scholarly journals The Role of Dielectrophoresis for Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Giorgio Ivan Russo ◽  
Nicolò Musso ◽  
Alessandra Romano ◽  
Giuseppe Caruso ◽  
Salvatore Petralia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Clinical Development ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Mesenchymal Phenotype ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Rare Cells ◽  
Free Enrichment

Liquid biopsy is emerging as a potential diagnostic tool for prostate cancer (PC) prognosis and diagnosis. Unfortunately, most circulating tumor cells (CTC) technologies, such as AdnaTest or Cellsearch®, critically rely on the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) marker, limiting the possibility of detecting cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) and mesenchymal-like cells (EMT-CTCs) that are present during PC progression. In this context, dielectrophoresis (DEP) is an epCAM independent, label-free enrichment system that separates rare cells simply on the basis of their specific electrical properties. As compared to other technologies, DEP may represent a superior technique in terms of running costs, cell yield and specificity. However, because of its higher complexity, it still requires further technical as well as clinical development. DEP can be improved by the use of microfluid, nanostructured materials and fluoro-imaging to increase its potential applications. In the context of cancer, the usefulness of DEP lies in its capacity to detect CTCs in the bloodstream in their epithelial, mesenchymal, or epithelial–mesenchymal phenotype forms, which should be taken into account when choosing CTC enrichment and analysis methods for PC prognosis and diagnosis.

Challenging the Current Paradigm of Liquid Biopsy Through Dielectrophoresis (DEP) In Prostate Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio I. Russo ◽  
Nicolò Musso ◽  
Alessandra Romano ◽  
Giuseppe Caruso ◽  
Salvatore Petralia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Cell Adhesion Molecule ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Rare Cells ◽  
Current Paradigm ◽  
Free Enrichment

Liquid biopsy via isolation of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) represents a promising diagnostic tool capable of supplementing state-of-the-art for prostate cancer (PC) prognosis. Unfortunately, most of CTC technologies, such as AdnaTest or Cellsearch, critically rely on the Epithelial-Cell-Adhesion-Molecule (EpCAM) marker, limiting the possibility of detecting stem-like cells (CSCs) and mesenchymal-like cells (EMT-CTCs) that are present during PC progression. In this tontext, dielectrophoresis (DEP) is an epCAM independent, label-free, enrichment system, separating rare cells simply on the basis of their specific electrical properties. As compared to other technollgies, DEP represents a superior technique in terms of running costs, cells yield and specificity, but due to its higher complexity, requires still further technical as well as clinical development. Interestingly, DEP can be improved by the use of microfluid, nanostructured materials and fluoroimaging in order to increase its potential applications. In the context of PC, the utility of DEP can be translated in its capacity to detect CTC in the bloodstream in their epithelial, mesenchymal, or epithelial-mesenchymal phenotypes, which should be taken into account when choosing CTC enrichment and analysis methods for PC prognosis and early diagnosis.

scholarly journals Expression and role of epithelial cell adhesion molecule in dysplastic nodule and hepatocellular carcinoma

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 2150-2158 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUN SANG BAE ◽  
SANG JAE NOH ◽  
KYU YUN JANG ◽  
HO SUNG PARK ◽  
MYOUNG JA CHUNG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Cell Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Dysplastic Nodule ◽  
Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule

scholarly journals Pivotal role of epithelial cell adhesion molecule in the survival of lung cancer cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 102 (8) ◽  
pp. 1493-1500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsunari Hase ◽  
Mitsuo Sato ◽  
Kenya Yoshida ◽  
Luc Girard ◽  
Yoshihiro Takeyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Cell Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Lung Cancer Cells ◽  
Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule

scholarly journals Dual Role of Chondrocytes in Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Chicken and the Egg

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Chun Tseng ◽  
Yi-Jen Chen ◽  
Wei-An Chang ◽  
Wen-Chan Tsai ◽  
Tsan-Teng Ou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cartilage Destruction ◽  
Molecular Alterations ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms ◽  
Holistic Vision

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the inflammatory joint diseases that display features of articular cartilage destruction. The underlying disturbance results from immune dysregulation that directly and indirectly influence chondrocyte physiology. In the last years, significant evidence inferred from studies in vitro and in the animal model offered a more holistic vision of chondrocytes in RA. Chondrocytes, despite being one of injured cells in RA, also undergo molecular alterations to actively participate in inflammation and matrix destruction in the human rheumatoid joint. This review covers current knowledge about the specific cellular and biochemical mechanisms that account for the chondrocyte signatures of RA and its potential applications for diagnosis and prognosis in RA.

