Driving After Drinking Alcohol Associated with Insufficient Sleep and Insomnia among Student Athletes and Non-Athletes

Introduction: The proportion of university/college students (UCS) consuming alcohol is similar to the number of those reporting poor sleep, at approximately 30%, the proportion being greater in student athletes (SA). What remains to be understood is if poor sleep potentiates risky behaviors. Objective: Our aim was to examine the association among sleep difficulties, insomnia symptoms, and insufficient sleep on the risk of driving under the influence of alcohol in a sample of UCS and whether these associations were more pertinent in SA. Methods: Data from the National University/College Health Assessment was used from the years 2011–2014. Questions on number of drinks consumed and behaviors such as driving after drinking alcohol were related to answers to questions pertaining to sleep difficulties, insufficient sleep, and insomnia symptoms. Results: Mean alcohol intake was of about 3 drinks; SA consumed significantly more than student non-athletes (SNA). Binge-drinking episodes were significantly higher among SA than SNA. Difficulty sleeping was associated with an increased likelihood of driving after any drinks and after 5 or more drinks in both groups, effects being stronger among SA. Insomnia was associated with an increased likelihood of driving after any drinks and after 5 or more drinks in SA and after 5 or more drinks in SNA. These effects were stronger among athletes. Conclusion: The present study found that self-reported difficulties sleeping, insomnia symptoms, and insufficient sleep are associated with driving after drinking alcohol. This relationship applied to driving after drinking any alcohol or binge drinking and was again stronger among SA than SNA.

Download Full-text

0979 Insufficient Sleep Duration and Insomnia Symptoms Independently Predict Suicide Ideation in Student Athletes and Non-Athletes

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsy061.978 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. A363-A363

Author(s):

A Haghighi ◽

A Athey ◽

W Killgore ◽

J Gehrels ◽

P Alfonso-Miller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Duration ◽

Student Athletes ◽

Suicide Ideation ◽

Insufficient Sleep ◽

Insomnia Symptoms

Download Full-text

0507 Mobile Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is Efficient in Improving Sleep in Students

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.504 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A194-A194

Author(s):

S Eyal ◽

Y Altman ◽

A Baharav

Keyword(s):

Social Life ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Later Life ◽

Mobile App ◽

Cognitive Behavioral ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Circadian Misalignment ◽

Insomnia Symptoms ◽

Sleep Difficulties

Abstract Introduction Academic achievements and social life on campus represent the main focus for students, while sleep is neglected. The emergence of social media, gaming reduces sleep opportunity, quality and ability. Students are sleep challenged and prone to develop chronic sleep difficulties in later life. Cognitive behavioral interventions are recognized as effective for insomnia and circadian misalignment. We aimed at detecting sleep difficulties, related habits, and at testing the efficacy of a mobile app in improving sleep in students with insomnia symptoms. Methods Observational study of US students who approached wellness staff and were offered the Refresh by Sleeprate mobile app that provides a sleep assessment followed by weekly cycles of personalized digital cognitive and behavioral reframing. The app collects perceived, and optional objective sleep data acquired using wearable devices. 892 students aged 18-30 years registered an account between Jan 1 and Oct 30, 2019. The study reports engagement data and outcomes of the assessment and the digital intervention. Results 507 completed their assessment (6.2 avg nights). 69% presented insomnia symptoms with or without circadian misalignment, 8% circadian misalignment, 12% sleep deprivation, 11% poor sleep hygiene. 192 (55.3% of students with insomnia symptoms) completed at least one week of intervention (5.6 weekly avg nights, 28 avg total nights). Sleep Latency (SL) in minutes decreased from 28.8 (21.5) (Mean/SD) to 22.1 (19.3), p<0.001. When the initial mean SL was longer than 30 minutes, the improvement was larger, from 53.9 (20.8) to 32.7 (25.4) (p<0.001). Mean perceived Wake After Sleep Onset (WASO) longer than 30 minutes decreased from 46.3 (19.0) to 35.8 (21.4), p<0.05. Sleep Efficiency (SE) increased by 1.6% (p<0.002) for all, and by 7.1% (p<0.001) for SE<85%. Conclusion The mobile app used reveals sleep problems and is efficient in improving insomnia symptoms in those who remain engaged. 55% of those who started the program also completed it. Engagement remains the main barrier to sleep improvement at scale. Support N/A

