scholarly journals The detective, the psychiatrist and post-modernism

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 573-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Beveridge
Keyword(s):  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
External World ◽  
Individual Psychology ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
The Social ◽  
Post Modernism ◽  
Inner World ◽  
External Events ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Mind

The similarity between the work of the fictional detective and that of the psychiatrist has often been remarked. Both Marcus (1984) and Shepherd (1985) have compared the technique of the archetypal sleuth, Sherlock Holmes, with that of Sigmund Freud. The sage of Baker Street attempted to solve criminal cases by finding links between items in the external world, such as footprints, bloodstains or broken locks, while Freud tried to make sense of the mysteries of the mind by making connections between events in the inner world, such as dreams, thoughts and desires. Both attempted to provide an all-encompassing explanation of seemingly disparate phenomena. Over the years, the literary descendants of Holmes have become increasingly similar to psychiatrists, because, as well as attending to the external events, they also take account of the individual psychology of the criminal and the social context of the crime.

The Non-existence of the Internal World

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-151
Author(s):  
Jan Westerhoff
Keyword(s):  
External World ◽  
Sharp Contrast ◽  
Mental Life ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Limited Knowledge ◽  
Natural Place ◽  
Inner World ◽  
Five Senses ◽  
The Mind

A natural place of retreat once the reality of the mind-independent world has been challenged is that of the certainty of our inner world, a world which, we assume, is perfectly transparent to us and over which we have complete control, which provides a sharp contrast with an external world of which we have limited knowledge, and which frequently resists our attempts to influence it. The second chapter considers a set of reasons against the existence of this kind of internal world. I consider arguments critical of introspective certainty and query the existence of a substantial self that acts as a central unifier of our mental life. The chapter concludes that a foundation in the internal world remains elusive: our introspective capacities do not give us any more of a secure grasp of an internal world than our five senses perceiving the external world.

Book Reviews: Concept Formation in Social Science, Theoretical Logic in Sociology. Volume Two. The Antinomies of Classical Thought: Marx and Durkheim, The Individual and the Social Self: Unpublished Work of George Herbert Mead, The Macmillan Student Encyclopedia of Sociology, States and Societies, Managing the Mind: A Study of Medical Psychology in Early Nineteenth Century Britain, Contemporary Britain, Belonging: Identity and Social Organisation in British Rural Cultures, Consensus and Beyond: The Development of Labour Party Strategy since the Second World War, Women's Imprisonment: A Study in Social Control, Women's Religious Experience, The Social World of the Comprehensive School, Teaching about Race Relations: Problems and Effects, The Multicultural Curriculum, Race, Ethnicity and Power, Approaches to Welfare, Living the Fishing, Death and Renewal: Sociological Studies in Roman History, Volume 2, The Survey Method: The Contribution of Surveys to Sociological Explanation

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-631
Author(s):  
Derek Layder ◽  
W. Watts Miller ◽  
R. Harré ◽  
Duncan Mitchell ◽  
Dominic Strinati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Psychology ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Multicultural Curriculum ◽  
Party Strategy ◽  
The Social ◽  
School Teaching ◽  
Women's Imprisonment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sociological Explanation ◽  
The Mind

scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING OF PERSONS WITH A HOMOSEXUAL ORIENTATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamsheko Katerina
Keyword(s):  
Personal Growth ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Homosexual Orientation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Inner World ◽  
The Individual

The article analyzes the social and psychological factors of psychological well-being of the individual. The results of psychological well-being between homosexuals and heterosexuals were examined and compared. The complexity of studying the phenomenon of psychological well-being is due to the fact that the mechanism of its formation is in the social environment and in the inner world of man. An attempt is made to reveal their essence on the basis of researches in world and national science. The components that provide positive personality functioning are analyzed and investigated: autonomy, environmental management, personal growth, positive relationships with others, presence of life goals and self-acceptance. Psychological well-being of the individual is considered as an integral indicator of the degree of realization of the personality of one's own orientation, which is subjectively manifested in feelings of happiness, satisfaction with life and oneself. It is concluded that this phenomenon touches on all aspects of people's lives, both homo- and hetero-orientations, and therefore, a person with any sexual orientation is capable of self-actualization, self-development, life satisfaction and the exercise of one's choice.

scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF THE USE OF GAMING PRACTICES AND PRINCIPLES OF GAMING IN THE TRAINING OF DENTAL PATIENTS IN A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Александр Чернавский ◽  
Aleksandr Chernavskiy ◽  
Ирина Русакова ◽  
Irina Rusakova ◽  
Иван Петров ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Voluntary Activity ◽  
Dental Patients ◽  
Mental Maturity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Natural Element ◽  
Inner World ◽  
The Individual

Gaming learning is accepted in our society for a long time, practically from its inception and therefore has historical roots. The game is multifaceted, it allows you to successfully learn new skills for both children and adults. The game not only trains, develops, educates, but also socializes. An historical excursion shows that one of her first tasks is training. The substantiation of the use of gaming methods in psychotherapeutic and developmental psycho-correction work is given by many scientists working in the field of psychology. Methods of playing developmental psychocorrection and psychotherapy remain a very important tool that allows not only to study aspects of the child's and adult's inner world, but also, depending on the level of his mental maturity, social skills, cognitive and emotional processes, build interaction in the formation of the principles of a healthy lifestyle in patients of dental profile. Gaming psychotechnics are psychologically conditioned, a natural element of culture, which is a kind of voluntary activity of the individual, enriching the social experience of our patients, allowing one to master the norms and rules for preserving one's dental health through voluntary acceptance of a role, virtual simulation of the playing space and changing the conditions of one's own own being in society. The players perform the following functions: communicative; self-realization of a person; diagnostic; psychotherapeutic; psycho-corrective. Gaming psychotechnics allow you to escape from the paternalistic positions in communication with the patient, to form a request for maintaining your own health in the patient himself. The use of gambling practices and gaming promotes the consolidation and improvement of knowledge, the development of the psychological qualities of the individual, the development of the ability to find the best solutions for large and small patients in the formation of their health.

Habermas, Science and Modernity

1999 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 329-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedel Weinert
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Frankfurt School ◽  
German Idealism ◽  
External World ◽  
Paradigm Change ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Western Civilisation ◽  
The Individual

The work of Jürgen Habermas has been described as eclectic. It is also prolific. Fortunately for his readers the prolificacy and eclecticism of the author are mitigated by the recurrence of his themes. These concern the emergence and nature of modern occidental society, both from a sociological and philosophical perspective. On a more philosophical level, there is also a strong plea for a paradigm change. The philosophy of the consciousness made the lone subject, in search of knowledge, face the external world. The dialogic philosophy of Habermas sees interlocutors engaged in dialogue about the material, social and internal world and their many aspects. Furthermore, there are many fruitful sidelines: the nature of language, the personality structure of the individual, socialisation and the status of the social sciences. All these various strands are woven into a coherent model of the nature of western civilisation. In the recombination of the contributory constituents, derived from American pragmatism, German Idealism, Hermeneutics, Marxism, the Frankfurt School of Sociology and Systems Theory, lies the originality and breadth of his work.

scholarly journals Person of the Month: Alfred Adler (1870-1937)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankit Patel
Keyword(s):  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Individual Psychology ◽  
Alfred Adler ◽  
Albert Ellis ◽  
Abraham Maslow ◽  
Founding Member ◽  
Inferiority Complex ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Tremendous Impact

Alfred Adler was an Austrian doctor and therapist who is best-known for forming the school of thought known as individual psychology. He is also remembered for his concept of the inferiority complex, which he believed played a major part in the formation of personality. Alder was initially a colleague of Sigmund Freud, helped establish psychoanalysis, and was a founding member of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society. Adler’s theory focused on looking at the individual as a whole, which is why he referred to his approach as individual psychology. Adler was eventually expelled from Freud’s psychoanalytic circle, but he went on to have a tremendous impact on the development of psychotherapy. He also had an important influence on many other great thinkers including Abraham Maslow and Albert Ellis.

