Maintaining Weight Loss in Obese Men with Prostate Cancer Following a Supervised Exercise and Nutrition Program—A Pilot Study

Supervised exercise and nutrition programs can mitigate or reverse androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) induced fat mass (FM) gain, lean mass (LM) loss, and impaired physical function. It is unclear whether these benefits are retained following transition to self-management. This study examined the effect of a home-based weight maintenance program on body composition and physical function in obese men with prostate cancer (PCa) on ADT following a 12-week supervised weight loss intervention. Eleven obese PCa patients (74 ± 5 years, 40.0 ± 4.9% body fat) on ADT (>6 months) completed a 12-week self-managed home-based weight maintenance program consisting of 150 min/week of aerobic and resistance training while maintaining a healthy balanced diet. Body composition (DXA), muscle strength (1RM), and cardiorespiratory fitness (400 m walk) were assessed. Significant reductions in weight (−2.8 ± 3.2 kg) and FM (−2.8 ± 2.6 kg), preservation of LM (−0.05 ± 1.6 kg), and improvements in muscle strength and VO2max were achieved across the supervised intervention. Across the home-based program, no significant changes were observed in weight (−0.6 ± 2.8 kg, p = 0.508), FM (0.2 ± 1.4 kg, p = 0.619), LM (−0.8 ± 1.6 kg, p = 0.146), muscle strength (−0.2 to 4.1%, p = 0.086–0.745), or estimated VO2max (0.3 ± 2.1 mL/min/kg, p = 0.649). Self-managed, home-based exercise and nutrition programs are a viable strategy to promote maintenance of body composition and physical function following a supervised intervention in obese PCa patients on ADT.

Download Full-text

Effects of Resistance Exercise and Protein on Body Composition Following Weight Loss

Journal of Clinical Exercise Physiology ◽

10.31189/2165-6193-7.2.25 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 25-32

Author(s):

Wayne Westcott ◽

Amanda Colligan ◽

Kelly Lannutti ◽

Rita La Rosa Loud ◽

Samantha Vallier

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Weight Maintenance ◽

Meal Replacement ◽

Waist Girth ◽

Maintenance Program ◽

Weight Loss Study

Background: Research indicates that weight loss programs are effective for reducing body weight temporarily, but weight maintenance studies have been almost uniformly unsuccessful in preventing weight regain. Methods: Subjects who completed a 6-month weight loss study were invited to continue with a weight maintenance program. The weight loss study examined the effects of exercise (20 min strength, 20 min aerobics, twice weekly) and nutrition (1,200 to 1,800 kcal·d−1, 2 daily meal replacement protein shakes) on body weight and body composition. Weight loss program completers experienced improvements (P < 0.05) in body weight, percent fat, fat mass, lean mass, waist girth, and hip girth. Subjects who participated in the weight maintenance program performed the same strength and aerobic exercise protocol, but discontinued caloric restriction and decreased daily meal replacement protein shakes from 2 to 1. Results: After 6 months on the weight maintenance program, participants experienced improvement (P < 0.05) in percent fat, fat mass, lean mass, waist girth, and hip girth, with no significant change in body weight. A subgroup of subjects who continued the weight maintenance program for an additional 3 months experienced additional improvement (P < 0.05) in percent fat, fat mass, lean mass, waist girth, and hip girth, with no significant change in body weight. Conclusion: These findings indicated that a postdiet weight maintenance program incorporating 2 weekly resistance and aerobic exercise sessions coupled with a daily meal replacement protein shake was effective for avoiding weight regain and for improving body composition, with concurrent fat mass decrease and lean mass increase.

Download Full-text

Responsiveness to Resistance-Based Multimodal Exercise Among Men With Prostate Cancer Receiving Androgen Deprivation Therapy

Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network ◽

10.6004/jnccn.2019.7311 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (10) ◽

pp. 1211-1220 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dennis R. Taaffe ◽

Robert U. Newton ◽

Nigel Spry ◽

David J. Joseph ◽

Daniel A. Galvão

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Composition ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Physical Function ◽

Androgen Deprivation Therapy ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Androgen Deprivation ◽

