Faecal Diagnostic Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Cancer progression, including invasion and metastasis, is a major cause of death among CRC patients. Current methods for CRC screening commonly consist of a combination of faecal immunochemical test (FIT) for stool occult blood detection and invasive procedures such as colonoscopy. Considering the slow progression of CRC, and that symptoms usually emerge at advanced stages, its early diagnostic can limit cancer’s spread and provide a successful treatment. Biomarkers have a high potential for the diagnosis of CRC in either blood or stool samples. Methods: In this study, we analysed the diagnostic value of six different biomarkers in stool samples of patients with CRC, advanced adenomas, other lesions and healthy individuals. We have also assessed the overall performance of the combination of these biomarkers for CRC detection. Results: The results indicate that haemoglobin (Hb) and M2-pyruvate kinase (M2-PK) levels were increased in CRC patients in comparison to the controls. Conversely, the concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were not significantly different between the tested groups. Conclusion: The combination of FIT-Hb with the M2-PK levels increased the specificity or sensitivity for CRC detection and thus present potential as faecal diagnostic biomarkers for CRC.

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DNA from fecal immunochemical test can replace stool for microbiota-based colorectal cancer screening

10.1101/048389 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nielson T. Baxter ◽

Charles C. Koumpouras ◽

Mary A.M. Rogers ◽

Mack T. Ruffin ◽

Patrick D. Schloss

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Early Stage ◽

Occult Blood ◽

Fecal Immunochemical Test ◽

Fecal Occult Blood ◽

Screening Methods ◽

Fecal Occult ◽

Immunochemical Test ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Stool Microbiota

AbstractBackground:There is a significant demand for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening methods that are noninvasive, inexpensive, and capable of accurately detecting early stage tumors. It has been shown that models based on the gut microbiota can complement the fecal occult blood test and fecal immunochemical test (FIT). However, a barrier to microbiota-based screening is the need to collect and store a patient’s stool sample.Methods:Using stool samples collected from 404 patients we tested whether the residual buffer containing resuspended feces in FIT cartridges could be used in place of intact stool samples.Results:We found that the bacterial DNA isolated from FIT cartridges largely recapitulated the community structure and membership of patients’ stool microbiota and that the abundance of bacteria associated with CRC were conserved. We also found that models for detecting CRC that were generated using bacterial abundances from FIT cartridges were equally predictive as models generated using bacterial abundances from stool.Conclusions:These findings demonstrate the potential for using residual buffer from FIT cartridges in place of stool for microbiota-based screening for CRC. This may reduce the need to collect and process separate stool samples and may facilitate combining FIT and microbiota-based biomarkers into a single test. Additionally, FIT cartridges could constitute a novel data source for studying the role of the microbiome in cancer and other diseases.

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Immunochemical Fecal Occult Blood Test for Detection of Advanced Colonic Adenomas and Colorectal Cancer: Comparison with Colonoscopy Results

Gastroenterology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2013/384561 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bianca Rosa Viana Freitas ◽

Cristiane Kibune Nagasako ◽

Celia Regina Pavan ◽

Sônia Letícia Silva Lorena ◽

Fabio Guerrazzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Occult Blood ◽

Fecal Occult Blood ◽

Screening Programs ◽

Fecal Occult ◽

Colonic Adenomas ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

Risk Patients ◽

Advanced Adenomas

Background. Fecal immunochemical tests (FITs) have been used for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in several countries. There is lack of information concerning diagnostic performances of this method in Brazil.Methods. Patients scheduled for elective colonoscopy provided one stool sample one week before colonoscopy. The accuracy of a qualitative FIT for detection of CRC and advanced adenomas was determined.Results. Overall 302 patients completed the study. Among them, 53.5% were high risk patients referred for screening or surveillance. Nine (3%) CRCs and 11 (3.6%) advanced adenomas were detected by colonoscopy. Sensitivity and specificity for CRC were, respectively, 88.9% and 87.6%. For advanced adenomas, sensitivity was 63.6% and specificity 87.6%.Conclusion. Our results showed good sensitivity and specificity of the FIT for detecting advanced neoplasias. This method may be a valuable tool for future screening programs in Brazil.

