scholarly journals Fire Protective Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete Plates for Steel Structures under Different Types of Fire Exposure

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Marina Gravit ◽  
Elena Golub ◽  
Boris Klementev ◽  
Ivan Dmitriev
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Fire Tests ◽  
Standard Fire

In a situation where a fire occurs either in a tunnel with a burning vehicle carrying petroleum products, at an offshore platform, or at an oil and gas asset to be protected, such a case is commonly described using a hydrocarbon fire curve. Therefore, it is extremely important to design construction, which can maintain stability and bearing capacity both under the standard and hydrocarbon fire modes. The purpose in this work is to hold a behavior simulation of a steel structure with fireproofing ensured through lightweight concrete slabs reinforced with fiber glass as well as a validation of the outcomes by assessing the experimental findings obtained from the relevant fire tests. A fire resistance study was carried out here for steel structures with a profile ratio of 156 mm−1 for the cases of a standard fire and of a hydrocarbon fire. A constant static load of 687 kN (70 tf) was taken for standard fire and 294 kN (30 tf) for hydrocarbon fire; the column was under vertical compression with one end resting on a hinged support and the other end rigidly fixed. The specimen design incorporated single-layer box-section cladding made of Pyro-Safe Aestuver T slabs, 40 mm thick and of a 650 kg/m3 density, pre-cut to fit the column size. The column strength loss (R) ultimately occurred after 240 min in the standard fire case and after 180 min in the hydrocarbon fire case. As the breach in the fireproofing structural integrity (E) or the installation accuracy cannot be considered, the limit state indicators may show certain discrepancies. According to the simulation performed using SOFiSTiK software, the design fire resistance rating of the structure in a hydrocarbon fire case was 58% higher than the figure obtained by holding fire tests due to the slabs cracking during the experiment session; the discrepancy between the outcomes of the session and the simulation in a standard fire case was as much as 15%.

scholarly journals Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Fire Resistance for Steel Structures of Ships and Offshore Platforms

Fire ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Marina Gravit ◽  
Daria Shabunina
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Mineral Wool ◽  
Offshore Platforms ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Standard Fire

The requirements for the fire resistance of steel structures of oil and gas facilities for transportation and production of hydrocarbons are considered (structures of tankers and offshore platforms). It is found that the requirements for the values of fire resistance of structures under hydrocarbon rather than standard fire conditions are given only for offshore stationary platforms. Experimental studies on the loss of integrity (E) and thermal insulating capacity (I) of steel bulkheads and deck with mineral wool under standard and hydrocarbon fire regimes are presented. Simulation of structure heating was performed, which showed a good correlation with the experimental results (convective heat transfer coefficients for bulkheads of class H: 50 W/m2·K; for bulkheads of class A: 25 W/m2·K). The consumption of mineral slabs and endothermic mat for the H-0 bulkhead is predicted. It is calculated that under a standard fire regime, mineral wool with a density of 80–100 kg/m2 and a thickness of 40 to 85 mm should be used; under a hydrocarbon fire regime, mineral wool with a density above 100 kg/m2 and a thickness of 60–150 mm is required. It is shown that to protect the structures of decks and bulkheads in a hydrocarbon fire regime, it is necessary to use 30–40% more thermal insulation and apply the highest density of fire-retardant material compared to the standard fire regime. Parameters of thermal conductivity and heat capacity of the applied flame retardant in the temperature range from 0 to 1000 °C were clarified.

scholarly journals Performance-Based Analysis of Single-Layer Cylindrical Steel Reticulated Shells in Fire

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3099
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Yu ◽  
Chen Lu ◽  
Yiqin Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Interior Space ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Fire Scenarios

With the rapid development of architectural technology, long-span structures have been widely used due to their vast interior space and beautiful architectural composition. Due to the characteristics and high costs of coating materials on large steel structures, fire resistance designs for these kinds of structures have become more and more important. This paper presents comprehensive case analyses of the fire performance of single-layer cylindrical reticulated shells. Nonuniform fire temperature fields of single-layer cylindrical reticulated shells in different fire scenarios were generated using a Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). The influences of different parameters on the air temperature field during a fire in a reticulated shell structure were analyzed. A Finite Element (FE) model was developed using the FE software ABAQUS to model the structural behavior of single-layer cylindrical reticulated shells in different fire scenarios. The effects of various parameters on the responses of single-layer cylindrical reticulated shells during a fire were investigated. Using the results from the performance-based analysis in this research, we propose some recommendations for fire resistance designs for single-layer cylindrical reticulated shells.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR OF FIRE PROTECTED DOUBLE CFT COLUMN SUBJECTED TO FIRE LOAD