Whole Body ◽

Appendicular Skeletal Muscle

Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in the management of prostate cancer (PCa) results in an array of adverse effects, and exercise is one strategy to counter treatment-related musculoskeletal toxicities. This study assessed the prevalence of exercise responsiveness in men with PCa undergoing ADT in terms of body composition, muscle strength, and physical function. Methods: Prospective analyses were performed in 152 men (aged 43–90 years) with PCa receiving ADT who were engaged in resistance exercise combined with aerobic or impact training for 3 to 6 months. Whole-body lean mass and fat mass (FM), trunk FM, and appendicular skeletal muscle were assessed with dual x-ray absorptiometry; upper and lower body muscle strength were assessed with the one-repetition maximum; and physical function was assessed with a battery of tests (6-m usual, fast, and backward walk; 400-m walk; repeated chair rise; stair climb). Results: Significant improvements were seen (P<.01) in lean mass (0.4±1.4 kg [range, −2.8 to +4.1 kg]), appendicular skeletal muscle (0.2±0.8 kg [range, −1.9 to +1.9 kg]), and all measures of muscle strength (chest press, 2.9±5.8 kg [range, −12.5 to +37.5 kg]; leg press, 29.2±27.6 kg [range, −50.0 to +140.0 kg]) and physical function (from −0.1±0.5 s [range, +1.3 to −2.1 s] for the 6-m walk; to −8.6±15.2 s [range, +25.2 to −69.7 s] for the 400-m walk). An increase in FM was also noted (0.6±1.8 kg [range, −3.6 to +7.3 kg]; P<.01). A total of 21 men did not exhibit a favorable response in at least one body composition component, 10 did not experience improved muscle strength, and 2 did not have improved physical function. However, all patients responded in at least one of the areas, and 120 (79%) favorably responded in all 3 areas. Conclusions: Despite considerable heterogeneity, most men with PCa receiving ADT responded to resistance-based multimodal exercise, and therefore our findings indicate that this form of exercise can be confidently prescribed to produce beneficial effects during active treatment.

Download Full-text

Androgen deprivation in prostate cancer: benefits of home-based resistance training

Sports Medicine - Open ◽

10.1186/s40798-020-00288-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Teresa Lam ◽

Birinder Cheema ◽

Amy Hayden ◽

Stephen R. Lord ◽

Howard Gurney ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Prostate Cancer ◽

Body Composition ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Physical Function ◽

Cell Mass ◽

Androgen Deprivation ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Home Based

Abstract Introduction Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has detrimental effects on body composition, metabolic health, physical functioning, bone mineral density (BMD) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in men with prostate cancer. We investigated whether a 12-month home-based progressive resistance training (PRT) programme, instituted at the start of ADT, could prevent these adverse effects. Methods Twenty-five patients scheduled to receive at least 12 months of ADT were randomly assigned to either usual care (UC) (n = 12) or PRT (n = 13) starting immediately after their first ADT injection. Body composition, body cell mass (BCM; a functional component of lean body mass), BMD, physical function, insulin sensitivity and HRQOL were measured at 6 weeks and 6 and 12 months. Data were analysed by a linear mixed model. Results ADT had a negative impact on body composition, BMD, physical function, glucose metabolism and HRQOL. At 12 months, the PRT group had greater reductions in BCM by − 1.9 ± 0.8 % (p = 0.02) and higher gains in fat mass by 3.1 ± 1.0 % (p = 0.002), compared to the UC group. HRQOL domains were maintained or improved in the PRT versus UC group at 6 weeks (general health, p = 0.04), 6 months (vitality, p = 0.02; social functioning, p = 0.03) and 12 months (mental health, p = 0.01; vitality, p = 0.02). A significant increase in the Matsuda Index in the PRT versus UC group was noted at 6 weeks (p = 0.009) but this difference was not maintained at subsequent timepoints. Between-group differences favouring the PRT group were also noted for physical activity levels (step count) (p = 0.02). No differences in measures of BMD or physical function were detected at any time point. Conclusion A home-based PRT programme instituted at the start of ADT may counteract detrimental changes in body composition, improve physical activity and mental health over 12 months. Trial registration Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12616001311448

Download Full-text

FEASIBILITY OF WEIGHTED VEST USE DURING A DIETARY WEIGHT LOSS INTERVENTION AND EFFECTS ON BODY COMPOSITION AND PHYSICAL FUNCTION IN OLDER ADULTS

Journal of Frailty & Aging ◽

10.14283/jfa.2018.17 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

E. NORMANDIN ◽

D. YOW ◽

C. CROTTS ◽

J. KIEL ◽

K.M. BEAVERS ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Physical Function ◽

