Restrained Eating Is Associated with Lower Cortical Thickness in the Inferior Frontal Gyrus in Adolescents

Some eating patterns, such as restrained eating and uncontrolled eating, are risk factors for eating disorders. However, it is not yet clear whether they are associated with neurocognitive differences. In the current study, we analyzed whether eating patterns can be used to classify participants into meaningful clusters, and we examined whether there are neurocognitive differences between the clusters. Adolescents (n = 108; 12 to 17 years old) and adults (n = 175, 18 to 40 years old) completed the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire, which was used to classify participants according to their eating profile using k means clustering. Participants also completed personality questionnaires and a neuropsychological examination. A subsample of participants underwent a brain MRI acquisition. In both samples, we obtained a cluster characterized by high uncontrolled eating patterns, a cluster with high scores in restrictive eating, and a cluster with low scores in problematic eating behaviors. The clusters were equivalent with regards to personality and performance in executive functions. In adolescents, the cluster with high restrictive eating showed lower cortical thickness in the inferior frontal gyrus compared to the other two clusters. We hypothesize that this difference in cortical thickness represents an adaptive neural mechanism that facilitates inhibition processes.

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Eating behaviors and weight loss outcomes in a 12-month randomized trial of diet and/or exercise intervention in postmenopausal women

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity ◽

10.1186/s12966-019-0887-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Caitlin Mason ◽

Jean de Dieu Tapsoba ◽

Catherine Duggan ◽

Ching-Yun Wang ◽

Catherine M. Alfano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Binge Eating ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Eating Behavior ◽

Emotional Eating ◽

Eating Behaviors ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Restrained Eating ◽

Dietary Weight Loss ◽

Uncontrolled Eating

Abstract Background Certain eating behaviors are common among women with obesity. Whether these behaviors influence outcomes in weight loss programs, and whether such programs affect eating behaviors, is unclear. Methods Our aim was to examine the effect of baseline eating behaviors on intervention adherence and weight among postmenopausal women with overweight or obesity, and to assess intervention effects on eating behaviors. Four hundred and 39 women (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) were randomized to 12 months of: i) dietary weight loss with a 10% weight loss goal (‘diet’; n = 118); ii) moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise for 225 mins/week (‘exercise’; n = 117); iii) combined dietary weight loss and exercise (‘diet + exercise’; n = 117); or iv) no-lifestyle change control (n = 87). At baseline and 12 months, restrained eating, uncontrolled eating, emotional eating and binge eating were measured by questionnaire; weight and body composition were assessed. The mean change in eating behavior scores and weight between baseline and 12 months in the diet, exercise, and diet + exercise arms were each compared to controls using the generalized estimating equation (GEE) modification of linear regression adjusted for age, baseline BMI, and race/ethnicity. Results Baseline restrained eating was positively associated with change in total calories and calories from fat during the dietary intervention but not with other measures of adherence. Higher baseline restrained eating was associated with greater 12-month reductions in weight, waist circumference, body fat and lean mass. Women randomized to dietary intervention had significant reductions in binge eating (− 23.7%, p = 0.005 vs. control), uncontrolled eating (− 24.3%, p < 0.001 vs. control), and emotional eating (− 31.7%, p < 0.001 vs. control) scores, and a significant increase in restrained eating (+ 60.6%, p < 0.001 vs. control); women randomized to diet + exercise reported less uncontrolled eating (− 26.0%, p < 0.001 vs. control) and emotional eating (− 22.0%, p = 0.004 vs. control), and increased restrained eating (+ 41.4%, p < 0.001 vs. control). Women randomized to exercise alone had no significant change in eating behavior scores compared to controls. Conclusions A dietary weight loss intervention helped women modify eating behaviors. Future research should investigate optimal behavioral weight loss interventions for women with both disordered eating and obesity. Trial registration NCT00470119 (https://clinicaltrials.gov). Retrospectively registered May 7, 2007.

