scholarly journals Emotional Reasoning and Psychopathology

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 471
Author(s):  
Amelia Gangemi ◽  
Margherita Dahò ◽  
Francesco Mancini
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
External World ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Dysfunctional Beliefs ◽  
Emotional Reasoning ◽  
Evaluative Judgments ◽  
External Events ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Valid Information

One of the several ways in which affect may influence cognition is when people use affect as a source of information about external events. Emotional reasoning, ex-consequentia reasoning, and affect-as-information are terms referring to the mechanism that can lead people to take their emotions as information about the external world, even when the emotion is not generated by the situation to be evaluated. Pre-existing emotions may thus bias evaluative judgments of unrelated events or topics. From this perspective, the more people experience a particular kind of affect, the more they may rely on it as a source of valid information. Indeed, in several studies, it was found that adult patients suffering from psychological disorders tend to use negative affect to estimate the negative event as more severe and more likely and to negatively evaluate preventive performance. The findings on this topic have contributed to the debate that theorizes the use of emotional reasoning as responsible for the maintenance of dysfunctional beliefs and the pathological disorders based on these beliefs. The purpose of this paper is to explore this topic by reviewing and discussing the main studies in this area, leading to a deeper understanding of this phenomenon.

scholarly journals Attitudes Toward Psychological Disorders and Alternative Medicine in Saudi Participants

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed H. Alegiry ◽  
Nahid H. Hajrah ◽  
Nada A. Y Alzahrani ◽  
Hossam H. Shawki ◽  
Muhammadh Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complementary Medicine ◽  
Psychotropic Medication ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Alternative And Complementary Medicine ◽  
Cross Tabulation ◽  
Source Of Information

Background: This study was designed to investigate Saudis' attitudes toward mental distress and psychotropic medication, attribution of causes, expected side effects, and to analyze participants' expectations toward alternative or complementary medicine using aromatic and medicinal plants, through a survey.Method: The study included 674 participants (citizens and residents in Saudi Arabia) who were randomly contacted via email and social media and gave their consent to complete a questionnaire dealing with 39 items that can be clustered in six parts. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square for cross-tabulation were generated using SPSS.Results: Among the 664 participants, 73.4% believed that there are some positive and negative outcomes of psychotropic medication. Participants (72.0%) think that the most important reason leading to psychological disorders is mainly due to the loss of a relative or beloved person, and 73.9% considered psychic session as one of the possible treatments of psychological disorders. Surprisingly, only 18.8% of the participants agreed that medicinal and aromatic plants could be a possible treatment of the psychological disorder. Participants (82%) consider that physicians are the most trustful and preferred source of information about alternative and complementary medicine.

A Critical Review of Negative Affect and the Application of CBT for PTSD

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson J. Brown ◽  
Daniel Dewey ◽  
Brian E. Bunnell ◽  
Stephen J. Boyd ◽  
Allison K. Wilkerson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Cognitive Processing Therapy ◽  
Initial Information ◽  
Emotional Reasoning ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Potential Efficacy ◽  
Behavioral Therapies ◽  
The Impact

Forms of cognitive and behavioral therapies (CBTs), including prolonged exposure and cognitive processing therapy, have been empirically validated as efficacious treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the assumption that PTSD develops from dysregulated fear circuitry possesses limitations that detract from the potential efficacy of CBT approaches. An analysis of these limitations may provide insight into improvements to the CBT approach to PTSD, beginning with an examination of negative affect as an essential component to the conceptualization of PTSD and a barrier to the implementation of CBT for PTSD. As such, the literature regarding the impact of negative affect on aspects of cognition (i.e., attention, processing, memory, and emotion regulation) necessary for the successful application of CBT was systematically reviewed. Several literature databases were explored (e.g., PsychINFO and PubMed), resulting in 25 articles that met criteria for inclusion. Results of the review indicated that high negative affect generally disrupts cognitive processes, resulting in a narrowed focus on stimuli of a negative valence, increased rumination of negative autobiographical memories, inflexible preservation of initial information, difficulty considering counterfactuals, reliance on emotional reasoning, and misinterpretation of neutral or ambiguous events as negative, among others. With the aim to improve treatment efficacy of CBT for PTSD, suggestions to incorporate negative affect into research and clinical contexts are discussed.

scholarly journals The Experience of Agency

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Haggard ◽  
Manos Tsakiris
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
External World ◽  
Voluntary Action ◽  
Body Movements ◽  
Temporal Experience ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Motor Commands ◽  
External Events

The experience of agency refers to the experience of being in control both of one's own actions and, through them, of events in the external world. Recent experimental studies have investigated how people recognise a particular event as being caused by their own action or by that of another person. These studies suggest that people match sensory inputs to a prediction based on the action they are performing. Other studies have contrasted voluntary actions to physically similar but passive body movements. These studies suggest that voluntary action triggers wide-ranging changes in the spatial and temporal experience not only of one's own body but also of external events. Prediction and monitoring of the consequences of one's own motor commands produces characteristic experiences that form our normal, everyday feeling of being in control of our life. We conclude by discussing the implications of recent psychological work for our notions of responsibility for action.

