lack of data on the biodiversity of the region, and are relevant for other similar Mediterranean areas. Future studies could use the findings to compare with data from other countries and continents.

scholarly journals Premating barriers in young sympatric snail species

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arina L. Maltseva ◽  
Marina A. Varfolomeeva ◽  
Arseniy A. Lobov ◽  
Polina O. Tikanova ◽  
Egor A. Repkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Gastropod Species ◽  
Shell Size ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Partial Canonical Correspondence Analysis ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Isolation Index

AbstractSympatric coexistence of recently diverged species raises the question of barriers restricting the gene flow between them. Reproductive isolation may be implemented at several levels, and the weakening of some, e.g. premating, barriers may require the strengthening of the others, e.g. postcopulatory ones. We analysed mating patterns and shell size of mates in recently diverged closely related species of the subgenus Littorina Neritrema (Littorinidae, Caenogastropoda) in order to assess the role of premating reproductive barriers between them. We compared mating frequencies observed in the wild with those expected based on relative densities using partial canonical correspondence analysis. We introduced the fidelity index (FI) to estimate the relative accuracy of mating with conspecific females and precopulatory isolation index (IPC) to characterize the strength of premating barriers. The species under study, with the exception of L. arcana, clearly demonstrated preferential mating with conspecifics. According to FI and IPC, L. fabalis and L. compressa appeared reliably isolated from their closest relatives within Neritrema. Individuals of these two species tend to be smaller than those of the others, highlighting the importance of shell size changes in gastropod species divergence. L. arcana males were often found in pairs with L. saxatilis females, and no interspecific size differences were revealed in this sibling species pair. We discuss the lack of discriminative mate choice in the sympatric populations of L. arcana and L. saxatilis, and possible additional mechanisms restricting gene flow between them.

scholarly journals Molecular Signatures of Reticulate Evolution within the Complex of European Pine Taxa

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 489
Author(s):  
Bartosz Łabiszak ◽  
Witold Wachowiak
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Reticulate Evolution ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Interspecific Gene Flow ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Variation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Species Integrity

Speciation mechanisms, including the role of interspecific gene flow and introgression in the emergence of new species, are the major focus of evolutionary studies. Inference of taxonomic relationship between closely related species may be challenged by past hybridization events, but at the same time, it may provide new knowledge about mechanisms responsible for the maintenance of species integrity despite interspecific gene flow. Here, using nucleotide sequence variation and utilizing a coalescent modeling framework, we tested the role of hybridization and introgression in the evolutionary history of closely related pine taxa from the Pinus mugo complex and P. sylvestris. We compared the patterns of polymorphism and divergence between taxa and found a great overlap of neutral variation within the P. mugo complex. Our phylogeny reconstruction indicated multiple instances of reticulation events in the past, suggesting an important role of interspecific gene flow in the species divergence. The best-fitting model revealed P. mugo and P. uncinata as sister species with basal P. uliginosa and asymmetric migration between all investigated species after their divergence. The magnitude of interspecies gene flow differed greatly, and it was consistently stronger from representatives of P. mugo complex to P. sylvestris than in the opposite direction. The results indicate the prominent role of reticulation evolution in those forest trees and provide a genetic framework to study species integrity maintained by selection and local adaptation.

Introgression between non-sister species of honeyeaters (Aves: Meliphagidae) several million years after speciation

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-591
Author(s):  
Leo Joseph ◽  
Alex Drew ◽  
Ian J Mason ◽  
Jeffrey L Peters
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The City

Abstract We reassessed whether two parapatric non-sister Australian honeyeater species (Aves: Meliphagidae), varied and mangrove honeyeaters (Gavicalis versicolor and G. fasciogularis, respectively), that diverged from a common ancestor c. 2.5 Mya intergrade in the Townsville area of north-eastern Queensland. Consistent with a previous specimen-based study, by using genomics methods we show one-way gene flow for autosomal but not Z-linked markers from varied into mangrove honeyeaters. Introgression barely extends south of the area of parapatry in and around the city of Townsville. While demonstrating the long-term porosity of species boundaries over several million years, our data also suggest a clear role of sex chromosomes in maintaining reproductive isolation.

scholarly journals Remotely distinguishing and mapping endogenic water on the Moon

2017 ◽  
Vol 375 (2094) ◽  
pp. 20150391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel L. Klima ◽  
Noah E. Petro
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Solar System ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Testing Hypotheses ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Lunar Interior ◽  
Geological Features ◽  
Insight Into

Water and/or hydroxyl detected remotely on the lunar surface originates from several sources: (i) comets and other exogenous debris; (ii) solar-wind implantation; (iii) the lunar interior. While each of these sources is interesting in its own right, distinguishing among them is critical for testing hypotheses for the origin and evolution of the Moon and our Solar System. Existing spacecraft observations are not of high enough spectral resolution to uniquely characterize the bonding energies of the hydroxyl molecules that have been detected. Nevertheless, the spatial distribution and associations of H, OH − or H 2 O with specific lunar lithologies provide some insight into the origin of lunar hydrous materials. The global distribution of OH − /H 2 O as detected using infrared spectroscopic measurements from orbit is here examined, with particular focus on regional geological features that exhibit OH − /H 2 O absorption band strengths that differ from their immediate surroundings. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The origin, history and role of water in the evolution of the inner Solar System’.

scholarly journals Characterization of Epidemic IncI1-Iγ Plasmids Harboring Ambler Class A and C Genes in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica from Animals and Humans

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 5357-5365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilde Smith ◽  
Alex Bossers ◽  
Frank Harders ◽  
Guanghui Wu ◽  
Neil Woodford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gene Associations ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Marked Resistance

ABSTRACTThe aim of the study was to identify the plasmid-encoded factors contributing to the emergence and spread of epidemic IncI1-Iγ plasmids obtained fromEscherichia coliandSalmonella entericaisolates from animal and human reservoirs. For this, 251 IncI1-Iγ plasmids carrying various extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) or AmpC β-lactamase genes were compared using plasmid multilocus sequence typing (pMLST). Thirty-two of these plasmids belonging to different pMLST types were sequenced using Roche 454 and Illumina platforms. Epidemic IncI1-Iγ plasmids could be assigned to various dominant clades, whereas rarely detected plasmids clustered together as a distinct clade. Similar phylogenetic trees were obtained using only the plasmid backbone sequences, showing that the differences observed between the plasmids belonging to distinct clades resulted mainly from differences between their backbone sequences. Plasmids belonging to the various clades differed particularly in the presence/absence of genes encoding partitioning and addiction systems, which contribute to stable inheritance during cell division and plasmid maintenance. Despite this, plasmids belonging to the various phylogenetic clades also showed marked resistance gene associations, indicating the circulation of successful plasmid-gene combinations. The variation intraYandexcAgenes found in IncI1-Iγ plasmids is conserved within pMLST sequence types and plays a role in incompatibility, although functional study is needed to elucidate the role of these genes in plasmid epidemiology.

The role of triploids in the origin and evolution of polyploids of Turnera sidoides complex (Passifloraceae, Turneroideae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Evelin Kovalsky ◽  
Juan M. Roggero Luque ◽  
Gabriela Elías ◽  
Silvia A. Fernández ◽  
Viviana G. Solís Neffa
Keyword(s):  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Turnera Sidoides
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