scholarly journals Nanoparticles: Promising Auxiliary Agents for Diagnosis and Therapy of Thyroid Cancers

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4063
Author(s):  
Eleonore Fröhlich ◽  
Richard Wahl
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Tumor Imaging ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Follicular Tumors ◽  
Detection Of Biomarkers

Cancers of the endocrine system are rare. The majority are not highly malignant tumors. Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine cancer, with differentiated papillary and follicular tumors occurring more frequently than the more aggressive poorly differentiated and anaplastic TC. Nanoparticles (NP) (mainly mesoporous silica, gold, carbon, or liposomes) have been developed to improve the detection of biomarkers and routine laboratory parameters (e.g., thyroid stimulating hormone, thyroglobulin, and calcitonin), tumor imaging, and drug delivery in TC. The majority of drug-loaded nanocarriers to be used for treatment was developed for anaplastic tumors because current treatments are suboptimal. Further, doxorubicin, sorafenib, and gemcitabine treatment can be improved by nanotherapy due to decreased adverse effects. Selective delivery of retinoic acid to TC cells might improve the re-differentiation of de-differentiated TC. The use of carbon NPs for the prevention of parathyroid damage during TC surgery does not show a clear benefit. Certain technologies less suitable for the treatment of deeply located cancers may have some potential for unresectable anaplastic carcinomas, namely those based on low-intensity focused ultrasound and near-infrared irradiation. Although some of these approaches yielded promising results in animal studies, results from clinical trials are currently lacking.

HISTOLOGICAL DIAGNOSTICS OF MAMMARY GLAND NEOPLASMS IN CATS

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Breast Tumors ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Breast Diseases ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Malignant Breast ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Breast Adenocarcinomas

Mammary gland neoplasms in cats are at the top of the list of the most common nosological diseases among domestic animals; more than half of the tumors appear as malignant. Veterinary practitioners have many questions about the prevalence of breast tumors in cats, depending on age, breed and seasons of the year. The article presents the results of diseases prevalence of benign and malignant breast tumors in cats kept in the conditions of Bishkek. The characteristic of macroscopic and microscopic studies of benign and malignant breast tumors in cats at different periods of life and depending on the breed is also described. Studies were conducted in the period from March 2018 to March 2019. Morphological methods were used in the study of breast tumors. As a result of our research, we established the morphological forms of benign and malignant breast tumors in cats. Among benign neoplastic breast diseases in cats, breast lipoma was observed. Also among the malignant tumors of the breast met highly differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated breast adenocarcinomas malnutrition and necrosis as well as the rare phylloid (leaf-shaped) fibroadenoma of the mammary gland which makes up only 0.3-0.5 % of all breast tumors.

scholarly journals Near Infrared Fluorescence Imaging of Intraperitoneal Ovarian Tumors in Mice Using Erythrocyte-Derived Optical Nanoparticles and Spatially-Modulated Illumination

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2544
Author(s):  
Joshua M. Burns ◽  
Elise Shafer ◽  
Raviraj Vankayala ◽  
Vikas Kundra ◽  
Bahman Anvari
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Cytoreductive Surgery ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Gynecological Cancer ◽  
Ovarian Tumors ◽  
Structured Illumination ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Imaging Probes ◽  
Intraoperative Fluorescence Imaging

Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecological cancer. Cytoreductive surgery to remove primary and intraperitoneal tumor deposits remains as the standard therapeutic approach. However, lack of an intraoperative image-guided approach to enable the visualization of all tumors can result in incomplete cytoreduction and recurrence. We engineered nano-sized particles derived from erythrocytes that encapsulate the near infrared (NIR) fluorochrome, indocyanine green, as potential imaging probes for tumor visualization during cytoreductive surgery. Herein, we present the first demonstration of the use of these nanoparticles in conjunction with spatially-modulated illumination (SMI), at spatial frequencies in the range of 0–0.5 mm−1, to fluorescently image intraperitoneal ovarian tumors in mice. Results of our animal studies suggest that the nanoparticles accumulated at higher levels within tumors 24 h post-intraperitoneal injection as compared to various other organs. We demonstrate that, under the imaging specifications reported here, use of these nanoparticles in conjunction with SMI enhances the fluorescence image contrast between intraperitoneal tumors and liver, and between intraperitoneal tumors and spleen by nearly 2.1, and 3.0 times, respectively, at the spatial frequency of 0.2 mm−1 as compared to the contrast values at spatially-uniform (non-modulated) illumination. These results suggest that the combination of erythrocyte-derived NIR nanoparticles and structured illumination provides a promising approach for intraoperative fluorescence imaging of ovarian tumor nodules at enhanced contrast.