scholarly journals REPRESENTASI KELUGASAN BERANDA LAMAN WWW.COVID19.GO.ID: TINJAUAN ANALISIS WACANA KRITIS

MIMESIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Irwan Suswandi
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Analysis Theory ◽  
The Government ◽  
Information Providers ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Valid Information

The digital era has encourages information providers to innovate by utilizing the internet to convey information quickly. No exception for the government in a way to provide information and news related to Covid-19 which has become a global pandemic.  Using a website as a source of information can give quick access for people to obtain actual and valid information relating to Covid-19.  Through www.covid19.go.id, the government provides a facility for people to be able to access all information about Covid-19 matters. In this research, the researcher will analyze how government gives simplicity in providing information related to Covid-19, which is represented on the www.covid19.go.id homepage. The researcher used CDA (critical discourse analysis) theory from Fairclough to analyze the text found on the www.covid19.go.id homepage.  Then, the results of critical discourse analysis were linked with the reputation theory of Charles J. Fombrun.  The analysis produced information in the form of language units of www.covid19.go.id homepage which contains a simplicity matter in the delivery of information.  From this analysis, the researcher can conclude that the simplicity in www.covid19.go.id homepage was represented through the website components, content, and propositions contained in the homepage.  The simplicity matter also found in the use of modes, those were descriptive, persuasive, and interrogative mode. 

News

Abundance ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 93-124
Author(s):  
Pablo J. Boczkowski
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Dominant Source ◽  
Broadcast Media ◽  
Current Events ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Ambient Content

Chapter 4 centers on news reception. The survey indicates that broadcast media represent the dominant source of information and that socioeconomic status is more important in predicting patterns of news consumption than age and gender. The interviews highlight the continued centrality of routines that organize reception practices. These routines are ambient and derivative. In addition, there is a widespread assumption of intentionality in the reporting of current events and the perception that bias in the resulting stories is not the exception but the norm. There is also a strongly negative affect that is tied to the experience of consuming news. The chapter concludes that the perception and practice of ambient content, the enactment of derivative routines, the management of what is viewed as systemic bias, and dominance of negative affect combine to generate an experiential devaluation of the news in everyday life.

scholarly journals The detective, the psychiatrist and post-modernism

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 573-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Beveridge
Keyword(s):  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
External World ◽  
Individual Psychology ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
The Social ◽  
Post Modernism ◽  
Inner World ◽  
External Events ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Mind

The similarity between the work of the fictional detective and that of the psychiatrist has often been remarked. Both Marcus (1984) and Shepherd (1985) have compared the technique of the archetypal sleuth, Sherlock Holmes, with that of Sigmund Freud. The sage of Baker Street attempted to solve criminal cases by finding links between items in the external world, such as footprints, bloodstains or broken locks, while Freud tried to make sense of the mysteries of the mind by making connections between events in the inner world, such as dreams, thoughts and desires. Both attempted to provide an all-encompassing explanation of seemingly disparate phenomena. Over the years, the literary descendants of Holmes have become increasingly similar to psychiatrists, because, as well as attending to the external events, they also take account of the individual psychology of the criminal and the social context of the crime.

Magnetic-field strengths from optical polarization data

1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 381-383
Author(s):  
J. M. Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Optical Polarization ◽  
Polarization Data ◽  
Term Model ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Field Strengths

Van de Hulst (Paper 64, Table 1) has marked optical polarization as a questionable or marginal source of information concerning magnetic field strengths. Rather than arguing about this–I should rate this method asq+-, or quarrelling about the term ‘model-sensitive results’, I wish to stress the historical point that as recently as two years ago there were still some who questioned that optical polarization was definitely due to magnetically-oriented interstellar particles.

Small Angle Electron Scattering From Vacuum Condensed Metallic Films

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 380-381
Author(s):  
J. Silcox ◽  
R. H. Wade
Keyword(s):  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Ring Structure ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Metallic Films ◽  
Micro Structure ◽  
Angle Scattering ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Kinematical Theory

Recent work has drawn attention to the possibilities that small angle electron scattering offers as a source of information about the micro-structure of vacuum condensed films. In particular, this serves as a good detector of discontinuities within the films. A review of a kinematical theory describing the small angle scattering from a thin film composed of discrete particles packed close together will be presented. Such a model could be represented by a set of cylinders packed side by side in a two dimensional fluid-like array, the axis of the cylinders being normal to the film and the length of the cylinders becoming the thickness of the film. The Fourier transform of such an array can be regarded as a ring structure around the central beam in the plane of the film with the usual thickness transform in a direction normal to the film. The intensity profile across the ring structure is related to the radial distribution function of the spacing between cylinders.

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