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Soo Chung ◽  
Jae Sung Lee ◽  
Jong Eun Song ◽  
Woo Chul Kim ◽  
Heung Youl Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Fire Test ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Temperature Deformation ◽  
Fire Tests ◽  
Fire Performance ◽  
Fire Load ◽  
Standard Fire ◽  
Fire Endurance ◽  
Cft Column

New concrete filled double-tube (CFDT) sections consist of an inner and outer tube with fire protection mortar (FPM) filling the cavity between them and the inner tube also filled with concrete or not. An investigation into the fire performance of CFDT during the standard fire test is reported. Six full size FPM filled CFDT columns were designed for the fire tests. Detail failure modes of overall specimens and each component in the columns as well as temperature, deformation and fire endurance were presented. It showed that the fire resistance in the CFDT columns is significantly higher than that in concrete filled steel tubular (CFT) columns. Investigation into the fire performance of the columns reveals possible solutions to improve the fire resistance of CFT members.

Research of Fire Resistance of Elements of Steel Frames of Industrial Buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 1038 ◽  
pp. 506-513
Author(s):  
Viktor Hvozd ◽  
Eugene Tishchenko ◽  
Andriy Berezovskyi ◽  
Stanislav Sidnei
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Steel Frames ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Computational Experiments ◽  
Industrial Buildings

The article considers and analyses the methods by which it is possible to carry out research to determine the fire resistance of elements of steel frames of industrial buildings. It is determined that it is expedient to use the means of computational fluid dynamics, which has no limitations due to the high cost, complexity, environmental friendliness and complexity in comparison with real experiments. In order to conduct the most reliable computational experiments, mathematical models of temperature and mechanical reaction to the thermal effect of fire were created, taking into account the equations of thermal conductivity, systems of differential equations of stress-strain state of solids in their numerical implementation based on the finite element method. The solution of mathematical models was carried out using computational fluid dynamics, which describes the process of heat and mass transfer in test fire furnaces during the determination of fire resistance of steel structures. According to the results of computational experiments it is shown that the limiting state of loss of bearing capacity of vertical and horizontal structures occurs due to the formation of a zone of plastic deformations taking into account the associative theory of plasticity. According to the results of computational experiments, the dependence of the limit of fire resistance on the level of applied load to structures, which is close to linear, was revealed. Based on the obtained dependences and the corresponding graphs, a technique is developed based on the use of maximum deformations of the elements with the corresponding fixation of the limit state on the loss of fire resistance in terms of bearing capacity by bending this curve.

scholarly journals The fire resistant ceiling construction in a hydrocarbon fire

2018 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 03004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Gravit ◽  
Elena Golub
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Combustion Regime ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Horizontal Structure ◽  
Temperature Combustion ◽  
And Storage

Fire protection of building structures under the hydrocarbon fire is becoming more relevant, especially in the design and construction of oil and gas and chemical complex facilities, including offshore fixed platforms, liquefied natural gas production and storage facilities and other objects of the fuel and energy complex. The development dynamics of such a fire requires a different approach to testing the structures in order to determine the fire resistance limit. The fire resistance tests of a steel horizontal structure with a fire resistance suspended ceiling of PROMATECT-T plates were carried out under the condition of creating a hydrocarbon temperature combustion regime. A detailed description of the tested ceiling design is given. It is shown that at the time of the end of the fire action, the limit state due to the loss of load capacity (R) and loss of integrity (E) was not recorded when the test reached 120 minutes.

scholarly journals Polymeric fiber reinforced concrete exposed to fire

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-52
Author(s):  
Dainer Marçal Dias ◽  
João Luiz Calmon ◽  
Geilma Lima Vieira
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Fire Test ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Fire Department ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Fire Tests ◽  
Pulp Fibers ◽  
Fire Load ◽  
Standard Fire ◽  
Complementary Analysis

The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of the addition of polypropylene, polyester, polyamide, aramid and aramid pulp fibers on the behavior of concretes subjected to high temperatures. For that, test specimens with fiber additions were made at a rate of 2 kg/m3 and submitted to temperatures in furnace, as well as to high temperatures through direct fire test. Columns were also built and subjected to a live fire simulator belonging to the Espírito Santo Fire Department - Brazil. Microstructural and mechanical properties were analyzed. It has been observed that the fibers may influence the properties of the concrete and that fire tests with standard fire load may be an alternative or complementary analysis of concrete subjected to elevated temperatures.