scholarly journals Enteroids expressing a disease-associated mutant of EpCAM are a model for congenital tufting enteropathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (5) ◽  
pp. G580-G591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barun Das ◽  
Kevin Okamoto ◽  
John Rabalais ◽  
Philip A. Kozan ◽  
Ronald R. Marchelletta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Cell Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Epcam Gene

Congenital tufting enteropathy (CTE) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by severe intestinal failure in infancy and mutations in the epithelial cell adhesion molecule ( EPCAM) gene. Previous studies of CTE in mice expressing mutant EpCAM show neonatal lethality. Hence, to study the cellular, molecular, and physiological alterations that result from EpCAM mutation, a tamoxifen-inducible mutant EpCAM enteroid model has been generated. The presence of mutant EpCAM in the model was confirmed at both mRNA and protein levels. Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated the reduced expression of mutant EpCAM. Mutant enteroids had reduced budding potential as well as significantly decreased mRNA expression for epithelial lineage markers ( Mucin 2, lysozyme, sucrase-isomaltase), proliferation marker Ki67, and secretory pathway transcription factors ( Atoh1, Hnf1b). Significantly decreased numbers of Paneth and goblet cells were confirmed by staining. These findings were correlated with intestinal tissue from CTE patients and the mutant mice model that had significantly fewer Paneth and goblet cells than in healthy counterparts. FITC-dextran studies demonstrated significantly impaired barrier function in monolayers derived from mutant enteroids compared with control monolayers. In conclusion, we have established an ex vivo CTE model. The role of EpCAM in the budding potential, differentiation, and barrier function of enteroids is noted. Our study establishes new facets of EpCAM biology that will aid in understanding the pathophysiology of CTE and role of EpCAM in health and disease. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we develop a novel ex vivo enteroid model for congenital tufting enteropathy (CTE) based on epithelial cell adhesion molecule ( EPCAM) gene mutations found in patients. With this model we demonstrate the role of EpCAM in maintaining the functional homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium, including differentiation, proliferation, and barrier integrity. This study further establishes a new direction in EpCAM biology that will help in understanding the detailed pathophysiology of CTE and role of EpCAM.

scholarly journals A Model for the Homotypic Interaction between Na+,K+-ATPase β1 Subunits Reveals the Role of Extracellular Residues 221–229 in Its Ig-Like Domain

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4538
Author(s):  
Omar Páez ◽  
Marlet Martínez-Archundia ◽  
Nicolás Villegas-Sepúlveda ◽  
María Luisa Roldan ◽  
José Correa-Basurto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Fusion Proteins ◽  
Cell Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Protein Docking ◽  
Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Extracellular Region ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

The Na+, K+-ATPase transports Na+ and K+ across the membrane of all animal cells. In addition to its ion transporting function, the Na+, K+-ATPase acts as a homotypic epithelial cell adhesion molecule via its β1 subunit. The extracellular region of the Na+, K+-ATPase β1 subunit includes a single globular immunoglobulin-like domain. We performed Molecular Dynamics simulations of the ectodomain of the β1 subunit and a refined protein-protein docking prediction. Our results show that the β1 subunit Ig-like domain maintains an independent structure and dimerizes in an antiparallel fashion. Analysis of the putative interface identified segment Lys221-Tyr229. We generated triple mutations on YFP-β1 subunit fusion proteins to assess the contribution of these residues. CHO fibroblasts transfected with mutant β1 subunits showed a significantly decreased cell-cell adhesion. Association of β1 subunits in vitro was also reduced, as determined by pull-down assays. Altogether, we conclude that two Na+, K+-ATPase molecules recognize each other by a large interface spanning residues 221–229 and 198–207 on their β1 subunits.

The miR-21 potential of serving as a biomarker for liver diseases in clinical practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 2295-2305
Author(s):  
Jiawei Zhang ◽  
Dandan Li ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Peng Gao ◽  
Rongxue Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Hepatic Disease ◽  
Noninvasive Detection ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Expected Performance ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Disease Condition ◽  
Complex Regulatory Network

The role of miR-21 in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases, together with the possibility of detecting microRNA in the circulation, makes miR-21 a potential biomarker for noninvasive detection. In this review, we summarize the potential utility of extracellular miR-21 in the clinical management of hepatic disease patients and compared it with the current clinical practice. MiR-21 shows screening and prognostic value for liver cancer. In liver cirrhosis, miR-21 may serve as a biomarker for the differentiating diagnosis and prognosis. MiR-21 is also a potential biomarker for the severity of hepatitis. We elucidate the disease condition under which miR-21 testing can reach the expected performance. Though miR-21 is a key regulator of liver diseases, microRNAs coordinate with each other in the complex regulatory network. As a result, the performance of miR-21 is better when combined with other microRNAs or classical biomarkers under certain clinical circumstances.

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