Social Learning from the Inside Out

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bennet ◽  
Alex Bennet
Keyword(s):  
External Environment ◽  
Social Bonding ◽  
Holding Environment ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Inside Out

This chapter explores from the viewpoint of the mind/brain the factors and conditions which influence the social creation and sharing of knowledge. A foundation is developed by providing clear definitions of information, knowledge and learning, including levels of knowledge and the process through which the mind/brain creates new knowledge. Then neuroscience findings are used to discuss social interaction, including environmental impacts on the creation and sharing of knowledge. Factors such as arousal and stress level, social attunement, holding environment, intersubjective space, level of trust, social bonding, and an enriched external environment are posited to enhance the creation and sharing of knowledge. Finally, the individual learning and knowledge activity is extrapolated to the societal level through a short introduction to collaborative entanglement (learning to create and apply knowledge as communities), and the use of metaphor and story. Summary highlights of neuroscience findings are also provided.

Psychiatry: Mindless or Brainless, Both or Neither?

1989 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.J. Lipowski
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Social ◽  
Relative Neglect ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Mind

After a period marked by one-sided emphasis on psycho-dynamics and social issues, or what could be called “brainless” psychiatry on account of its relative neglect of cerebral processes, we are witnessing an opposite trend towards extreme biologism or “mindless” psychiatry. The pendulum has swung periodically from one to the other of these reductionists positions throughout the history of psychiatry. The author argues that neither brainless nor mindless psychiatry can do justice to the complexity of mental illness and to the treatment of patients. Psychiatry's distinguishing feature as a clinical discipline is its equal concern with subjective experience, or the mind, and with the body, including brain function, which together constitute a person, a psychiatrist's proper focus of inquiry and intervention. Moreover, a person, viewed as a mindbody complex, is in constant interaction with the environment. It follows that both study of mental illness and clinical practice need to take into account the psychological, the biological and the social aspects. These three aspects are not mutually reducible and are indispensable for the understanding and treatment of the individual patient. Such a comprehensive, biopsychosocial approach provides an antithesis to the reductionistic viewpoints and, in the writer's opinion, is both practically and theoretically most satisfying.

Person, Process, Choice: The Psychology of New Venture Creation

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly G. Shaver ◽  
Linda R. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Past Research ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Venture Creation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Behavioral Choices ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Mind

Psychology can be distinguished from other behavioral sciences by its emphasis on the behavior of the individual person. Behavior, in turn, is influenced by the way in which the external world is represented in the mind, and by the individual's exercise of choice. The article examines the possibility that relatively enduring attributes of the person might affect entrepreneurial activity, describes the social cognitive processes Involved in constructing representations of the external environment, and suggests which motivational variables affect behavioral choices. Although past research on “the psychology of the entrepreneur” has not been productive, a psychological approach based on persons, process, and choice holds promise for the future.

scholarly journals Habit, the Criminal Body and the Body Politic in England, c. 1700–1800

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 83-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Martin Dodsworth
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Body Politic ◽  
The Body ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Social Circumstance

This article explores the role that ‘habit’ played in discourses on crime in the 18th century, a subject which forms an important part of the history of ‘the social’. It seeks to bridge the division between ‘liberal’ positions which see crime as a product of social circumstance, and the conservative position which stresses the role of will and individual responsibility, by drawing attention to the role habit played in uniting these conceptions in the 18th century. It argues that the Lockean idea that the mind was a tabula rasa, and that the character was thereby formed through impression and habit, was used as a device to explain the ways in which certain individuals rather than others happened to fall into a life of crime, a temptation to which all were susceptible. This allowed commentators to define individuals as responsible for their actions, while accepting the significance of environmental factors in their transgressions. Further, the notion that the character was formed through habit enabled reformers to promote the idea that crime could be combated through mechanisms of prevention and reformation, which both targeted the individual criminal and sought more generally to reduce the likelihood of crime.

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