Evaluation of fire-retardant effectiveness of coatings for steel structures

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Владимир Ильич Голованов ◽  
Андрей Владимирович Пехотиков ◽  
Владимир Валерьевич Павлов
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Passive Fire Protection ◽  
Actual Fire

Представлены результаты анализа экспериментальной и аналитической оценки огнезащитной эффективности покрытий для стальных конструкций. Обобщены данные многолетних исследований по определению зависимостей от температуры таких теплофизических характеристик, как теплопроводность и теплоемкость. Разработана структурно-методологическая схема выбора огнезащитных покрытий для стальных конструкций в целях обеспечения нормативных требований по огнестойкости. Проведены экспериментальные исследования по определению огнезащитной эффективности терморасширяющихся покрытий на эпоксидной основе при воздействии температурного режима горения углеводородов. Рассмотрен вопрос о гармонизации методики экспериментальной оценки огнезащитной эффективности средств огнезащиты для стальных конструкций с действующими европейскими нормами. Установлены критерии выбора пассивной огнезащиты, зависящие от области применения способов огнезащиты. Steel structures have high strength, relative lightness and durability, but when exposed to high temperatures in a fire, they deform, lose stability and load-bearing capacity. The collapse of load-bearing steel structures can occur in 10-15 minutes after the fire start. The actual fire resistance limit of structures can be increased by using the active and passive fire protection systems. The use of the active system for increasing the actual fire resistance limit is not provided in the regulatory documents. Passive fire protection is a complex of technical solutions including the use of non-flammable materials and bulging compounds. It is also an integral part of the building structure that ensures the required fire resistance limit. Assessment of fire resistance of building structures of residential, public, warehouse and industrial buildings is carried out taking into account the temperature regime (cellulose) of a standard fire. At oil and gas, petrochemical enterprises as well as at oil production platforms fires can occur at combustion of various hydrocarbon fuels which are characterized by a rapid temperature increase to 1100 °C. In this case, in accordance with GOST R EN 1363-2-2014, the temperature regime of hydrocarbon combustion is used to assess the fire resistance of building structures. The fire-retardant effectiveness of fire protection means for steel structures is determined by the heating time of the standard I-shaped column without applying a static load on the sample to the average “critical” temperature of the steel of 500 °C. Materials used for fire protection of steel structures must have a good thermal insulation ability, which is estimated by the coefficient of thermal conductivity. When heated to high temperatures, the thermal conductivity coefficient of fire-resistant materials varies depending on their composition and temperature. Based on the analysis of research to determine the fire-retardant effectiveness of fire protection means for steel structures there was developed a structural and methodological scheme that allows to make a choice of fire protection. Currently, as a fire protection there are widely used intumescent paints and thermo-expandable coatings. Taking into account the lack of knowledge of the influence of long-term operation and a large number of other technological factors on the fire-retardant effectiveness of coatings of steel structures covered with intumescent paints, it would be right to limit the use of such type of fire protection for load-bearing structures contributing to the overall sustainability of buildings with a required fire resistance of R 30. For fire protection of steel structures of oil and gas facilities located in the open air, in severe climatic conditions and exposed to aggressive environments there is successfully used a thermo-expandable two-component epoxy-based coating. The analysis of experimental data showed that the use of epoxy-based coatings is suitable for metal structures in the open air. In closed rooms the epoxy intumescent coating should not be used because at high temperature in a fire it ignites with toxic combustion products release.

scholarly journals Fire behavior of shallow prestressed hollow core slabs from computational modeling

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 398-432
Author(s):  
D. L. ARAÚJO ◽  
G. D. C. PINTO
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Structural Systems ◽  
Hollow Core ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Standard Fire

Abstract Prestressed hollow core slabs are one of the structural systems whose use has increased the most in recent years in Brazil due to its efficiency and versatility. They can be used in many types of structural systems, such as masonry, precast concrete, cast-in-place concrete and steel structures. However, there are few analytical models to evaluate the fire behavior of hollow core slabs. In a simplified way, the fire resistance is evaluated indirectly through the minimum distance of the surface in contact with fire to the reinforcement axis. In this paper, some numerical models in finite element software were developed to analyze the variation of temperature with fire exposure time of shallow hollow core slabs, focusing on the presence of voids in the transversal section of the slab. The 500 °C isotherm method applied to 20 cm high slabs confirmed the Standard Fire Resistance obtained from the tabular method. However, when applied to shallow prestressed hollow core slabs that are 16 cm high, the 500 °C isotherm method indicated that the Standard Fire Resistance of these slabs is lower than values obtained from tabular methods.

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