scholarly journals Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) and Polysulfide (H2Sn) Signaling: The First 25 Years

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 896
Author(s):  
Hideo Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Cytoprotective Effect ◽  
Mercaptopyruvate Sulfurtransferase ◽  
Energy Formation ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Activity Energy

Since the first description of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as a toxic gas in 1713 by Bernardino Ramazzini, most studies on H2S have concentrated on its toxicity. In 1989, Warenycia et al. demonstrated the existence of endogenous H2S in the brain, suggesting that H2S may have physiological roles. In 1996, we demonstrated that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a potential signaling molecule, which can be produced by cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) to modify neurotransmission in the brain. Subsequently, we showed that H2S relaxes vascular smooth muscle in synergy with nitric oxide (NO) and that cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) is another producing enzyme. This study also opened up a new research area of a crosstalk between H2S and NO. The cytoprotective effect, anti-inflammatory activity, energy formation, and oxygen sensing by H2S have been subsequently demonstrated. Two additional pathways for the production of H2S with 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3MST) from l- and d-cysteine have been identified. We also discovered that hydrogen polysulfides (H2Sn, n ≥ 2) are potential signaling molecules produced by 3MST. H2Sn regulate the activity of ion channels and enzymes, as well as even the growth of tumors. S-Sulfuration (S-sulfhydration) proposed by Snyder is the main mechanism for H2S/H2Sn underlying regulation of the activity of target proteins. This mini review focuses on the key findings on H2S/H2Sn signaling during the first 25 years.

scholarly journals A Hypothesis: Hydrogen Sulfide Might Be Neuroprotective against Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Induced Brain Injury

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Peng Yu ◽  
Xiang-Lin Chi ◽  
Li-Jun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Leukocyte Adhesion ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
The Brain

Gases such as nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) play important roles both in normal physiology and in disease. Recent studies have shown that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) protects neurons against oxidative stress and ischemia-reperfusion injury and attenuates lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced neuroinflammation in microglia, exhibiting anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic activities. The gas H2S is emerging as a novel regulator of important physiologic functions such as arterial diameter, blood flow, and leukocyte adhesion. It has been known that multiple factors, including oxidative stress, free radicals, and neuronal nitric oxide synthesis as well as abnormal inflammatory responses, are involved in the mechanism underlying the brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Based on the multiple physiologic functions of H2S, we speculate that it might be a promising, effective, and specific therapy for brain injury after SAH.

scholarly journals Hydrogen sulphide synthesis (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy R. Billiar ◽  
Giuseppe Cirino ◽  
David Fulton ◽  
Roberto Motterlini ◽  
Andreas Papapetropoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Pyridoxal Phosphate ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Pharmacological Modulation ◽  
Enzymatic Characteristics ◽  
Mercaptopyruvate Sulfurtransferase ◽  
Cytosolic Enzymes

Hydrogen sulfide is a gasotransmitter, with similarities to nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. Although the enzymes indicated below have multiple enzymatic activities, the focus here is the generation of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and the enzymatic characteristics are described accordingly. Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) are pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes. 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MPST) functions to generate H2S; only CAT is PLP-dependent, while 3-MPST is not. Thus, this third pathway is sometimes referred to as PLP-independent. CBS and CSE are predominantly cytosolic enzymes, while 3-MPST is found both in the cytosol and the mitochondria. For an authoritative review on the pharmacological modulation of H2S levels, see Szabo and Papapetropoulos, 2017 [4].

3-Mercaptopyruvate Sulfurtransferase Produces Hydrogen Sulfide and Bound Sulfane Sulfur in the Brain

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norihiro Shibuya ◽  
Makiko Tanaka ◽  
Mikiharu Yoshida ◽  
Yuki Ogasawara ◽  
Tadayasu Togawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Sulfane Sulfur ◽  
Mercaptopyruvate Sulfurtransferase ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Harnessing the Benefits of Endogenous Hydrogen Sulfide to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 383
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Casin ◽  
John W. Calvert
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Beneficial Impact ◽  
Mercaptopyruvate Sulfurtransferase ◽  
H2s Production ◽  
The U.S

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the U.S. While various studies have shown the beneficial impact of exogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-releasing drugs, few have demonstrated the influence of endogenous H2S production. Modulating the predominant enzymatic sources of H2S—cystathionine-β-synthase, cystathionine-γ-lyase, and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase—is an emerging and promising research area. This review frames the discussion of harnessing endogenous H2S within the context of a non-ischemic form of cardiomyopathy, termed diabetic cardiomyopathy, and heart failure. Also, we examine the current literature around therapeutic interventions, such as intermittent fasting and exercise, that stimulate H2S production.

scholarly journals Corrigendum to “A Hypothesis: Hydrogen Sulfide Might Be Neuroprotective against Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Induced Brain Injury”

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yong-Peng Yu ◽  
Xiang-Lin Chi ◽  
Li-Jun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Leukocyte Adhesion ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
The Brain

Gases such as nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) play important roles both in normal physiology and in disease. Recent studies have shown that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) protects neurons against oxidative stress and ischemia-reperfusion injury and attenuates lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced neuroinflammation in microglia, exhibiting anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic activities. The gas H2S is emerging as a novel regulator of important physiologic functions such as arterial diameter, blood flow, and leukocyte adhesion. It has been known that multiple factors, including oxidative stress, free radicals, and neuronal nitric oxide synthesis as well as abnormal inflammatory responses, are involved in the mechanism underlying the brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Based on the multiple physiologic functions of H2S, we speculate that it might be a promising, effective, and specific therapy for brain injury after SAH.

3-Mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase produces hydrogen sulfide that is stored as bound sulfane sulfur in the brain

2009 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. S57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norihiro Shibuya ◽  
Makiko Tanaka ◽  
Mikiharu Yoshida ◽  
Yuki Ogasawara ◽  
Tadayasu Togawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Sulfane Sulfur ◽  
Mercaptopyruvate Sulfurtransferase ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota and Neuroplasticity

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2084
Author(s):  
Julia Murciano-Brea ◽  
Martin Garcia-Montes ◽  
Stefano Geuna ◽  
Celia Herrera-Rincon
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Brain Physiology ◽  
Bidirectional Communication ◽  
Mental Wellness ◽  
New Research ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Brain

The accumulating evidence linking bacteria in the gut and neurons in the brain (the microbiota–gut–brain axis) has led to a paradigm shift in the neurosciences. Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms supporting the relevance of actions mediated by the gut microbiota for brain physiology and neuronal functioning is a key research area. In this review, we discuss the literature showing how the microbiota is emerging as a key regulator of the brain’s function and behavior, as increasing amounts of evidence on the importance of the bidirectional communication between the intestinal bacteria and the brain have accumulated. Based on recent discoveries, we suggest that the interaction between diet and the gut microbiota, which might ultimately affect the brain, represents an unprecedented stimulus for conducting new research that links food and mood. We also review the limited work in the clinical arena to date, and we propose novel approaches for deciphering the gut microbiota–brain axis and, eventually, for manipulating this relationship to boost mental wellness.

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