Weight Loss Intervention ◽

Dietary Weight Loss ◽

Weighted Vest

Background: While intentional weight loss in older adults with obesity yields clinically important health benefits there is a need to minimize the negative effects of weight loss on concomitant loss of muscle mass and strength. Data show wearing weighted vests during exercise improves lean mass and lower extremity strength, however the efficacy of wearing a weighted vest during a period of weight loss to mitigate muscle and strength loss is not known. Objectives: This study examined the feasibility of daily weighted vest use during a dietary weight loss intervention, and examined effects of vest use on body composition and physical function in well-functioning older adults with obesity. Design: Randomized, controlled pilot study. Setting: Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center in Winston-Salem, NC. Participants: 37 older (age=65-79 yrs), obese (BMI=30-40 kg/m2) sedentary men and women. Interventions: 22-week behavioral diet intervention (targeting 10% weight loss, 1100-1300 kcals/day) with (Diet+Vest; n=20) or without (Diet; n=17) weighted vest use (goal of 10 hours/day with weight added weekly according to individual loss of body mass). Measurements: Body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and measures of physical function, mobility, and muscle strength/power. Results: Average weighted vest use was 6.7±2.2 hours/day and the vest-wear goal of 10 hrs/day was achieved for 67±22% of total intervention days. Five participants reported adverse events from wearing the vest (all back pain or soreness). Both groups lost a similar amount of weight (Diet= -11.2±4.4 kg; Diet+Vest = -11.0±6.3 kg; p<0.001), with no differences between groups (p=0.25). Fat mass, lean mass, and % body fat decreased significantly (p<0.0001), with no differences between groups. Compared to Diet+Vest, the Diet intervention resulted in greater decreases in leg power (p<0.02), with no other between group differences in physical function. Conclusion: This pilot study showed that vest use during dietary weight loss is feasible and safe in well-functioning older adults with obesity. Larger studies are needed to definitively determine whether external replacement of lost weight during caloric restriction may preserve lower extremity muscle strength and power.

Download Full-text

Effects of Rapid Weight Loss on Body Composition, Muscle Strength, Agility and Cardiorespiratory Endurance in Wrestler

Journal of The Korean Society of Living Environmental System ◽

10.21086/ksles.2020.10.27.5.566 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 566-572

Author(s):

Hyun-Joo Kim ◽

Suk-Hun Kang ◽

Ki-Chan Cho ◽

Jong-Oh Kim

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Rapid Weight Loss ◽

Cardiorespiratory Endurance

Download Full-text

Rationale, design and study protocol of the randomised controlled trial: Diabetes Interventional Assessment of Slimming or Training tO Lessen Inconspicuous Cardiovascular Dysfunction (the DIASTOLIC study)

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023207 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. e023207 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Gaurav Singh Gulsin ◽

Emer M Brady ◽

Daniel J Swarbrick ◽

Lavanya Athithan ◽

Joseph Henson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Exercise Capacity ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Clinical Care ◽

Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽

Exercise Programme ◽

Meal Replacement ◽

Supervised Exercise ◽

Study Results

IntroductionDespite their young age and relatively short duration of disease, younger adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) already have diastolic dysfunction and may be at risk of incipient heart failure. Whether weight loss or exercise training improve cardiac dysfunction in people with T2D remains to be established.Methods and analysisProspective, randomised, open-label, blind endpoint trial. The primary aim of the study is to determine if diastolic function can be improved by either a meal replacement plan or a supervised exercise programme, compared with guideline-directed care. A total of 90 obese participants with T2D (aged 18–65 years), diabetes duration <12 years and not on insulin treatment will be randomised to either guideline-directed clinical care with lifestyle coaching, a low-energy meal replacement diet (average ≈810 kcal/day) or a supervised exercise programme for 12 weeks. Participants undergo glycometabolic profiling, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, echocardiography and MRI scanning to assesses cardiac structure and function and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanning for body composition. Key secondary aims are to assess the effects of the interventions on glycaemic control and insulin resistance, exercise capacity, blood pressure, changes in body composition and association of favourable cardiac remodelling with improvements in weight loss, exercise capacity and glycometabolic control.Ethics and disseminationThe study has full ethical approval, and data collection was completed in August 2018. The study results will be submitted for publication within 6 months of completion.Trial registration numberNCT02590822; Pre-results.

Download Full-text