Download Full-text

Sleep Apps for Youth: A Scoping Review of What is Available and What is Needed (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.13379 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Kristin HG Maich ◽

Rana Abu-Jazar ◽

Rachael Burnett ◽

Carly Cosgrove ◽

William Maich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Empirical Support ◽

Second Phase ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Unique Problem ◽

Self Monitoring ◽

Primary Function ◽

Primary Investigator ◽

Insomnia Symptoms ◽

Sleep Difficulties

BACKGROUND Sleep difficulties are prevalent and concerning for many North Americans. Despite strong empirical support for insomnia treatment, lack of access presents a significant barrier to treatment dissemination. This is particularly true amongst teens and young adults. Mobile applications (‘apps’) are uniquely suited to address this need. OBJECTIVE We conducted a scoping review to identify and appraise commercially available apps for AYAs with sleep difficulties. METHODS Proceeding in 3 phases, a comprehensive search of commercially available apps was conducted between August 2016 and January 2017. The initial phase involved a search of app stores using relevant search terms (sleep; sleeping; insomnia; sleep aid; night). In the second phase, apps were assessed for eligibility using the following inclusion criteria: 1) Goal is to provide education, tools, or advice related to management of insomnia symptoms. 2) Primary intended users are AYAs. Exclusion criteria were: 1) App is classified as an ‘e-book.’ 2) Primary utility is meditation, hypnosis, or relaxation for sleep. 3) Primary function is background sleep music or sounds. 4) Primary function is alarm clock. 5) Sole sleep aid function is tracking/monitoring, with no education, tools, or advice for insomnia. In the third phase, apps were culled for functionality information, including: A) Self-monitoring of symptoms; B) Tracking sleep; C) Education related to insomnia; D) Advice or intervention for managing insomnia symptoms. Finally, the primary investigator conducted a final review of phase 3 apps, closely examining the functionality of these apps, based on app descriptions, app content, and developer website (where available). RESULTS The initial search yielded 2036 apps; after eligibility criteria were applied, functionality information was extracted for 48 apps. Twenty-three of these were later excluded. Of the final 25 apps, 24% included self-monitoring of symptoms; 28% included a sleep tracking function; 56% provided insomnia education; and 92% provided advice or intervention for managing sleep difficulties. The majority (80%) were free. Several (20%) provided sleep interventions that are not supported by research. In the final evaluation, only 6 apps met all four of the functionality criteria; of these, none were geared towards AYA users specifically. The purported and examined functionality of these six apps are discussed. CONCLUSIONS Insomnia is a unique problem among AYAs, as non-insomnia factors must also be considered when designing an appropriate intervention (e.g., AYAs are more delayed in sleep schedule, require more sleep than adults). There are currently 6 apps that are appropriate for self-management of adult insomnia. There are 0 apps designed for AYA users. Development of an evidence-based app for managing insomnia in this population is critical. Once an appropriate app becomes available, future studies should test its usability and efficacy in AYA samples.

Download Full-text

A brief sleep focused psychoeducation program for sleep-related outcomes in new mothers: a randomized controlled trial

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsaa101 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Liora Kempler ◽

Louise A Sharpe ◽

Nathaniel S Marshall ◽

Delwyn J Bartlett

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Daytime Sleepiness ◽

Linear Mixed Model ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Maternal Sleep ◽

Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽

Secondary Outcomes ◽

Insomnia Symptoms

Abstract Study Objectives Poor sleep is commonly problematic during pregnancy and postpartum and is associated with depression. This trial investigated the efficacy of prenatal brief, group sleep psychoeducation in improving postpartum maternal sleep, and depression. Methods A total of 215 healthy expectant first-time mothers were cluster randomized (1:1) to receive either a 2 × 1.5 h psychoeducation intervention and a set of booklets, or a set of booklets only. Participants completed questionnaires during pregnancy (pre-intervention), and 6 weeks and 4 months postpartum. A post hoc subset of questionnaires was collected at 10 months postpartum. The primary hypothesis was the intervention group would have improved postpartum sleep quality, and reduced levels of insomnia symptoms, fatigue, and daytime sleepiness compared to the control group. Secondary outcomes included depression, anxiety, and stress. Results Linear mixed model analyses failed to confirm a group by time interaction on primary or secondary outcomes across all time points. There was no effect of the intervention on outcomes at 6 weeks, or 10 months postpartum. A significant time by group interaction was found at 4 months, favoring the intervention for sleep quality (p = 0.03) and insomnia symptoms (p = 0.03), but not fatigue or daytime sleepiness. Conclusions Prenatal sleep psychoeducation did not produce a sustained effect on maternal sleep throughout the postpartum period. There was little evidence of benefits on depressive symptoms. Clinical Trial Registration ACTRN12611000859987