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A sensitive guaiac faecal occult blood test is less useful than an immunochemical test for colorectal cancer screening in a Chinese population

Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics ◽

10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01783.x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 941-946 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

B. C.-Y. Wong ◽

W. M. Wong ◽

K. L. Cheung ◽

T. S. M. Tong ◽

P. Rozen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Colorectal Cancer Screening ◽

Chinese Population ◽

Blood Test ◽

Occult Blood ◽

Faecal Occult Blood Test ◽

Occult Blood Test ◽

Faecal Occult ◽

Immunochemical Test

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Adenoma Characteristics and the Influence of Alcohol and Cigarette Consumption on the Development of Advanced Colorectal Adenomas

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17228296 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (22) ◽

pp. 8296

Author(s):

Maja Čebohin ◽

Senka Samardžić ◽

Ksenija Marjanović ◽

Martina Tot Vesić ◽

Kristina Kralik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Occult Blood ◽

Faecal Occult Blood Test ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Colorectal Adenomas ◽

Screening Methods ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

National Programme ◽

Advanced Adenomas

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the leading public health problems worldwide, is a disease that can be prevented when it is detected in time. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to investigate the characteristics of colorectal adenomas and whether alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking correlated with the development of advanced adenomas in participants in The National Programme for Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer (NP) in Osijek-Baranja County (OBC), Croatia. Methods: The screening methods were the guaiac Faecal Occult Blood Test (gFOBT), colonoscopy, histological analysis, and risk factor questionnaire. Results: The results showed the presence of adenomas in 136 men (57.4%) and 101 women (42.6%), p < 0.001. There was one adenoma in 147 (62%) most commonly located in sigmorect, in 86 (59%) participants, and 44 (18.6%) participants had multiple adenomas, most commonly found in multi loc, p < 0.001. According to size, 118 (49.8%) of all adenomas were between 0.1 and 0.9 cm, while adenomas of 3 cm 19 (8%) were the fewest, p < 0.001. There were 142 (59.9%) advanced adenomas. Conclusions: Adenoma development in the OBC population was correlated with predictors: adenoma size, high-grade dysplasia, smoking and alcohol consumption of 20 g per day. Non-smoking was found to be a health protective behaviour.

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The New Generation Immunochemical Test for Fecal Occult Blood (ColonView Quick Test) Shows a High Diagnostic Accuracy in Colorectal Cancer Detection

Anticancer Research ◽

10.21873/anticanres.15323 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 41 (10) ◽

pp. 5071-5079

Author(s):

JANNICA MEKLIN ◽

MAARET ESKELINEN ◽

DENISE PEIXOTO GUIMARAES ◽

TUOMAS SELANDER ◽

JENNI INKINEN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Cancer Detection ◽

Occult Blood ◽

Fecal Occult Blood ◽

Quick Test ◽

High Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Fecal Occult ◽

Immunochemical Test ◽

New Generation

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Overall evaluation of an immunological latex agglutination system for fecal occult blood testing in the colorectal cancer screening program of Florence

The International Journal of Biological Markers ◽

10.5301/jbm.2012.9343 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 195-202 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Tiziana Rubeca ◽