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Clinical binge eating, but not uncontrolled eating, is associated with differences in executive functions: evidence from meta-analytic findings

10.31234/osf.io/eh4ms ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Prunell ◽

María Ángeles Jurado ◽

Isabel Garcia Garcia

Keyword(s):

Binge Eating ◽

Executive Functions ◽

Eating Behaviors ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Eating Patterns ◽

Clinical Level ◽

Small Effect Size ◽

Clinical Strategies ◽

Uncontrolled Eating ◽

Do So

Binge eating disorder (BED) is a common psychiatric diagnosis characterized by the presence of episodes of loss of control over food consumption. Understanding the neurocognitive factors associated with binge eating pathology might help to design clinical strategies aimed at preventing or treating BED. However, results in the field are notably heterogeneous. In the current study, we aimed to establish whether binge eating behaviors (both at a clinical and at a non-clinical level) are associated with executive functions. To do so, we performed a pre-registered meta-analysis to examine the link between executive functions, BED, and uncontrolled eating, a psychobiological construct closely associated with binge eating behaviors. Relative to healthy controls, patients with BED showed lower performance in executive functions, with a small effect size. At the same time, uncontrolled eating patterns were not associated with differences in executive functions. Neither age nor body mass index (BMI) influenced these results. Our findings suggest that there is no association between performance in executive functions and variations along the non-clinical spectrum of binge eating behaviors. Small deficits in executive functions, however, seem to appear in individuals showing severe binge eating symptoms, that is, individuals meeting diagnostic criteria for BED. We speculate that the close links between BED and emotional distress could partly explain these results.

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Relationship between impulsivity, uncontrolled eating and body mass index: a hierarchical model

10.1101/348821 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Isabel Garcia-Garcia ◽

Selin Neseliler ◽

Filip Morys ◽

Mahsa Dadar ◽

Yvonne H.C. Yau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Structural Equation Models ◽

Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽

Stress Sensitivity ◽

Reward Sensitivity ◽

Self Control ◽

Weight Changes ◽

Uncontrolled Eating

AbstractBackgroundImpulsivity increases the risk for obesity and weight gain. However, the precise role of impulsivity in the aetiology of overeating behavior and obesity is currently unknown. Here we examined the relationships between personality-related measures of impulsivity, Uncontrolled Eating, BMI, and longitudinal weight changes. Additionally, we analyzed the associations between general impulsivity domains and brain cortical thickness to elucidate brain vulnerability factors related to weight gain.MethodsStudents in their first year of university - a risky period for weight gain - completed questionnaire measures of impulsivity and eating behavior at the beginning (N = 2318) of the school year. We also collected their weight at the end of the term (N = 1197). Impulsivity was divided into factors stress reactivity, reward sensitivity and lack of self-control. Using structural equation models, we tested the plausibility of a hierarchical relationship, in which impulsivity traits were associated with Uncontrolled Eating, which in turn predicted BMI and weight change. 71 participants underwent T1-weighted MRI to investigate the correlation between impulsivity and cortical thickness.ResultsImpulsivity traits showed positive correlations with Uncontrolled Eating. Higher scores in Uncontrolled Eating were in turn associated with higher BMI. None of the impulsivity-related measurements nor Uncontrolled Eating were correlated with longitudinal weight gain. Higher stress sensitivity was associated with increased cortical thickness in the superior temporal gyrus. Lack of self-control was positively associated with increased thickness in the superior medial frontal gyrus. Finally, higher reward sensitivity was associated with lower thickness in the inferior frontal gyrus.ConclusionThe present study provides a comprehensive characterization of the relationships between different facets of impulsivity and obesity. We show that differences in impulsivity domains might be associated with BMI via Uncontrolled Eating. Our results might inform future clinical strategies aimed at fostering self-control abilities to prevent and/or treat unhealthy weight gain.

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Neural deficits in auditory phonological processing in Chinese children with English reading impairment

Bilingualism Language and Cognition ◽

10.1017/s1366728915000073 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 331-346 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

XIANGZHI MENG ◽

HANLIN YOU ◽

MEIXIA SONG ◽

AMY S. DESROCHES ◽

ZHENGKE WANG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Second Language ◽

Phonological Processing ◽

Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽

Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽

Neural Mechanism ◽

Reading Impairment ◽

English Reading ◽

L2 Learners ◽

L1 And L2 ◽

Esl Learners

Auditory phonological processing skills are critical for successful reading development in English not only in native (L1) speakers but also in second language (L2) learners. However, the neural deficits of auditory phonological processing remain unknown in English-as-the-second-language (ESL) learners with reading difficulties. Here we investigated neural responses during spoken word rhyme judgments in typical and impaired ESL readers in China. The impaired readers showed comparable activation in the left superior temporal gyrus (LSTG), but reduced activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) and left fusiform and reduced connectivity between the LSTG and left fusiform when compared to typical readers. These findings suggest that impaired ESL readers have relative intact representations but impaired manipulation of phonology and reduced or absent automatic access to orthographic representations. This is consistent with previous findings in native English speakers and suggests a common neural mechanism underlying English impairment across the L1 and L2 learners.