Download Full-text

Frequency of Hazardous and Binge Drinking Alcohol Among Hospitalized Cardiovascular Patients

The American Journal of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/j.amjcard.2021.05.026 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kyle Gobeil ◽

Theodore Medling ◽

Paolo Tavares ◽

Khalid Sawalha ◽

Mohammed Abozenah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Binge Drinking ◽

Drinking Alcohol ◽

Cardiovascular Patients

Download Full-text

694 Insufficient sleep linked with higher COVID-19 infection cases and deaths in the United States

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.692 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A271-A271

Author(s):

Azizi Seixas ◽

Nicholas Pantaleo ◽

Samrachana Adhikari ◽

Michael Grandner ◽

Giardin Jean-Louis

Keyword(s):

Regression Models ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

The United States ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

County Level ◽

Infection Rates ◽

Insufficient Sleep ◽

Death Rates ◽

Rural Counties ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Introduction Causes of COVID-19 burden in urban, suburban, and rural counties are unclear, as early studies provide mixed results implicating high prevalence of pre-existing health risks and chronic diseases. However, poor sleep health that has been linked to infection-based pandemics may provide additional insight for place-based burden. To address this gap, we investigated the relationship between habitual insufficient sleep (sleep <7 hrs./24 hr. period) and COVID-19 cases and deaths across urban, suburban, and rural counties in the US. Methods County-level variables were obtained from the 2014–2018 American community survey five-year estimates and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. These included percent with insufficient sleep, percent uninsured, percent obese, and social vulnerability index. County level COVID-19 infection and death data through September 12, 2020 were obtained from USA Facts. Cumulative COVID-19 infections and deaths for urban (n=68), suburban (n=740), and rural (n=2331) counties were modeled using separate negative binomial mixed effects regression models with logarithmic link and random state-level intercepts. Zero-inflated models were considered for deaths among suburban and rural counties to account for excess zeros. Results Multivariate regression models indicated positive associations between cumulative COVID-19 infection rates and insufficient sleep in urban, suburban and rural counties. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) for urban counties was 1.03 (95% CI: 1.01 – 1.05), 1.04 (95% CI: 1.02 – 1.05) for suburban, and 1.02 (95% CI: 1.00 – 1.03) rural counties.. Similar positive associations were observed with county-level COVID-19 death rates, IRR = 1.11 (95% CI: 1.07 – 1.16) for urban counties, IRR = 1.04 (95% CI: 1.01 – 1.06) for suburban counties, and IRR = 1.03 (95% CI: 1.01 – 1.05) for rural counties. Level of urbanicity moderated the association between insufficient sleep and COVID deaths, but not for the association between insufficient sleep and COVID infection rates. Conclusion Insufficient sleep was associated with COVID-19 infection cases and mortality rates in urban, suburban and rural counties. Level of urbanicity only moderated the relationship between insufficient sleep and COVID death rates. Future studies should investigate individual-level analysis to understand the role of sleep mitigating COVID-19 infection and death rates. Support (if any) NIH (K07AG052685, R01MD007716, R01HL142066, K01HL135452, R01HL152453

Download Full-text

Relationships Among Extreme Sports Participation, Sensation Seeking, and Negative Risky Behaviors of Middle-School Students

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.722769 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Hu Chunmei ◽

He Lingling ◽

Ge Ning ◽

Li Yang

Keyword(s):

