scholarly journals The Combined Beneficial Effects of Postbiotic Butyrate on Active Vitamin D3-Orchestrated Innate Immunity to Salmonella Colitis

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1296
Author(s):  
Fu-Chen Huang ◽  
Shun-Chen Huang
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Active Vitamin ◽  
Active Vitamin D

Salmonella spp. Remains a major public health problem globally. Biomedicine is the cornerstone of modern health care and could be a solution for antibiotic-resistant Salmonellosis. Although postbiotics seem to be an effective treatment in various clinical conditions, their clinical effects on Salmonella colitis have not been reported. Our previous report revealed that active vitamin D attenuates the severity of Salmonella colitis and invasiveness by reducing inflammation and enhancing the production of antimicrobial peptides. Therefore, we investigated the synergistic effects of butyrate, the most studied postbiotic, and active vitamin D on the severity of Salmonella colitis, invasiveness of Salmonella, and host immune responses, as well as its novel mechanisms, using in vitro and in vivo studies. We demonstrated that a combination of butyrate and active vitamin D (1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) synergically reduced the severity of Salmonella colitis in C57BL/6 mice and reduced cecal inflammatory mIL-6, mIL-8, mTNF-α, and mIL-1β mRNA expression, but enhanced the antimicrobial peptide mhBD-3 mRNA, compared to a single treatment. Additionally, upregulated vitamin D receptor (VDR) plays a critical role in the synergistic effects. This suggests combined benefits of butyrate and active vitamin D on Salmonella colitis through VDR-mediated antibacterial and anti-inflammatory responses. The combined use of both supplements could be a potential biomedicine for infectious and autoimmune colitis.

scholarly journals Treatment Failure of Active Vitamin D Therapy in Chronic Kidney Disease: Predictive Factors

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Cozzolino ◽  
Adrian Covic ◽  
Blanca Martinez-Placencia ◽  
Konstantinos Xynos
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Active Vitamin ◽  
Ipth Level ◽  
Active Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Background: In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), impaired renal function leads to decreased vitamin D levels, which causes an increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH) production and contributes to the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). This may result in adverse clinical effects such as bone disorders, vascular calcification, cardiovascular disease, and increased mortality. Current treatment practices and associated outcomes with active vitamin D treatment in patients with CKD were reviewed with the objective to assess parameters (such as PTH and serum calcium levels) that may be used to define the failure of vitamin D treatment. Summary: Reports based on observational data have noted improved outcomes with active vitamin D treatment (calcitriol, paricalcitol, alfacalcidol, or doxercalciferol) in patients with CKD. Criteria for the identification of active vitamin D treatment failure are unclear from current guidelines, although up to 50% of patients may experience treatment failure eventually because of development of hypercalcemia or resistant SHPT, characterized by an elevated intact PTH (iPTH) level despite treatment. We propose a definition of vitamin D treatment failure as iPTH >600 pg/ml after 6 months of intravenous active vitamin D treatment and corrected total calcium serum levels >10.2 mg/dl, and review factors that may predict the response to vitamin D treatment. Key Message: Active vitamin D treatment failure is an important challenge in clinical practice. The aim of the proposed definition is to suggest a possible framework for hypothesis generation and to encourage further research into this common problem.

scholarly journals Primary Hypoparathyroidism and Chronic Kidney Disease: Is It Always Related to Treatment?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A214-A215
Author(s):  
Todor Zlatanski ◽  
Nicole Simon
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Phosphate Binders ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Active Vitamin ◽  
Active Vitamin D ◽  
Qt Interval Prolongation ◽  
Ectopic Mineralization ◽  
Chronic Hypoparathyroidism

Abstract Background: Anterior neck surgery is the leading cause of acquired hypoparathyroidism. Renal failure is the most common complication of treatment for hypoparathyroidism with active vitamin D and calcium supplements. However, the contribution of hypoparathyroidism to development of CKD in the absence of treatment is not well studied. Clinical Case: A 70-year old woman was brought to ED after she was found on the floor at home. Medical history was significant only for a partial thyroidectomy over 20 years prior, without reported post-operative complications. She was not taking any medications. Pertinent physical findings included altered mental status, hand tremors, involuntary contractions of left arm, and ashen skin. Laboratory tests upon presentation were significant for profoundly low albumin-corrected calcium of 3.68 mg/dL (n 8.6–10.2 mg/dL); low PTH 9.9 pg/dL (n 15–65 pg/dL); elevated phosphorous 8.5 mg/dL (n 2.7–4.5 mg/dL), elevated BUN 36 mg/dL (n 8–22 mg/dL), creatinine 2.76 mg/dL (n 0.5–1.3 mg/dL) and elevated CK of 4787 U/L (n 10–225 U/L). EKG showed QT interval prolongation. Head CT revealed periventricular and basal ganglia calcifications. Renal US was normal. The patient was treated with IV and PO calcium acetate and active vitamin D with resolution of the symptoms while calcium level improved. Post hospital follow-ups were significant for persistent hyperphosphatemia, which gradually improved with calcium and non-calcium phosphate binders as well as active vitamin D. Although this patient presented with acute hypocalcemia, she had chronic hypoparathyroidism as evidenced by basal ganglia calcifications. In the absence of other medical conditions, including negative PTH antibodies, or treatment for chronic hypoparathyrodism, the most likely cause of the CKD was chronic hypoparathyroidism itself. Conclusion: Post-surgical hypoparathyroidism may develop many years after surgery and can be asymptomatic. It is essential to diagnose this condition early to avoid late complications of the disease. The kidneys are particularly affected. Conventional treatment with calcium and vitamin D analogues is associated with ectopic mineralization and can lead to CKD. Untreated hypoparathyroidism on the other hand, can also lead to CKD, posing therapeutic challenges on finding the most appropriate and balanced treatment regimen in order to prevent further renal complications. Close monitoring and optimizing therapy plays critical role in preserving renal function of patients with hypoparathyroidism.

