scholarly journals Perineural Invasion and Associated Pain Transmission in Pancreatic Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4594
Author(s):  
Jialun Wang ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
Xihan Li ◽  
Xiaoping Zou
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Neurogenic Inflammation ◽  
Perineural Invasion ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Paracrine Signaling ◽  
Pain Transmission ◽  
Neural Interactions ◽  
Central Nervous Systems ◽  
Aggressive Tumor

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the cancers with the highest incidence of perineural invasion (PNI), which often indicates a poor prognosis. Aggressive tumor cells invade nerves, causing neurogenic inflammation; the tumor microenvironment also induces nerves to undergo a series of structural and functional reprogramming. In turn, neurons and the surrounding glial cells promote the development of pancreatic cancer through autocrine and/or paracrine signaling. In addition, hyperalgesia in PDAC patients implies alterations of pain transmission in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Currently, the studies on this topic are relatively limited. This review will elaborate on the mechanisms of tumor–neural interactions and its possible relationship with pain from several aspects that have been focused on in recent years.

scholarly journals Aberrant MicroRNAs in Pancreatic Cancer: Researches and Clinical Implications

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Sun ◽  
Xiangyu Kong ◽  
Yiqi Du ◽  
Zhaoshen Li
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Wide Range

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy with a high rate of mortality and poor prognosis. Numerous studies have proved that microRNA (miRNA) may play a vital role in a wide range of malignancies, including PDAC, and dysregulated miRNAs, including circulating miRNAs, are associated with PDAC proliferation, invasion, chemosensitivity, and radiosensitivity, as well as prognosis. Greater understanding of the roles of miRNAs in PDAC could provide insights into this disease and identify potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. The current review focuses on recent advances with respect to the roles of miRNAs in PDAC and their practical value.

scholarly journals Advances in pancreatic cancer biomarkers

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Hasan ◽  
Rojymon Jacob ◽  
Upender Manne ◽  
Ravi Paluri
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Cancer Biomarkers ◽  
Response Assessment ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Review Current ◽  
Early Diagnostic

Biomarkers play an essential role in the management of patients with invasive cancers. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDC) associated with poor prognosis due to advanced presentation and limited therapeutic options. This is further complicated by absence of validated screening and predictive biomarkers for early diagnosis and precision treatments respectively. There is emerging data on biomarkers in pancreatic cancer in past two decades. So far, the CA 19-9 remains the only approved biomarker for diagnosis and response assessment but limited by low sensitivity and specificity. In this article, we aim to review current and future biomarkers that has potential serve as critical tools for early diagnostic, predictive and prognostic indications in pancreatic cancer.

Sonic Hedgehog Paracrine Signaling Activates Stromal Cells to Promote Perineural Invasion in Pancreatic Cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 4326-4338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuqi Li ◽  
Zheng Wang ◽  
Qingyong Ma ◽  
Qinhong Xu ◽  
Han Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Perineural Invasion ◽  
Paracrine Signaling

scholarly journals Developmental Pathways Direct Pancreatic Cancer Initiation from Its Cellular Origin

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Reichert ◽  
Karin Blume ◽  
Alexander Kleger ◽  
Daniel Hartmann ◽  
Guido von Figura
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Developmental Pathways ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Cellular Origin ◽  
Mucinous Neoplasm ◽  
Cancer Initiation ◽  
Advanced Stages

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is characterized by an extremely poor prognosis, since it is usually diagnosed at advanced stages. In order to employ tools for early detection, a better understanding of the early stages of PDA development from its main precursors, pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is needed. Recent studies on murine PDA models have identified a different exocrine origin for PanINs and IPMNs. In both processes, developmental pathways direct the initiation of PDA precursors from their cellular ancestors. In this review, the current understanding of early PDA development is summarized.

scholarly journals Upregulation of KLK8 Predicts Poor Prognosis in Pancreatic Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Hua ◽  
Tianjiao Li ◽  
Yixuan Liu ◽  
Xuefang Shen ◽  
Xiaoyan Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Mtor Pathway ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Human Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer Cells

