TBO Degradation by Heterogeneous Fenton-like Reaction Using Fe Supported over Activated Carbon

This study reports on the synthesis, immobilization, and stabilization of iron (Fe) particles in activated carbon (AC) from date stem material for the heterogeneous Fenton-like removal of hazardous pollutants from water. AC-Fe was synthesized through a simple and sustainable chemical reaction using and resulting in an environmentally friendly material (AC-Fe). X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy-dispersive X-ray analyses (EDX) were used to characterize the synthesized samples. XRD, FTIR and XPS results showed the successful incorporation of iron particles onto AC. SEM images indicated smooth surfaces with clearly visible Fe particles. Compared to pure AC, AC-Fe showed higher degradation rates of toluidine blue O (TBO) dye. The effects of the initial pH and TBO and H2O2 concentrations on TBO degradation were investigated. The AC-Fe catalyst proved highly efficient in the Fenton-like degradation of TBO (50 ppm), with the removal of up to 99% in 3 min. This catalyst was used efficiently for up to four repeated cycles. The improved catalytic activity of AC-Fe was related to Fe particles for the generation of HO•. These results prove that date stems—a waste product from agriculture—are a suitable precursor for preparing an appropriate AC and catalyst and for eliminating dyes from an aqueous solution by a heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction. The above results open an interesting avenue for the development of functional green catalysts based on AC-Fe for pollution removal.

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Hydrothermal Enhanced Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Activated Peroxydisulfate Oxidation of Chloramphenicol in Aqueous Solutions: Fe-Speciation Analysis and Modeling Optimization

Water ◽

10.3390/w12010131 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 131 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lie Yang ◽

Hong Li ◽

Jianming Xue ◽

Liuyang He ◽

Yongfei Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Speciation Analysis ◽

Zero Valent Iron ◽

Quadratic Model ◽

X Ray ◽

Condition Optimization ◽

Degradation Rates ◽

Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron ◽

Initial Ph

The efficiencies of the nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) and hydrothermal and nZVI-heat activation of peroxydisulfate (PS) were studied for the decomposition of chloramphenicol (CAP) in aqueous solutions. The nZVI heat combined with activation of PS provided a significant synergistic effect. A central composite design (CCD) with response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to explore the influences of single parameter and interactions of selected variables (initial pH, PS concentration, nZVI and temperature) on degradation rates with the purpose of condition optimization. A quadratic model was established based on the experimental results with excellent correlation coefficients of 0.9908 and 0.9823 for R2 and R2adj. The optimized experimental condition for 97.12% CAP removal was predicted with the quadratic model as 15 mg/L, 0.5 mmol/L, 7.08 and 70 °C for nZVI dosage, PS, initial pH, and temperature, respectively. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of RSM for the modeling and prediction of CAP removal processes. In the optimal condition, Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 were the predominant solid products after reactions based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, which could also act as the activators along with the reaction. Overall, it could be concluded that hydrothermal enhanced nZVI activation of PS was a promising and efficient choice for CAP degradation.

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Study on Adsorption Properties of Modified Corn Cob Activated Carbon for Mercury Ion

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14154483 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (15) ◽

pp. 4483

Author(s):

Yuyingnan Liu ◽

Xinrui Xu ◽

Bin Qu ◽

Xiaofeng Liu ◽

Weiming Yi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Adsorption Process ◽

Physical Adsorption ◽

Raw Material ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Mercury Ions ◽

Corn Cob ◽

Adsorption Time ◽

X Ray

In this study, corn cob was used as raw material and modified methods employing KOH and KMnO4 were used to prepare activated carbon with high adsorption capacity for mercury ions. Experiments on the effects of different influencing factors on the adsorption of mercury ions were undertaken. The results showed that when modified with KOH, the optimal adsorption time was 120 min, the optimum pH was 4; when modified with KMnO4, the optimal adsorption time was 60 min, the optimal pH was 3, and the optimal amount of adsorbent and the initial concentration were both 0.40 g/L and 100 mg/L under both modified conditions. The adsorption process conforms to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Zeta potential characterization results showed that the adsorption process is mainly physical adsorption, surface complexation and ion exchange.

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Property of Cu2O-CuO/ZSM-5 nanocomposite and degradation process of azo dye AO7 without sacrificial agent (H2O2)

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2016.138 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 73 (11) ◽

pp. 2747-2753 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wusong Kong ◽

Hongxia Qu ◽

Peng Chen ◽

Weihua Ma ◽

Huifang Xie

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Activity ◽

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Surface Element ◽

Impregnation Method ◽

X Ray ◽

Initial Ph ◽

Sacrificial Agent

In this study, Cu2O-CuO/ZSM-5 nanocomposite was synthesized by the impregnation method, and its catalytic performance for the destruction of AO7 in aqueous solutions was investigated. The morphology, structure and surface element valence state of Cu2O-CuO/ZSM-5 were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The operating conditions on the degradation of AO7 by Cu2O-CuO/ZSM-5, such as initial pH values, concentration of AO7 and catalyst dosage were investigated and optimized. The results showed that the sample had good catalytic activity for destruction of AO7 in the absence of a sacrificial agent (e.g. H2O2): it could degrade 91% AO7 in 140 min at 25 °C and was not restricted by the initial pH of the AO7 aqueous solutions. Cu2O-CuO/ZSM-5 exhibited stable catalytic activity with little loss after three successive runs. The total organic carbon and chemical oxygen demand removal efficiencies increased rapidly to 69.36% and 67.3% after 120 min of treatment by Cu2O-CuO/ZSM-5, respectively.