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Night eating patterns and chronotypes: A correlation with binge eating behaviors

Psychiatry Research ◽

10.1016/j.psychres.2012.07.004 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 200 (2-3) ◽

pp. 489-493 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Ana Harb ◽

Rosa Levandovski ◽

Ceres Oliveira ◽

Wolnei Caumo ◽

Kelly Costello Allison ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Binge Eating ◽

Eating Behaviors ◽

Eating Patterns ◽

Night Eating

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P.097 Subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with a thromboembolic ischemic stroke- an unexpected observation

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques ◽

10.1017/cjn.2018.199 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 (s2) ◽

pp. S42-S42

Author(s):

A Almutlaq ◽

S Alhusaini ◽

C Chalk ◽

R Cote

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽

Ct Scan ◽

Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽

Brain Mri ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Ct Angiogram ◽

External Capsule ◽

Diagnostic Confusion

Atherosclerosis is a significant risk factor for ischemic stroke, and is a frequent cause for extra- and intra-cranial vessels stenosis. Here, we present an unusual case of ischemic stroke associated with intra-cranial vessel stenosis and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) secondary to carotid artery atheroma. A 64-year old female known for hypertension and dyslipidemia presented with a three-day history of three transient episodes (< 30 minutes) of dysarthria and right hand weakness. An initial brain CT scan revealed left frontal SAH. She was admitted to our Stroke Unit for observation and management. CT-angiogram revealed 90% ICAs stenosis bilaterally with several short focal stenotic lesions, involving several left MCA branches. Brain MRI revealed acute infarcts in the left insula, external capsule and inferior frontal gyrus. The clinical picture was attributed to a thromboembolic left MCA ischemic stroke. She was managed with maximum medical therapy, and later underwent successful left carotid endarterectomy. The presence of SAH on our patient’s presenting CT scan lead to an initial radiological diagnosis of RCVS. However, subsequent imaging studies indicated that SAH had occurred in association with a thromboembolic ischemic stroke. Despite its rarity, this clinical association is important to recognize to avoid diagnostic confusion and guide appropriate management.

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Preliminary comparative study of cortical thickness in HIV-infected patients with and without working memory deficit

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0261208 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (12) ◽

pp. e0261208

Author(s):

Rafael Ferracini Cabral ◽

Diogo Goulart Corrêa ◽

Nicolle Zimmermann ◽

Gustavo Tukamoto ◽

Tadeu Takao Almodovar Kubo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽

Memory Deficit ◽

Cognitive Domain ◽

Adult Intelligence Scale ◽

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽

Wechsler Adult Intelligence ◽

Cortical Regions ◽

Cluster 2

Purpose Changes in cerebral cortical regions occur in HIV-infected patients, even in those with mild neurocognitive disorders. Working memory / attention is one of the most affected cognitive domain in these patients, worsening their quality of life. Our objective was to assess whether cortical thickness differs between HIV-infected patients with and without working memory deficit. Methods Forty-one adult HIV-infected patients with and without working memory deficit were imaged on a 1.5 T scanner. Working memory deficit was classified by composite Z scores for performance on the Digits and Letter-Number Sequencing subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (third edition; WAIS-III). Cortical thickness was determined using FreeSurfer software. Differences in mean cortical thickness between groups, corrected for multiple comparisons using Monte-Carlo simulation, were examined using the query design estimate contrast tool of the FreeSurfer software. Results Greater cortical thickness in left pars opercularis of the inferior frontal gyrus, and rostral and caudal portions of the left middle frontal gyrus (cluster 1; p = .004), and left superior frontal gyrus (cluster 2; p = .004) was observed in HIV-infected patients with working memory deficit compared with those without such deficit. Negative correlations were found between WAIS-III–based Z scores and cortical thickness in the two clusters (cluster 1: ρ = –0.59; cluster 2: ρ = –0.47). Conclusion HIV-infected patients with working memory deficit have regions of greater thickness in the left frontal cortices compared with those without such deficit, which may reflect increased synaptic contacts and/or an inflammatory response related to the damage caused by HIV infection.