Middle School ◽

Middle School Students ◽

Sensation Seeking ◽

Participation Rate ◽

Sports Participation ◽

Risky Behaviors ◽

Gambling Behavior ◽

Drinking Alcohol ◽

School Students ◽

Extreme Sports

Objective: The aim was to investigate the relationships among extreme sports participation, sensation seeking, and negative risky behaviors (smoking, drinking alcohol, and gambling) for middle-school students.Methods: Using a convenience sampling procedure, all students from a middle school in a district of Chongqing were selected to participate in the survey, which included questions on their extreme sports participation rate, and smoking, drinking alcohol, and gambling behavior.Results: A sample of 2,987 middle-school students participated in this study. The results showed that the proportions of students participating in extreme sports, smoking, drinking alcohol, and gambling were 19.9, 4.8, 18.4, and 3.0%, respectively. There were significant differences between different genders, schools, place of residence, smoking, drinking, gambling, and sensation seeking of the participation rate of students of extreme sports, the rate of boys, junior middle-school students, urban students, smokers, alcohol drinkers, gamblers, and high-sensation-seeking students were relatively higher than that of girls, senior middle-school students, rural students, no-smokers, no-alcohol drinkers, no-gamblers, and low-sensation-seeking students. Alcohol drinking, gambling, and sensation seeking were associated with extreme sports participation, and the students who drank alcohol, who gambled, and who were high sensation seeking were more likely to participate in extreme sports than those who did not drink alcohol, who did not gamble, and who were low sensation seeking.Conclusion: Middle schools should integrate extreme sports education into physical education and risky-behavior education, strengthen relevant knowledge and safety training, and guide students to meet their sensation-seeking needs through participation in extreme sports instead of risky behaviors.

Download Full-text

A study on sleep apnea in patients with abnormal sewda type of depression

Traditional Medicine and Modern Medicine ◽

10.1142/s2575900020500044 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Aman Gul ◽

Nassirhadjy Memtily ◽

Pirdun Mijit ◽

Palidan Wushuer ◽

Ainiwaer Talifu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rem Sleep ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Sleep Time ◽

Sleep Efficiency ◽

Control Group ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Sleep Structure ◽

Maintenance Rate ◽

Sleep Maintenance ◽

Insomnia Symptoms

Objective: To preliminarily investigate the clinical features and PSG in abnormal sewda-type depressive insomnia. Methods: A total of 127 abnormal sewda-type depressive insomnia patients were evaluated with overnight PSG, and 32 normal participants were compared. Results: Patients with abnormal sewda-type depressive insomnia were compared with the control group; the sleep symptoms showed a long incubation period of sleep, low sleep maintenance rate, low sleep efficiency and poor sleep quality as well as daytime dysfunction. At process and continuity of sleep: Total sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep maintenance rate in abnormal sewda-type depressive insomnia group were shorter than the control group. Wake after sleep onset, and sleep latency were longer than the control group. At sleep structure: N1 ratio and N2 ratio in depressive insomnia group were longer than the control group, N3 ratio and REM sleep ratio shorter than the control group. At REM index: REM latency, REM cycles, and REM sleep time were shorter than the control group. Conclusion: Insomnia symptoms in abnormal sewda-type depression comorbid insomnia patients were similar to the ordinary insomnia patients. The PSG characteristics had significant changes in sleep process, sleep structure and REM indicators. The severity of the abnormal sewda-type depression was closely related to REM indicators. Change of REM sleep characteristics may be the specificity, and these could be taken as reference in diagnosis and identification of abnormal sewda-type depressive insomnia.

Download Full-text

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY (CBT) TERHADAP PENURUNAN SIMPTOM- SIMPTOM INSOMNIA PADA PENDERITA INSOMNIA

Akademika Jurnal Ilmiah Media Publikasi Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi ◽

10.31314/akademika.v8i2.407 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 142

Author(s):

Lenny Syamsudin

Keyword(s):

Behavior Therapy ◽

Cognitive Behavior Therapy ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Cognitive Behavior ◽