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Rhombohedral Boron Nitride Epitaxy on ZrB2

10.26434/chemrxiv.12859805.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Laurent Souqui ◽

Justinas Palisaitis ◽

Naureen Ghafoor ◽

Henrik Pedersen ◽

Hans Högberg

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Boron Nitride ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Amorphous Material ◽

Limited Area ◽

Sem Images ◽

Plan View ◽

Minute Amount ◽

X Ray ◽

Rhombohedral Boron

<div>Epitaxial rhombohedral boron nitride films were deposited on ZrB<sub>2</sub>(0001)/4H-SiC(0001) by chemical vapor deposition at 1485 °C from the reaction of triethylboron and ammonia and with a minute amount of silane (SiH<sub>4</sub>). X-ray diffraction (XRD) φ-scans yield the epitaxial relationships of 𝑟−𝐵𝑁(0001)∥𝑍𝑟𝐵2(0001) out-of-plane and 𝑟−𝐵𝑁(1120)∥𝑍𝑟𝐵2(1120) in-plane. Cross-section transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs showed that epitaxial break down of r-BN film occurs approximatively after 10 nm, above which epitaxial growth proceeds only in limited area up to 80 nm of film thickness. Both XRD and TEM demonstrate the formation of carbon- and nitrogen-containing cubic inclusions at the ZrB<sub>2</sub> surface. Quantitative analysis from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the r-BN films shows B/N ratios between 1.30 to 1.20 and an O content of 3 to 4 at.%. Plan-view scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images reveal a surface morphology where an amorphous material comprising B, C, and N is surrounding the epitaxial twinned r-BN crystals. SiH<sub>4</sub> exposure prior to growth was found to reduce the amount of the amorphous phase on the surface. Defects such as pitting were also observed on the ZrB<sub>2</sub> template surface.</div><div><br></div>

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Biomass-Derived Activated Carbon as a Catalyst for the Effective Degradation of Rhodamine B dye

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr8080926 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 926

Author(s):

Shamim Ahmed Hira ◽

Mohammad Yusuf ◽

Dicky Annas ◽

Hu Shi Hui ◽

Kang Hyun Park

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Rhodamine B ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

High Specific Surface Area ◽

High Porosity ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

X Ray ◽

Transmission Electron

Activated carbon (AC) was fabricated from carrot waste using ZnCl2 as the activating agent and calcined at 700 °C for 2 h in a tube furnace. The as-synthesized AC was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis; the results revealed that it exhibited a high specific surface area and high porosity. Moreover, this material displayed superior catalytic activity for the degradation of toxic Rhodamine B (RhB) dye. Rate constant for the degradation of RhB was ascertained at different experimental conditions. Lastly, we used the Arrhenius equation and determined that the activation energy for the decomposition of RhB using AC was approximately 35.9 kJ mol−1, which was very low. Hopefully it will create a great platform for the degradation of other toxic dye in near future.

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Olive Leaves as Biotemplates for Enhanced Solar-Light Harvesting by a Titania-Based Solid

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano10061057 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1057

Author(s):

Jesús Hidalgo-Carrillo ◽

Juan Martín-Gómez ◽

M. Carmen Herrera-Beurnio ◽

Rafael C. Estévez ◽

Francisco J. Urbano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Average Particle Size ◽

Solar Irradiation ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Average Particle ◽

Olive Leaves ◽

Sem Images ◽

X Ray

Olive leaves (by-product from olive oil production in olive mills) were used as biotemplates to synthesize a titania-based artificial olive leaf (AOL). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of AOL showed the successful replication of trichomes and internal structure channels present in olive leaves. The BET surface area of AOL was 52 m2·g−1. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectra revealed that the resulting solid was in the predominantly-anatase crystalline form (7.5 nm average particle size). Moreover, the synthesis led to a red-shift in light absorption as compared to reference anatase (gap energies of 2.98 and 3.2 eV, respectively). The presence of surface defects (as evidenced by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, EPR) and doping elements (e.g., 1% nitrogen, observed by elemental analysis and XPS) could account for that. AOL was preliminarily tested as a catalyst for hydrogen production through glycerol photoreforming and exhibited an activity 64% higher than reference material Evonik P25 under solar irradiation and 144% greater under ultraviolet radiation (UV).

