scholarly journals Catalyst and Elemental Analysis Involving Biodiesel from Various Feedstocks

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 971
Author(s):  
Ines Simbi ◽  
Uyiosa Osagie Aigbe ◽  
Oluwaseun Oyekola ◽  
Otolorin Adelaja Osibote
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Bifunctional Catalyst ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Elemental Contents

The world is currently faced with the depletion of fossil fuel energy sources and their use is associated with environmental pollution. This has triggered the need to seek alternative energy sources that are renewable, sustainable and environmentally benign. Biodiesel, an alternative fuel of interest, is obtainable from biomass feedstocks. In existing biodiesel fuel, there are concerns that it is a contaminant due to its elemental contents, which over time also affect its quality. This study aimed to investigate the influence of a bifunctional catalyst on the conversion of free fatty acids and the elemental composition of biodiesel obtained from waste oils of sunflower and palm feedstocks. The synthesised catalyst was characterised using BET, XRD, FTIR and SEM while ICP-OES and Rancimat were used for elemental contents and oxidation in feedstocks and biodiesels. The effect of Cu, Zn and Fe metals on the stability of synthesised biodiesel was further studied. The catalyst showed characteristics of bifunctionality with improved textural properties necessary for the conversion of high free fatty acids feedstocks to biodiesel, despite increasing Ca content within the produced biodiesel. Sunflower biodiesel showed superior fuel quality, although palm biodiesel had more oxidation stability. An increase in the concentration of metals decreased the induction period, with Cu and Fe being more effective than Zn metal.

Overview Effect of Biodiesel Storage on Properties and Characteristics

2013 ◽  
Vol 465-466 ◽  
pp. 260-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanis Zakaria ◽  
Amir Khalid ◽  
Mohamad Farid Sies ◽  
Norrizal Mustaffa
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Storage Method ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Main Factor

Biofuels based on vegetable oils offer the advantage being a sustainable and environmentally attractive alternative to conventional petroleum based fuel. The key issue in using vegetable oil-based fuels is oxidation stability, stoichiometric point, bio-fuel composition, antioxidants on the degradation and much oxygen with comparing to diesel gas oil. This provides a critical review of current understanding of main factor in storage method which affecting the biodiesel properties and characteristics. In the quest for fulfill the industry specifications standard; the fuel should be stored in a clean, dry and dark environment. Water and sediment contamination are basically housekeeping issues for biodiesel. Degradation by oxidation yields products that may compromise fuel properties, impair fuel quality and engine performance. The effect of storage method on the fuel properties and burning process in biodiesel fuel combustion will strongly affects the exhaust emissions.

Rancidity of Used Cooking Oil and Heavy Metal Analyses on Selected Street-Vended Foods

10.17158/224 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabelle A. Callano
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Peroxide Value ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil

Intake of unsafe food causes many acute and life-long diseases, ranging from diarrheal diseases to various forms of cancer. Thus, it is imperative that safety issues on food adulteration and heavy metals contamination be evaluated for the benefits of the consuming public. Consequently, oxidation stability and heavy metal analyses on used cooking oil and four selected street-vended foods from three different sampling sites were done. Analyses of test parameters were performed using standard methods and procedures. Overall results of the analyses with three trials each showed that peroxide value, free fatty acids, cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) did not conform to the allowable levels set for the food products. The peroxide value was three to eight times higher than the limit of 10meq/kg since it ranges from 33.33 - 86.67meq/kg whereas Cd and Pb showed concentration of 0.60 – 1.57 ppm and 30.00-35.00 ppm, respectively. On the other hand, percent free fatty acids (%FFA) ranges from 0.72 to 0.93% on used cooking oil while selected street-vended foods FFA status were recorded at the range of 1.49 to 2.92%. The results clearly indicate oxidative rancidity due to repetitive use of cooking oil and heavy metal contamination on the test samples which were found to be significantly higher than the maximum limits. This could mean that prolonged exposure to these street vended foods is detrimental to human health. The high level of POV, Cd and Pb of these products can significantly pose food poisoning, foodborne disease, neurotoxicity and even cancer.

Kinetics of free fatty acids esterification with methanol in the production of biodiesel fuel

2004 ◽  
Vol 106 (12) ◽  
pp. 831-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egle Sendzikiene ◽  
Violeta Makareviciene ◽  
Prutenis Janulis ◽  
Saulius Kitrys
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Kinetics Of

scholarly journals Fatty acids oxidation and alternative energy sources detected in Taenia crassiceps cysticerci after host treatment with antihelminthic drugs

2012 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Miguel Fraga ◽  
Tatiane Luiza Costa ◽  
José Clecildo Barreto Bezerra ◽  
Ruy de Souza Lino Junior ◽  
Marina Clare Vinaud
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Taenia Crassiceps ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources

scholarly journals Transesterification of Pyrolysed Castor Seed Oil in the Presence of CaCu(OCH3)2 Catalyst

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6064
Author(s):  
Vikas Sharma ◽  
Abul Kalam Hossain ◽  
Ganesh Duraisamy ◽  
Murugan Vijay
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Castor Seed ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Alternative Energy Resources

Energy consumption is on the rise due to rapid technological progress and a higher standard of living. The use of alternative energy resources is essential to meet the rising energy demand and mitigate the carbon emissions caused due to use of fossil-based fuels. Biodiesel produced from non-edible oils such as castor seed oil (CO) can be used in diesel engines to replace fossil diesel. However, the quality and yields for CO biodiesel is low due to the presence of ricinolic acid C18:1OH (79%). In this study, two-stage conversion techniques were used to improve the yields and properties of CO biodiesel. The catalyst CaCu(OCH3)2 was prepared from waste eggshell and synthesized with copper oxide in the presence of methanol. The castor oil was subjected to pyrolysis at 450–500 ℃ and then transesterified in the presence of modified catalyst. The reaction parameters such as methanol-to-oil ratio and catalyst and reaction time were investigated, and the optimum combination was used to produce castor biodiesel from pyrolysis castor oil. Results showed that the cetane number and oxidation stability were increased by 7% and 42% respectively. The viscosity, density, flash point, and iodine value were decreased by 52%, 3%, 5% and 6%, respectively. The calorific values remained the same. This study suggests that pyrolyzed castor seed oil followed by transesterification in the presence of a modified catalyst gave better fuel properties and yields than the conventional transesterification process for biodiesel fuel production.

scholarly journals The Precious Few Grams of Glucose During Exercise

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5733 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Substrates ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms ◽  
Glucose Disposal Rate

As exercise intensity exceeds 65% of maximal oxygen uptake carbohydrate energy sources predominate. However, relative to the meager 4–5 g blood glucose pool size in a postabsorptive individual (0.9–1.0 g·L−1 × 5 L blood = 18–20 kcal), carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation rates of 20 kcal·min−1 can be sustained in a healthy and fit person for one hour, if not longer, all the while euglycemia is maintained. While glucose rate of appearance (i.e., production, Ra) from splanchnic sources in a postabsorptive person can rise 2–3 fold during exercise, working muscle and adipose tissue glucose uptake must be restricted while other energy substrates such as glycogen, lactate, and fatty acids are mobilized and utilized. If not for the use of alternative energy substrates hypoglycemia would occur in less than a minute during hard exercise because blood glucose disposal rate (Rd) could easily exceed glucose production (Ra) from hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. The goal of this paper is to present and discuss the integration of physiological, neuroendocrine, circulatory, and biochemical mechanisms necessary for maintenance of euglycemia during sustained hard physical exercise.

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