The Subject ◽

The One ◽

Irrational Thoughts ◽

Insomnia Symptoms ◽

Quasi Experiment

Insomnia is a sleep disorder where a person has difficulty starting sleep, maintaining sleep, or poor sleep quality so that he experiences fatigue, irritability and less productive the next day. In Indonesia the number of people with insomnia is around 30- 50 percent of the total population of Indonesia. This study aims to determine the effect of giving Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) to the reduction of symptoms of insomnia in people with insomnia. The focus of this study is to change the irrational thoughts in people with insomnia, to make it more rational. This research uses Quasi Experiment method with The One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Insomnia is measured using a measuring instrument that has been adapted from the Pittsburgh Insomnia Rating Scale using the translate re translate method with insomnia subjects. The results showed changes in insomnia characterized by a decrease in insomnia symptoms in the subject after being given an intervention in the form of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT). Based on these data, it can be concluded that the administration of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) affects the reduction of insomnia symptoms in insomniacsInsomnia merupakan suatu gangguan tidur dimana seseorang mengalami kesulitan untuk memulai tidur, menjaga tidur, atau kualitas tidur yang buruk sehingga mengalami kelelahan, mudah tersinggung dan kurang produktif keesokan harinya. Di Indonesia jumlah penderita insomnia sekitar 30 sampai 50 persen dari total penduduk Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) terhadap penurunan simptom- simptom insomnia pada penderita insomnia. Fokus penelitian ini untuk merubah pikiran irasional pada penderita insomnia, agar lebih rasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Quasi Experiment dengan desain The One Group Pretest- Posttest Design. Insomnia diukur dengan menggunakan alat ukur yang telah diadaptasi dari Pittsburgh Insomnia Rating Scale dengan menggunakan metode translate re translate dengan subjek penderita insomnia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi perubahan insomnia yang ditandai dengan penurunan simptom-simptom insomnia pada subjek setelah diberikan intervensi berupa Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT). Berdasarkan data tersebut, dapat ditarik simpulan bahwa pemberian Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) berpengaruh terhadap penurunan simptom-simptom insomnia pada penderita insomnia.

Download Full-text

Abstract P343: Sex Differences in Cardiovascular/Cerebrovascular Mortality Risk Associated With Chronic Insomnia

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.137.suppl_1.p343 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Julio Fernandez-Mendoza ◽

Fan He ◽

Alexandros N Vgontzas ◽

Duanping Liao ◽

Edward O Bixler

Keyword(s):

Mental Health Problems ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Population Sample ◽

Health Problems ◽

Chronic Insomnia ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Sleep Difficulty ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Sleep Difficulties

Introduction: It remains unknown whether individuals with chronic insomnia are at increased risk of mortality, particularly cardiovascular or cerebrovascular (CVD/CBV) mortality. Given the higher prevalence of insomnia in women than in men, it is unknown whether its prognosis in terms of mortality is also different across sexes. Hypothesis: The risk of CVD/CBV mortality associated with chronic insomnia is significantly higher than in non-complaining individuals and this risk is modified by sex. Methods: We addressed this question in the Penn State Adult Cohort, a random, general population sample of 1,741 men and women (48.7 ± 13.5 years) who were studied in the sleep laboratory and followed-up for their cause of death up to 15 years. Sleep difficulty was assessed based on three levels of severity: chronic insomnia (i.e., a complaint of chronic sleep difficulties lasting at least 1 year), poor sleep (i.e., moderate-to-severe sleep difficulties at any given time) and none (i.e., absence of either of the two categories). Cox regression models controlled for potential confounders, including age, race, body mass index, years of education, smoking, sleep disordered breathing, alcohol use, mental health problems, hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, stroke and other physical health problems. Results: Poor sleep and chronic insomnia were significantly more prevalent in females (26.7% and 10.7%, respectively) than males (17.6% and 4.1%, respectively). A significant interaction (p = 0.04) showed that the risk of CVD/CBV mortality associated with chronic insomnia was modified by male sex, while poor sleep was not significantly associated with increased risk of CVD/CBV mortality in either males or females. Chronic insomnia was associated with a 2.9-fold (95%CI=1.53-5.61) increased risk of CVD/CBV mortality in males even after adjusting for all confounders, while this risk was not significantly elevated in females (HR=1.13, 95%CI=0.56-2.31). Conclusions: Chronic insomnia is associated with increased risk of CVD/CBV mortality in males, while it has a better prognosis in females despite its higher prevalence. These data suggest potential sex-related vulnerabilities in the underlying mechanisms linking chronic insomnia with CVD/CBV morbidity and mortality.

Download Full-text