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Photocatalytic Decomposition of Methylene Blue with Lanthanum Doping TiO2 under Visible Light Irradiation

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.2163 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 734-737 ◽

pp. 2163-2167

Author(s):

Guang Xiu Cao ◽

Zhong Hou Zhang ◽

Bin Zhai

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Visible Light ◽

Visible Light Irradiation ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Light Irradiation ◽

Photocatalytic Decomposition ◽

Lanthanum Doping ◽

X Ray ◽

Degradation Rates ◽

Vis Spectroscopy

Lanthanum doped TiO2 powders were prepared by hydrolysis of titanium tetra-n-butyl oxide and La (NO3)3 in solution. The resulting powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activities of doped samples were evaluated by the decomposition of methylene blue under visible light irradiation. The XRD results showed that the doping of lanthanum could not only efficiently inhibit the grain growth but also suppress the phase transition of anatase to rutile. UV-Vis spectroscopy of lanthanum doping TiO2 indicated that the absorption onset red-shifted to the visible light region. XPS results revealed that La2O3 had formed which could enhance the surface area. The degradation rates of methylene blue verified that the visible light photocatalytic activity of TiO2 has been enhanced by the doping of lanthanum.

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Ultrasound enhanced heterogeneous activation of peroxymonosulfate by a Co-NiOx catalyst

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2017.316 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 76 (6) ◽

pp. 1436-1446 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Chenmo Wei ◽

Jing Zhang ◽

Yongli Zhang ◽

Gucheng Zhang ◽

Peng Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Maximum Efficiency ◽

Acid Orange 7 ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Surface Hydroxyl ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Initial Ph ◽

Reactive Oxidant

Sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes have had considerable attention due to the highly oxidizing function of sulfate radicals (SO4−·) resulting in acceleration of organic pollutants degradation in aqueous environments. A Co-Ni mixed oxide nanocatalyst, which was prepared by the sol-gel method, was employed to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS, HSO5−) to produce SO4−· with Acid Orange 7 (AO7) selected as a radical probe. The catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The characterization results indicated that the ingredient of the catalyst had been changed and the amount of surface hydroxyl increased significantly with the addition of Ni. Therefore, it proved that Co-NiOx catalyst was more effective than CoOx to activate PMS. Moreover, ultrasound (US) can increase the degradation rate of AO7 and US/Co-NiOx/PMS system. This study also focused on some synthesis parameters and the system reached the maximum efficiency under the condition when [PMS] = 0.4 mM, [catalyst] = 0.28 g/L, Pus = 200 W. The AO7 removal in these systems follows first order kinetics. Last but not least, quenching studies was conducted which indicated that the amount of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) increases with the increase of initial pH and SO4−· was the primary reactive oxidant for AO7 degradation.

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Quinone-modified metal-organic frameworks MIL-101(Fe) as heterogeneous catalysts of persulfate activation for degradation of aqueous organic pollutants

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2019.239 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 79 (12) ◽

pp. 2357-2365 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Huaisu Guo ◽

Weilin Guo ◽

Yang Liu ◽

Xiaohua Ren

Keyword(s):

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Metal Organic Framework ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Heterogeneous Fenton ◽

X Ray ◽

Metal Organic ◽

Persulfate Activation

Abstract In this work, quinone-modified metal-organic framework MIL-101(Fe)(Q-MIL-101(Fe)), as a novel heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst, was synthesized for the activation of persulfate (PS) to remove bisphenol A (BPA). The synthetic Q-MIL-101(Fe) was characterized via X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. As compared to the pure MIL-101(Fe), Q-MIL-101(Fe) displayed better catalytic activity and reusability. The results manifested that the Q-MIL-101(Fe) kept quinone units, which successfully promoted the redox cycling of Fe3+/Fe2+ and enhanced the removal efficiency. In addition, the reaction factors of Q-MIL-101(Fe) were studied (e.g. pH, catalyst dosage, PS concentration and temperature), showing that the optimum conditions were [catalyst] = 0.2 g/L, [BPA] = 60 mg/L, [PS] = 4 mmol/L, pH = 6.79, temperature = 25 °C. On the basis of these findings, the probable mechanism on the heterogeneous activation of PS by Q-MIL-101(Fe) was proposed.

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Influence of Ionic Liquids Assisted Synthesis on Morphology and Photocatalytic Properties of Bi4O5Br2

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/proceedings2019016026 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 26

Author(s):

Patrycja Wilczewska ◽

Aleksandra Bielicka-Giełdoń ◽

Agnieszka Fiszka Borzyszkowska ◽

Aleksandra Pieczyńska ◽

Ewa Maria Siedlecka

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquids ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Photocatalytic Properties ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Sem Images ◽

New Thought ◽

X Ray ◽

Chromium Vi ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Adsorption Desorption

A series of Bi4O5Br2 photocatalysts were prepared via an innovation method of synthesis with ionic liquids (ILs). The crystal structures were investigated by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) images illustrated the unique structure of prepared photocatalysts. The photocatalysts were also characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-vis/DRS) and photoluminescence spectra (PL). The role of ILs in synthesis of Bi4O5Br2 on morphology and photocatalytic properties were investigated. Rhodamine B, 5-fluorouracil and chromium (VI) were used as the model micropollutants to evaluated adsorption capacity, photooxidation and photoreduction ability of prepared Bi4O5Br2 under artificial solar light. This work provided a new thought for enhanced photocatalytic activity of bismuth oxybromide photocatalysts.

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