Dual-Stimulus Responsive Near-Infrared Reversible Ratiometric Fluorescent and Photoacoustic Probe for In Vivo Tumor Imaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Xiangyang Gong ◽  
Jie Yuan ◽  
Xiaopeng Fan ◽  
Xingxing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Tumor Imaging ◽  
Stimulus Responsive

Preparation of magnetized iron oxide grafted on graphene oxide for hyperthermia application

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Abulfathi Umar ◽  
Muhamad Fazly Abdul Patah ◽  
Faisal Abnisa ◽  
Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticle ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Hybrid Nanostructure ◽  
Characterization Techniques

AbstractMagnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT) is a highly promising therapeutic modality for the treatment of different kinds of cancers and malignant tumors. The therapy is based on the concept that; iron oxide nanoparticles deposited at cancer sites can generate heat when exposed to an alternating current magnetic field or near infrared radiation and consequently destroying only the cancer cells by exploiting their vulnerability to heat. The fact that the treatment is at molecular level and that iron oxide nanoparticles provide more guided focus heating justifies its efficacy over treatment such as surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Nevertheless, the spread of MHT as the next-generation therapeutics has been shadowed by insufficient heating especially at the in vivo stage. This can be averted by modifying the iron oxide nanoparticle structure. To this end, various attempts have been made by developing a magnetic hybrid nanostructure capable of generating efficient heat. However, the synthesis method for each component (of the magnetic hybrid nanostructure) and the grafting process is now an issue. This has a direct effect on the performance of the magnetic hybrid nanostructure in MHT and other applications. The main objective of this review is to detail out the different materials, methods and characterization techniques that have been used so far in developing magnetic hybrid nanostructure. In view of this, we conducted a comprehensive review and present a road map for developing a magnetic hybrid nanostructure that is capable of generating optimum heat during MHT. We further summarize the various characterization techniques and necessary parameters to study in validating the efficiency of the magnetic hybrid nanostructure. Hopefully, this contribution will serve as a guide to researchers that are willing to evaluate the properties of their magnetic hybrid nanostructure.

scholarly journals Appendiceal cancer leading to intussusception detected incidentally during follow-up for Peutz–Jeghers syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1136-1143
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Kurihara ◽  
Takanori Suganuma
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Autosomal Dominant Disorder ◽  
Tomography Image ◽  
Elevated Lesion ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Lower Endoscopy ◽  
Peutz Jeghers Syndrome ◽  
Computed Tomography Image

AbstractPeutz–Jeghers syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by hamartomatous polyposis, pigmentation, and malignant tumors. We report a case of ileocecal carcinoma that was incidentally detected during follow-up for Peutz–Jeghers syndrome. A 39-year-old man with solitary Peutz–Jeghers syndrome had undergone three abdominal surgeries. He had been followed up via upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy and small intestinal endoscopy. In the endoscopic examination of the lower gastrointestinal tract, a 35 mm large, bumpy, elevated lesion was observed in the cecum. This lesion was not observed 9 months earlier during lower endoscopy. Biopsy of the specimen confirmed tubulovillous adenoma and carcinoma. This lesion was judged to be an indication for operation, and we performed ileocecectomy + D3 lymph node dissection. From the excised specimen, poorly differentiated carcinoma and adenoma components in contact with Peutz–Jeghers-type polyps in the appendix were recognized. A review of the computed tomography image obtained 2 years ago confirmed appendiceal swelling. We suspect that the ileocecal carcinoma in the appendix may have rapidly developed within the 9 months, and was incidentally detected on lower endoscopic examination during follow-up. For the prevention of appendicular tumorigenesis, prophylactic appendectomy may be considered in certain cases during follow-up for Peutz–Jeghers syndrome.

Near-infrared fluorescence tumor imaging using nanocarrier composed of poly(l-lactic acid)-block-poly(sarcosine) amphiphilic polydepsipeptide

Biomaterials ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (28) ◽  
pp. 5156-5160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Makino ◽  
Shinae Kizaka-Kondoh ◽  
Ryo Yamahara ◽  
Isao Hara ◽  
Tatsuya Kanzaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Tumor Imaging ◽  
Near Infrared Fluorescence

scholarly journals High-intensity focused ultrasonic ablation of breast cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
L. I. Moskvicheva
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
High Intensity Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Ultrasound Therapy ◽  
Technical Success ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Technical Safety ◽  
Complete Tumor

Breast cancer is the most frequent and socially signifi cant malignant tumor disease of the female popula on of the Russian Federa on. At present, for the treatment of this pathology, the methods of the organ-preserving surgical manual allowing to achieve the maximum cosme c eff ect along with the observance of the principles of cancer safety are ge  ng more and more developed,. In recent decades, researchers from diff erent countries demonstrate the feasibility and technical safety of various mini-invasive methods of thermal abla on of early stages of breast cancer, characterized by rela ve simplicity of implementa on, excellent cosme c results, short-term rehabilita on of pa ents. These include hyperthermic techniques (radiofrequency, microwave, laser abla on) and hypothermic method (cryoabla on). Each technique has unique characteris cs of impact on the tumor and is performed under the control of ultrasound, computer tomography or magne c resonance imaging. The technical success of these abla on techniques is achieved in 93–98% of cases. Complete tumor necrosis a er radiofrequency abla on is observed in 76–100% of pa ents with breast cancer, laser abla on – in 13–76%, microwave abla on – in 0–8%, cryoabla on – in 36–83%. The frequency of development of specifi c complica ons of local thermal destruc on is 4–13%. To date, there is only one method of noninvasive extracorporeal thermal abla on of tumors of diff erent localiza on – high-intensity focused ultrasound therapy, the eff ec veness and safety of which as a method of local destruc on of benign and malignant tumors of the breast demonstrated by many authors. Like all methods of thermal abla on, high-intensity focused ultrasound therapy has its limita ons, complica ons and disadvantages. This ar cle presents a literary review that highlights the possibili es of this method of local destruc on in pa ents with malignant tumors of the breast.

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