Ethnic Pharmacogenomic Differences in the Management of Asian Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer

Progression to metastatic disease occurs in about half of all men who develop prostate cancer (PC), one of the most common cancers in men worldwide. Androgen deprivation therapy has been the mainstay therapy for patients with metastatic PC (mPC) since the 1940s. In the last decade, there has been unprecedented advancement in systemic therapies, e.g., taxane, androgen-signalling pathway inhibitors, and biomarker-driven targeted therapies for various stages of disease, resulting in overall survival improvement. Adding to ongoing controversies over how best to treat these patients is the recognition that ethnicity may influence prognosis and outcomes. This review discusses recent evidence for the impacts of Asian ethnicity specifically, which includes environmental, sociocultural, and genetic factors, on the approach to pharmacological management of mPC. Clear inter-ethnic differences in drug tolerability, serious adverse events (AEs), and genetic heterogeneity must all be considered when dosing and scheduling for treatment, as well as designing future precision studies in PC.

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DNA Repair and Ethnic Differences in Prostate Cancer Risk

10.21236/ada486436 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Radoslav Goldman

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Dna Repair ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Ethnic Differences ◽

Prostate Cancer Risk

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Decreased heritability and emergence of novel genetic effects on pulse wave velocity from youth to young adulthood

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-88490-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yisong Huang ◽

Shaoyong Su ◽

Harold Snieder ◽

Frank Treiber ◽

Gaston Kapuku ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Pulse Wave Velocity ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Ethnic Differences ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Environmental Influences ◽

Genetic Effects ◽

Over Time

AbstractIncreased arterial stiffness measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV) is an important parameter in the assessment of cardiovascular risk. Our previous longitudinal study has demonstrated that carotid-distal PWV showed reasonable stability throughout youth and young adulthood. This stability might be driven by genetic factors that are expressed consistently over time. We aimed to illustrate the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to the stability of carotid-distal PWV from youth to young adulthood. We also examined potential ethnic differences. For this purpose, carotid-distal PWV was measured twice in 497 European American (EA) and African American (AA) twins, with an average interval time of 3 years. Twin modelling on PWV showed that heritability decreased over time (62–35%), with the nonshared environmental influences becoming larger. There was no correlation between the nonshared environmental factors on PWV measured at visit 1 and visit 2, with the phenotypic tracking correlation (r = 0.32) completely explained by shared genetic factors over time. Novel genetic influences were identified accounting for a significant part of the variance (19%) at the second measurement occasion. There was no evidence for ethnic differences. In summary, novel genetic effects appear during development into young adulthood and account for a considerable part of the variation in PWV. Environmental influences become larger with age for PWV.

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Impact of IGF-I and CYP19 Gene Polymorphisms on the Survival of Patients With Metastatic Prostate Cancer

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2005.02.9439 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 24 (13) ◽

pp. 1982-1989 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Norihiko Tsuchiya ◽

Lizhong Wang ◽

Hiroyoshi Suzuki ◽

Takehiko Segawa ◽

Hisami Fukuda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Bone Metastasis ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Genetic Polymorphisms ◽

Metastatic Prostate Cancer ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Logrank Test ◽

Ca Repeat ◽

Igf I

Purpose The prognosis of metastatic prostate cancer significantly differs among individuals. While various clinical and biochemical prognostic factors for survival have been suggested, the progression and response to treatment of those patients may also be defined by host genetic factors. In this study, we evaluated genetic polymorphisms as prognostic predictors of metastatic prostate cancer. Patients and Methods One hundred eleven prostate cancer patients with bone metastasis at the diagnosis were enrolled in this study. Thirteen genetic polymorphisms were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism or an automated sequencer with a genotyping software. Results Among the polymorphisms, the long allele (over 18 [CA] repeats) of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and the long allele (over seven [TTTA] repeats) of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 19 were significantly associated with a worse cancer-specific survival (P = .016 and .025 by logrank test, respectively). The presence of the long allele of either the IGF-I or CYP19 polymorphisms was an independent risk factor for death (P = .019 or .026, respectively). Furthermore, the presence of the long allele of both the IGF-I and CYP19 polymorphisms was a stronger predictor for survival (P = .001). Conclusion The prognosis of metastatic prostate cancer patients is suggested to be influenced by intrinsic genetic factors. The IGF-I (CA) repeat and CYP19 (TTTA) repeat polymorphisms may be novel predictors in prostate cancer patients with bone metastasis at the diagnosis.

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East meets West: ethnic differences in prostate cancer epidemiology between East Asians and Caucasians

Chinese Journal of Cancer ◽

10.5732/cjc.011.10324 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 31 (9) ◽

pp. 421-429 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Tomomi Kimura

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Ethnic Differences ◽

Cancer Epidemiology ◽

East Asians

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Sequencing of Systemic Therapies in the Management of Advanced Prostate Cancer in India: a Delphi-Based Consensus

Oncology and Therapy ◽

10.1007/s40487-021-00181-1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Chirag Desai ◽

Ashok K. Vaid ◽

Ghanashyam Biswas ◽

Sandeep Batra ◽

Palanki S. Dattatreya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Advanced Prostate Cancer ◽

Systemic Therapies

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Differential Gene Expression in Patients With Prostate Cancer and in Patients With Parkinson Disease: an Example of Inverse Comorbidity

10.21203/rs.3.rs-289371/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pietro Pepe ◽

Simona Vetrano ◽

Rossella Cannarella ◽

Aldo E Calogero ◽

Giovanna Marchese ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Target Genes ◽

Lewy Bodies ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Donors ◽

Differential Gene ◽

Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽

Generation Sequencing

Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of death in Western countries. Environmental and genetic factors play a pivotal role in PCa etiology. Timely identification of the genetic causes is useful for an early diagnosis. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most frequent neurodegenerative movement disorder; it is associated with the presence of Lewy bodies (LBs) and genetic factors are involved in its pathogenesis. Several studies have indicated that the expression of target genes in patients with PD is inversely related to cancer development; this phenomenon has been named “inverse comorbidity”. The present study was undertaken to evaluate whether a genetic dysregulation occurs in opposite directions in patients with PD or PCa. In the present study, next-generation sequencing (NGS) transcriptome analysis was used to assess whether a genetic dysregulation in opposite directions occurs in patients with PD or PCa. The genes SLC30A1, ADO, SRGAP2C, and TBC1D12 resulted up-regulated in patients with PD compared to healthy donors as controls and down-regulated in patients with PCa compared with the same control group. These results support the hypothesis of the presence of inverse comorbidity between PD and PCa.

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