scholarly journals Fine Characterization of Natural SiO2-Doped Catalyst Derived from Mussel Shell with Potential Photocatalytic Performance for Organic Dyes

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1130
Author(s):  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Liping Xia ◽  
Jinlong Chen ◽  
Lili Ji ◽  
Yarui Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectrum ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Mussel Shell ◽  
Liquid Chromatograph ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this work, a SiO2-doped natural photocatalyst derived from waste mussel shell (HAS) was prepared by acidification. The as-prepared sample was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV-visible diffuse-reflectance spectrum (UV-vis DRS), and Differential scanning and thermogravimetric analyses (DTA/TGA). The results exhibited that HAS was mesopores nanomaterial consisting of uneven arranged rod-like structure, the dominant component of HAS was SiO2 with a large number of hydroxyl groups, and a variety of transition metals uniformly distributed in HAS. Rhodamine B (RhB) and methylene blue (MB) removal efficiencies (equal to 92.59% and 99.14%, respectively) were observed under the HAS presence when exposed to the visible light. The degradation products were analyzed using liquid Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (LC-MS) and Total Organic Carbon (TOC), among which, MB was degraded by demethylation and deamination, and RhB was degraded by N-deethylation and conjugate structure destruction. After four successive recycles, the removal efficiency of RhB and MB are still reach 86.103% and 75.844%. This study indicated that the mussel shells might be suggested as a novel natural photocatalyst in the application of dye wastewater treatment.

Bausch & Lomb-ARL: Where We Come From, Who We are

1981 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Eklund
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Alex Haley

Remembering where we came from, points out author Alex Haley in Roots, helps us know who we are today. The roots of spectroscopy are closely intertwined with those of Bausch & Lomb-ARL, known to the industry for more than 45 years as Applied Research Laboratories. A member of Bausch & Lomb's Instrument Group, ARL today is a major multinational supplier of spectrochemical instruments in the optical emission, inductively coupled plasma (ICP), X-ray fluorescence and diffraction, microanalysis, and scanning electron microscopy fields. Its story begins with a graduate student's dream—which, unlike most dreams, came true.

scholarly journals The Effect of Mg and Zn Dopants on Pt/Al2O3 for the Dehydrogenation of Perhydrodibenzyltoluene

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 490
Author(s):  
Rudaviro Garidzirai ◽  
Phillimon Modisha ◽  
Innocent Shuro ◽  
Jacobus Visagie ◽  
Pieter van Helden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Temperature Programmed

The effects of Mg and Zn dopants on the catalytic performance of Pt/Al2O3 catalyst were investigated for dehydrogenation of perhydrodibenzyltoluene (H18-DBT) as a liquid organic hydrogen carrier. Al2O3 supports were modified with Mg and Zn to produce Mg-Al2O3 and Zn-Al2O3 with a target loading of 3.8 wt.% for dopants. The modified supports were impregnated with chloroplatinic acid solution to produce the catalysts Pt/Al2O3, Pt/Mg-Al2O3 and Pt/Zn-Al2O3 of 0.5 wt.% Pt loading. Thereafter, the catalysts were characterised using inductively coupled plasma- optical emission spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction, carbon-monoxide pulse chemisorption, ammonia temperature-programmed desorption, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The dehydrogenation experiments were performed using a horizontal plug flow reactor system and the catalyst time-on-stream was 22 h. Pt/Mg-Al2O3 showed the highest average hydrogen flowrate of 29 nL/h, while an average of 27 nL/h was obtained for both Pt/Al2O3 and Pt/Zn-Al2O3. This has resulted in a hydrogen yield of 80% for Pt/Mg-Al2O3, 71% for Pt/Zn-Al2O3 and 73% for Pt/Al2O3. In addition, the conversion of H18-DBT ranges from 99% to 92%, Pt 97–90% and 96–90% for Pt/Mg-Al2O3, Pt/Zn-Al2O3 and Pt/Al2O3, respectively. Following the latter catalyst order, the selectivity to dibenzyltoluene (H0-DBT) ranges from 78% to 57%, 75–51% and 71–45%. Therefore, Pt/Mg-Al2O3 showed improved catalytic performance towards dehydrogenation of H18-DBT.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL AND PHISICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MEMORY BOARDS FROM OBSOLETE COMPUTERS THROUGH OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROMETRY AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-221
Author(s):  
Marcos Paulo Kohler Caldas ◽  
Mariana Alves de Carvalho ◽  
Viviane Tavares de Moraes ◽  
Jorge Alberto Soares Tenório ◽  
Denise Crocce Romano Espinosa
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Optical Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Scanning Electron

scholarly journals Chitosan Hydrogel Beads Supported with Ceria for Boron Removal

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Kluczka ◽  
Gabriela Dudek ◽  
Alicja Kazek-Kęsik ◽  
Małgorzata Gnus
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Boric Acid ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Chitosan Hydrogel ◽  
Chitosan Beads

In this study, a chitosan hydrogel supported with ceria (labelled Ce-CTS) was prepared by an encapsulation technique and used for the efficient removal of excess B(III) from aqueous solutions. The functionalisation of chitosan with Ce(IV) and the improvement in the adsorptive behaviour of the hydrogel were determined by SEM-EDS, FTIR, XRD, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) analyses and discussed. The results demonstrate that Ce-CTS removes boric acid from aqueous solutions more efficiently than either cerium dioxide hydrate or raw chitosan beads, the precursors of the Ce-CTS biosorbent. The maximum adsorption capacity of 13.5 ± 0.9 mg/g was achieved at pH 7 after 24 h. The equilibrium data of boron adsorption on Ce-CTS fitted the Freundlich isotherm model, while the kinetic data followed the Elovich pseudo-second-order model, which indicated that the process was non-homogeneous. The dominant mechanism of removal was the reaction between boric acid molecules and hydroxyl groups bound to the ceria chelated by chitosan active centres. Due to its high efficiency in removing boron, good regeneration capacity and convenient form, Ce-CTS may be considered a promising biosorbent in water purification.