Benedetta Peruzzi ◽

Massimo Confortini ◽

Stefano Rapi

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Screening Program ◽

Occult Blood ◽

Fecal Occult Blood Testing ◽

Latex Agglutination ◽

Fecal Occult Blood ◽

Detection Rates ◽

Screening Programs ◽

Fecal Occult ◽

Advanced Adenomas

Several immunological fecal occult blood tests (FOBT) are currently available for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. We compared the HM Jack (Jack) (Kiowa, Japan), with the OC-Hemodia (OC) (Eiken, Japan) in use in the Florence screening program. Aims of the study were: (i) to investigate the diagnostic performance and the best cutoff value for Jack; (ii) to evaluate the handiness of sampling tubes; (iii) to compare costs. A total of 5,044 subjects were screened with both tests. Sampling tube investigation was performed running each sample on both instruments. A number of 352 subjects positive for at least one test (175 OC, 310 Jack) were selected for further investigations, while 46 subjects refused further assessments. Analysis of costs related to the assessment phase was performed on the basis of Tuscany region's fares. Amongst the 306 subjects investigated, 9 CRC and 67 advanced adenomas (AdA) were detected. Detection rates (DR) were 1.4‰ for CRC and 9.6‰ for AdA. After Jack cutoff optimization, DR for CRC+AdA resulted in 11.1‰ for OC and 13.3‰ for Jack (p=0.041). Sensitivity of the methods was 73.7 for OC and 88.2 for Jack; specificity was 97.6 for OC and 96.0 for Jack, resulting in an increase of the required assessments from 3.5% to 5.1%. No differences were observed between sampling methods. Despite the lower specificity of Jack, its greater sensitivity makes the method attractive for screening programs. An increase of the costs of 30% for every subject investigated for pathological lesion (CRC+AdA) may be thus foreseen.

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The diagnostic value of upper endoscopy in veterans undergoing colorectal cancer screening with fecal occult blood testing

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(00)81430-4 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 118 (4) ◽

pp. A1388

Author(s):

Lauren B. Gerson ◽

Katerina Shetler ◽

Roopali Bansal ◽

Ramsey Cheung

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Colorectal Cancer Screening ◽

Occult Blood ◽

Fecal Occult Blood Testing ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Fecal Occult Blood ◽

Upper Endoscopy ◽

Blood Testing ◽

Fecal Occult

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KRAS Mutations and M2PK Upregulation in Stool Samples from Individuals with Positive Fecal Occult Blood Tests Screened for Colorectal Cancer

Tumori Journal ◽

10.1177/030089161410000202 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 100 (2) ◽

pp. 122-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Paolo Battaglia ◽

Elisabetta Baritono ◽

Andrea Remo ◽

Roberto Vendraminelli ◽

Antonio Conti

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Occult Blood ◽

Fecal Occult Blood ◽

Kras Mutations ◽

Blood Tests ◽

Fecal Occult ◽

Stool Samples

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Simultaneous Detection of Colorectal Cancer Mutations in Stool Samples with Biochip Arrays

Journal of Medical Biochemistry ◽

10.2478/v10011-009-0028-5 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 285-292

Author(s):

Helena Murray ◽

Mark Latten ◽

Andrew Cartwright ◽

Damien McAleer ◽

Stephen Fitzgerald

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Early Stage ◽

Simultaneous Detection ◽

Occult Blood ◽

Western World ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Invasive Test ◽

Cancer Mutations ◽

Dna Alterations ◽

Stool Samples

Simultaneous Detection of Colorectal Cancer Mutations in Stool Samples with Biochip ArraysColorectal cancer (CRC) is the second main cause of cancer-related death in the Western world and like many other tumours is curable if detected at an early stage. Current detection options include faecal occult blood testing and invasive direct visualisation techniques such as flexible sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy and barium enema. The availability of a more simple, non-invasive test that detects tumour specific products with optimal analytical performance might overcome barriers among patients who are not willing to undergo more sensitive but invasive tests. One such emerging technology, which has shown promise in recent years, is the analysis of DNA alterations exfoliated from tumour cells into stool. Here we report an analytical platform for non-invasive detection of 28 common mutations within CRC-related genesAPC, TP53, K-rasandBRAFin stool samples based on biochip array technology and applied to the semi-automated Evidence Investigator analyser. Mutation detection was possible in 1000-fold excess of wildtype DNA and analysis of 10 CRC-positive patient samples showed presence of targeted mutations with equivalent mutations also identified by an alternative method. This application represents an excellent tool for the multiplex detection of CRC-specific mutations using a single platform.

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