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a growing cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Kallikrein-related peptidase 8 (KLK8) has potential clinical values in many cancers. However, the clinicopathological significances of KLK8 in PDAC remain unknown. We explored the relationship of KLK8 to clinicopathological features of PDAC based on public databases. KLK8 expression was examined in human PDAC tissues. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated in KLK8-overexpressed human pancreatic cancer cell lines Mia-paca-2 and Panc-1. The related signaling pathways of KLK8 involved in pancreatic cancer progression were analyzed by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and further verified in in vitro studies. We found that KLK8 was up-regulated in tumor tissues in the TCGA-PAAD cohort, and was an independent prognostic factor for both overall survival and disease-free survival of PDAC. KLK8 mRNA and protein expressions were increased in PDAC tissues compared with para-cancerous pancreas. KLK8 overexpression exerted pro-proliferation and anti-apoptotic functions in Mia-paca-2 and Panc-1 cells. GSEA analysis showed that KLK8 was positively associated with PI3K-Akt-mTOR and Notch pathways. KLK8-induced pro-proliferation and anti-apoptotic effects in Mia-paca-2 and Panc-1 cells were attenuated by inhibitors for PI3K, Akt, and mTOR, but not by inhibitor for Notch. Furthermore, overexpression of KLK8 in Mia-paca-2 and Panc-1 cells significantly increased epidermal growth factor (EGF) levels in the culture media. EGF receptor (EGFR) inhibitor could block KLK8-induced activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and attenuate pro-proliferation and anti-apoptotic of KLK8 in Mia-paca-2 and Panc-1 cells. In conclusion, KLK8 overexpression exerts pro-proliferation and anti-apoptotic functions in pancreatic cancer cells via EGF signaling-dependent activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Upregulated KLK8 in PDAC predicts poor prognosis and may be a potential therapeutic target for PDAC.

scholarly journals Epigenomics of Pancreatic Cancer: A Critical Role for Epigenome-Wide Studies

Epigenomes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Rahul Singh ◽  
Katie Reindl ◽  
Rick Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Survival Estimate ◽  
Relapse Rates

Several challenges present themselves when discussing current approaches to the prevention or treatment of pancreatic cancer. Up to 45% of the risk of pancreatic cancer is attributed to unknown causes, making effective prevention programs difficult to design. The most common type of pancreatic cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), is generally diagnosed at a late stage, leading to a poor prognosis and 5-year survival estimate. PDAC tumors are heterogeneous, leading to many identified cell subtypes within one patient’s primary tumor. This explains why there is a high frequency of tumors that are resistant to standard treatments, leading to high relapse rates. This review will discuss how epigenetic technologies and epigenome-wide association studies have been used to address some of these challenges and the future promises these approaches hold.

Tumours of the pancreas

2010 ◽  
pp. 2574-2578
Author(s):  
Edward Britton ◽  
Martin Lombard
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Median Survival ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic cancer, most commonly in the form of a solid ductal adenocarcinoma, accounts for 3% of all cancers but ranks in the top five leading causes of cancer deaths in most developed countries, reflecting the fact that it has a very poor prognosis (median survival 6 to 9 months). It is a disease of old age (85% of patients >65 years), and commoner in smokers....

scholarly journals Prognosis Relevance of Serum Cytokines in Pancreatic Cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Torres ◽  
Ana Linares ◽  
Maria José Alejandre ◽  
Rogelio J. Palomino-Morales ◽  
Octavio Caba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Antibody Array ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Serum Cytokines ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Leave One Out ◽  
Human Cytokines

The overall survival of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is extremely low. Although gemcitabine is the standard used chemotherapy for this disease, clinical outcomes do not reflect significant improvements, not even when combined with adjuvant treatments. There is an urgent need for prognosis markers to be found. The aim of this study was to analyze the potential value of serum cytokines to find a profile that can predict the clinical outcome in patients with pancreatic cancer and to establish a practical prognosis index that significantly predicts patients’ outcomes. We have conducted an extensive analysis of serum prognosis biomarkers using an antibody array comprising 507 human cytokines. Overall survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate Cox’s proportional hazard models were used to analyze prognosis factors. To determine the extent that survival could be predicted based on this index, we used the leave-one-out cross-validation model. The multivariate model showed a better performance and it could represent a novel panel of serum cytokines that correlates to poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer. B7-1/CD80, EG-VEGF/PK1, IL-29, NRG1-beta1/HRG1-beta1, and PD-ECGF expressions portend a poor prognosis for patients with pancreatic cancer and these cytokines could represent novel therapeutic targets for this disease.

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