Medicinal Plants and Bioactive Compounds for Diabetes Management: Important Advances for Drug Discovery

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kondeti Ramudu Shanmugam ◽  
Bhasha Shanmugam ◽  
Gangigunta Venkatasubbaiah ◽  
Sahukari Ravi ◽  
Kesireddy Sathyavelu Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Major Public Health Problem

Background : Diabetes is a major public health problem in the world. It affects each and every part of the human body and also leads to organ failure. Hence, great progress made in the field of herbal medicine and diabetic research. Objectives: Our review will focus on the effect of bioactive compounds of medicinal plants which are used to treat diabetes in India and other countries. Methods: Information regarding diabetes, oxidative stress, medicinal plants and bioactive compounds were collected from different search engines like Science direct, Springer, Wiley online library, Taylor and francis, Bentham Science, Pubmed and Google scholar. Data was analyzed and summarized in the review. Results and Conclusion: Anti-diabetic drugs that are in use have many side effects on vital organs like heart, liver, kidney and brain. There is an urgent need for alternative medicine to treat diabetes and their disorders. In India and other countries herbal medicine was used to treat diabetes. Many herbal plants have antidiabetic effects. The plants like ginger, phyllanthus, curcumin, aswagandha, aloe, hibiscus and curcuma showed significant anti-hyperglycemic activities in experimental models and humans. The bioactive compounds like Allicin, azadirachtin, cajanin, curcumin, querceitin, gingerol possesses anti-diabetic, antioxidant and other pharmacological properties. This review focuses on the role of bioactive compounds of medicinal plants in prevention and management of diabetes. Conclusion: Moreover, our review suggests that bioactive compounds have the potential therapeutic potential against diabetes. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to validate these findings.

The Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Iran: A Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1015-1027
Author(s):  
Mohammad Bagherniya ◽  
Zahra Khorasanchi ◽  
Mina S. Bidokhti ◽  
Gordon A. Ferns ◽  
Mitra Rezaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
High Prevalence

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a common medical condition worldwide. In Iran, it has been reported that between 30-90% of people have vitamin D deficiency. However, its distribution in different parts of the country and among different age and regional groups is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the recent literature on vitamin D deficiency in Iran. Methods: The literature review was performed using Web of Science, PubMed-Medline, Scopus and Scientific Information Database (SID) with a cut-off date of November 2016 to identify articles on vitamin D status in Iran published in the last 10 years. Studies in English and Persian that reported vitamin D levels in male and female subjects of all age groups and in healthy populations were included. Results: From 325 studies that were initially retrieved, 82 articles met the inclusion criteria. A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was reported, and in some regions, this was reported as >90% and was found in all age groups and in all regions of Iran. Conclusion: This review highlights the very high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Iran. It will be important to recognize the importance of vitamin D deficiency as a major public health problem in Iran.

scholarly journals Active vitamin D supplementation and COVID-19 infections: review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nakhoul Farid ◽  
Nakhoul Rola ◽  
Elias A. T. Koch ◽  
Nakhoul Nakhoul
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Active Vitamin ◽  
Active Vitamin D

scholarly journals Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of (Piperidin-1-yl)quinolin-3-yl)methylene)hydrazinecarbothioamides as Potent Inhibitors of Cholinesterases: A Biochemical and In Silico Approach

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 656
Author(s):  
Rubina Munir ◽  
Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman ◽  
Shahzad Murtaza ◽  
Sumera Zaib ◽  
Noman Javid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Dual Inhibitor ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Ic50 Values

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by central cognitive dysfunction, memory loss, and intellectual decline poses a major public health problem affecting millions of people around the globe. Despite several clinically approved drugs and development of anti-Alzheimer’s heterocyclic structural leads, the treatment of AD requires safer hybrid therapeutics with characteristic structural and biochemical properties. In this endeavor, we herein report a microwave-assisted synthesis of a library of quinoline thiosemicarbazones endowed with a piperidine moiety, achieved via the condensation of 6/8-methyl-2-(piperidin-1-yl)quinoline-3-carbaldehydes and (un)substituted thiosemicarbazides. The target N-heterocyclic products were isolated in excellent yields. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were fully established using readily available spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, 1H- and 13C-NMR). Anti-Alzheimer potential of the synthesized heterocyclic compounds was evaluated using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes. The in vitro biochemical assay results revealed several compounds as potent inhibitors of both enzymes. Among them, five compounds exhibited IC50 values less than 20 μM. N-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-((8-methyl-2-(piperidin-1-yl)quinolin-3-yl)methylene)hydrazine carbothioamide emerged as the most potent dual inhibitor of AChE and BChE with IC50 values of 9.68 and 11.59 μM, respectively. Various informative structure–activity relationship (SAR) analyses were also concluded indicating the critical role of substitution pattern on the inhibitory efficacy of the tested derivatives. In vitro results were further validated through molecular docking analysis where interactive behavior of the potent inhibitors within the active pocket of enzymes was established. Quinoline thiosemicarbazones were also tested for their cytotoxicity using MTT assay against HepG2 cells. Among the 26 novel compounds, there were five cytotoxical and 18 showed proliferative properties.

Design and synthesis of active vitamin D analogs

2010 ◽  
Vol 121 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvina Eduardo-Canosa ◽  
Ramón Fraga ◽  
Rita Sigüeiro ◽  
Maria Marco ◽  
Natacha Rochel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Active Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin D Analogs ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Active Vitamin D
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document