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When honest people cheat, and cheaters are honest: Cognitive control processes override our moral default

10.1101/2020.01.23.907634 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sebastian P.H. Speer ◽

Ale Smidts ◽

Maarten A.S. Boksem

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Control ◽

Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽

Neural Mechanism ◽

Cingulate Cortex ◽

Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Temporoparietal Junction ◽

Self Image ◽

Trial Basis

AbstractEvery day, we are faced with the conflict between the temptation to cheat for financial gains and maintaining a positive image of ourselves as being a ‘good person’. While it has been proposed that cognitive control is needed to mediate this conflict between reward and our moral self-image, the exact role of cognitive control in (dis)honesty remains elusive. Here, we identify this role, by investigating the neural mechanism underlying cheating. We developed a novel task which allows for inconspicuously measuring spontaneous cheating on a trial-by-trial basis in the MRI scanner. We found that activity in the Nucleus Accumbens promotes cheating, particularly for individuals who cheat a lot, while a network consisting of Posterior Cingulate Cortex, Temporoparietal Junction and Medial Prefrontal Cortex promotes honesty, particularly in individuals who are generally honest. Finally, activity in areas associated with Cognitive Control (Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Inferior Frontal Gyrus) helped dishonest participants to be honest, whereas it promoted cheating for honest participants. Thus, our results suggest that cognitive control is not needed to be honest or dishonest per se, but that it depends on an individual’s moral default.

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Cortical thickness and surface area correlates with cognitive dysfunction among first-episode psychosis patients

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291716000684 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (10) ◽

pp. 2145-2155 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

L. Haring ◽

A. Müürsepp ◽

R. Mõttus ◽

P. Ilves ◽

K. Koch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Structure Function ◽

Surface Area ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

Brain Structure ◽

Brain Mri ◽

Brain Regions ◽

First Episode Psychosis ◽

First Episode ◽

Neurocognitive Performance ◽

Episode Psychosis

BackgroundIn studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), some have reported specific brain structure–function relationships among first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients, but findings are inconsistent. We aimed to localize the brain regions where cortical thickness (CTh) and surface area (cortical area; CA) relate to neurocognition, by performing an MRI on participants and measuring their neurocognitive performance using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), in order to investigate any significant differences between FEP patients and control subjects (CS).MethodExploration of potential correlations between specific cognitive functions and brain structure was performed using CANTAB computer-based neurocognitive testing and a vertex-by-vertex whole-brain MRI analysis of 63 FEP patients and 30 CS.ResultsSignificant correlations were found between cortical parameters in the frontal, temporal, cingular and occipital brain regions and performance in set-shifting, working memory manipulation, strategy usage and sustained attention tests. These correlations were significantly dissimilar between FEP patients and CS.ConclusionsSignificant correlations between CTh and CA with neurocognitive performance were localized in brain areas known to be involved in cognition. The results also suggested a disrupted structure–function relationship in FEP patients compared with CS.

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Neurochemical Correlates of Brain Atrophy in Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Cortical Thickness Study

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci10060395 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 395

Author(s):

Paola Feraco ◽

Salvatore Nigro ◽

Luca Passamonti ◽

Alessandro Grecucci ◽

Maria Eugenia Caligiuri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽

Pain Modulation ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Cingulate Gyrus ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner ◽

The Right

(1) Background: Recently, a series of clinical neuroimaging studies on fibromyalgia (FM) have shown a reduction in cortical volume and abnormally high glutamate (Glu) and glutamate + glutamine (Glx) levels in regions associated with pain modulation. However, it remains unclear whether the volumetric decreases and increased Glu levels in FM are related each other. We hypothesized that higher Glu levels are related to decreases in cortical thickness (CT) and volume in FM patients. (2) Methods: Twelve females with FM and 12 matched healthy controls participated in a session of combined 3.0 Tesla structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and single-voxel MR spectroscopy focused on the thalami and ventrolateral prefrontal cortices (VLPFC). The thickness of the cortical and subcortical gray matter structures and the Glu/Cr and Glx/Cr ratios were estimated. Statistics included an independent t-test and Spearman’s test. (3) Results: The Glu/Cr ratio of the left VLPFC was negatively related to the CT of the left inferior frontal gyrus (pars opercularis (p = 0.01; r = −0.75) and triangularis (p = 0.01; r = −0.70)). Moreover, the Glx/Cr ratio of the left VLPFC was negatively related to the CT of the left middle anterior cingulate gyrus (p = 0.003; r = −0.81). Significantly lower CTs in FM were detected in subparts of the cingulate gyrus on both sides and in the right inferior occipital gyrus (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: Our findings are in line with previous observations that high glutamate levels can be related, in a concentration-dependent manner, to the morphological atrophy described in FM patients.

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