Surface Modification of 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride -Treated Lignocellulosic Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 1010 ◽  
pp. 526-531
Author(s):  
Asanah Radhi ◽  
Abdullah Othman ◽  
Muhammad Afif Aziz ◽  
Nik Raihan Nik Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Lignocellulosic Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hexadecyl Trimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Scanning Electron

Lignocellulosic materials are generally considered hydrophilic due to the high density of hydroxyl groups. The use of lignocellulosic materials in hydrophobic systems thus require surface modification. Therefore, in this study, cellulose (MCC) and sawdust (SD) have been pretreated with ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) prior to surface modification with cationic surfactant, hexadecyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The effect of BMIMCl pretreatment prior to surface modification has been investigated. Crystallinity, functional group changes, morphology and thermal stability of the sawdust and cellulose upon BMIMCl pretreatment and surface modification have been studied using x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). XRD results showed that the structure of lignocellulosic materials became more amorphous upon pretreatment with BMIMCl. FTIR results indicated that the modification of lignocellulosic is more efficient in BMIMCl-pretreated samples. Percentage of decomposition is higher for the BMIMCl-pretreated and CTAB modified samples.

scholarly journals Efflorescent Sulfate Crystallization on Fractured and Polished Colloform Pyrite Surfaces: A Migration Pathway of Trace Elements

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Dimitrina Dimitrova ◽  
Vassilka Mladenova ◽  
Lutz Hecht
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Electron Microprobe Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Migration Pathway ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Scanning Electron

The colloform pyrite variety incorporates many trace elements that are released in the environment during rapid oxidation. Colloform pyrite from the Chiprovtsi silver–lead deposit in Bulgaria and its oxidation efflorescent products were studied using X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis, and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Pyrite is enriched with (in ppm): Co (0.1–964), Ni (1.8–3858), Cu (2.9–3188), Zn (3.1–77), Ag (1.2–1771), As (8179–52,787), Se (2.7–21.7), Sb (48–17792), Hg (4–2854), Tl (1.7–2336), Pb (13–7072), and Au (0.07–2.77). Gypsum, anhydrite, szomolnokite, halotrichite, römerite, copiapite, aluminocopiapite, magnesiocopiapite, coquimbite, aluminocoquimbite, voltaite, and ammoniomagnesiovoltaite were identified in the efflorescent sulfate assemblage. Sulfate minerals contain not only inherited elements from pyrite (Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, In, As, Sb, Hg, Tl, and Pb), but also newly introduced elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Ga, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Sn, Cs, Ba, REE, U, and Th). Voltaite group minerals, copiapite, magnesiocopiapite, and römerite incorporate most of the trace elements, especially the most hazardous As, Sb, Hg, and Tl. Colloform pyrite occurrence in the Chiprovtsi deposit is limited. Its association with marbles would further restrict the oxidation and release of hazardous elements into the environment.

The Corrosion of HDG Zinc Coatings on the Road and Urban Infrastructures

2015 ◽  
Vol 227 ◽  
pp. 217-220
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Królikowska ◽  
Leszek Komorowski
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Zinc Coatings ◽  
Scanning Electron

The standard ISO 14713-1 shows that HDG coatings should protect steel in the corrosive atmosphere C5 for 10–21 years. It was observed that pitting corrosion appears already after 2–3 years on roads and urban infrastructures and both Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) have shown that lead inclusions were present in all such corroded zinc coatings. The laboratory prepared HDG coatings with different amount of lead inclusions were investigated by gravimetric method (after exposure in salt chamber), SEM with EDS, and Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry (GDOES). The corrosion resistance was analyzed in the polarization tests and local probe techniques. The inclusions could accelerate coating corrosion because lead is cathodic to zinc.

scholarly journals Treatment of fly ash from power plants using thermal plasma

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1043-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulaiman Al-Mayman ◽  
Ibrahim AlShunaifi ◽  
Abdullah Albeladi ◽  
Imed Ghiloufi ◽  
Saud Binjuwair
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Thermal Plasma ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Scanning Electron

Fly ash from power plants is very toxic because it contains heavy metals. In this study fly ash was treated with a thermal plasma. Before their treatment, the fly ash was analyzed by many technics such as X-ray fluorescence, CHN elemental analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. With these technics, the composition, the chemical and physical proprieties of fly ash are determined. The results obtained by these analysis show that fly ash is mainly composed of carbon, and it contains also sulfur and metals such as V, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Ni, and Rh. The scanning electron microscopy analysis shows that fly ash particles are porous and have very irregular shapes with particle sizes of 20–50 μm. The treatment of fly ash was carried out in a plasma reactor and in two steps. In the first step, fly ash was treated in a pyrolysis/combustion plasma system to reduce the fraction of carbon. In the second step, the product obtained by the combustion of fly ash was vitrified in a plasma furnace. The leaching results show that the fly ash was detoxified by plasma vitrification and the produced slag is amorphous and glassy.

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