scholarly journals IL-1β and TNFα Cooperativity in Regulating IL-6 Expression in Adipocytes Depends on CREB Binding and H3K14 Acetylation

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3228
Author(s):  
Areej Al-Roub ◽  
Ashraf Al Madhoun ◽  
Nadeem Akhter ◽  
Reeby Thomas ◽  
Lavina Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Histone Acetylation ◽  
Trichostatin A ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Adipocytes ◽  
Additive Interaction ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
H3k14 Acetylation

IL-6 was found to be overexpressed in the adipose tissue of obese individuals, which may cause insulin resistance. However, the regulation of IL-6 in adipocytes in obesity setting remains to be explored. Since IL-1β and TNFα are increased in obese adipose tissue and promote inflammation, we investigated whether cooperation between IL-1β and TNFα influences the production of IL-6. Our data show that IL-1β and TNFα cooperatively enhances IL-6 expression in 3T3L-1 adipocytes. Similar results were seen in human adipocytes isolated from subcutaneous and visceral fat. Although adipocytes isolated from lean and obese adipose tissues showed similar responses for production of IL-6 when incubated with IL-1β/TNFα, secretion of IL-6 was higher in adipocytes from obese tissue. TNFα treatment enhanced CREB binding at CRE locus, which was further enhanced with IL-1β, and was associated with elevated histone acetylation at CRE locus. On the other hand, IL-1β treatments mediated C/EBPβ binding to NF-IL-6 consensus, but not sufficiently to mediate significant histone acetylation. Interestingly, treatment with both stimulatory factors amplifies CREB binding and H3K14 acetylation. Furthermore, histone acetylation inhibition by anacardic acid or curcumin reduces IL-6 production. Notably, inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity by trichostatin A (TSA) resulted in the further elevation of IL-6 expression in response to combined treatment of adipocytes with IL-1β and TNFα. In conclusion, our results show that there is an additive interaction between IL-1β and TNFα that depends on CREB binding and H3K14 acetylation, and leads to the elevation of IL-6 expression in adipocytes, providing interesting pathophysiological connection among IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-6 in settings such as obesity.

scholarly journals Treatment with atrial natriuretic peptide induces adipose tissue browning and exerts thermogenic actions in vivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruka Kimura ◽  
Tomohisa Nagoshi ◽  
Yuhei Oi ◽  
Akira Yoshii ◽  
Yoshiro Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Ucp1 Expression ◽  
Tissue Browning

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests natriuretic peptides (NPs) coordinate inter-organ metabolic crosstalk with adipose tissues and play a critical role in energy metabolism. We recently reported A-type NP (ANP) raises intracellular temperature in cultured adipocytes in a low-temperature-sensitive manner. We herein investigated whether exogenous ANP-treatment exerts a significant impact on adipose tissues in vivo. Mice fed a high-fat-diet (HFD) or normal-fat-diet (NFD) for 13 weeks were treated with or without ANP infusion subcutaneously for another 3 weeks. ANP-treatment significantly ameliorated HFD-induced insulin resistance. HFD increased brown adipose tissue (BAT) cell size with the accumulation of lipid droplets (whitening), which was suppressed by ANP-treatment (re-browning). Furthermore, HFD induced enlarged lipid droplets in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT), crown-like structures in epididymal WAT, and hepatic steatosis, all of which were substantially attenuated by ANP-treatment. Likewise, ANP-treatment markedly increased UCP1 expression, a specific marker of BAT, in iWAT (browning). ANP also further increased UCP1 expression in BAT with NFD. Accordingly, cold tolerance test demonstrated ANP-treated mice were tolerant to cold exposure. In summary, exogenous ANP administration ameliorates HFD-induced insulin resistance by attenuating hepatic steatosis and by inducing adipose tissue browning (activation of the adipose tissue thermogenic program), leading to in vivo thermogenesis during cold exposure.

Molecular inhibition of histone deacetylation results in major enhancement of the production of IL-1β in response to LPS

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (3) ◽  
pp. E490-E493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy A. Sato ◽  
Murray D. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Histone Acetylation ◽  
Trichostatin A ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Histone Deacetylation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acetylation Status ◽  
Tnf Α

It has been postulated that the progression of human pregnancy to term is, in part, the result of a relative maternal Th2 immunological state. This can be activated in some cell types by modifying DNA methylation and histone acetylation status. We demonstrate that the molecular inhibition of histone deacetylation, using trichostatin A (TSA), in human choriodecidual explants leads to a massive increase in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated IL-1β. The inhibition of histone deacetylation had no effect on LPS-stimulated TNF-α production or production of the other cytokines studied (IL-10, IL-1 receptor antagonist). The molecular inhibition of DNA methylation and histone deacetylation, using 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine and TSA, respectively, in human choriodecidual explants also results in an increase in the basal production of TNF-α but not that of IL-1β. The differential response is unique, and the relative uncoupling of IL-1β and TNF-α responsiveness may have importance in other biological systems and provide new therapeutic targets for pathologies where upregulation of IL-1β is known to be a causative factor.

TWEAK prevents TNF-α-induced insulin resistance through PP2A activation in human adipocytes

2013 ◽  
Vol 305 (1) ◽  
pp. E101-E112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Vázquez-Carballo ◽  
Victòria Ceperuelo-Mallafré ◽  
Matilde R. Chacón ◽  
Elsa Maymó-Masip ◽  
Margarita Lorenzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Human Adipocytes ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Tnf Α

Visceral fat is strongly associated with insulin resistance. Obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation and inflammatory cytokine production are considered key mediators of insulin signaling inhibition. TWEAK is a relatively new member of the TNF cytokine superfamily, which can exist as full length membrane-associated (mTWEAK) and soluble (sTWEAK) isoforms. Although TWEAK has been shown to have important functions in chronic inflammatory diseases its physiological role in adipose tissue remains unresolved. In this study, we explore the molecular mechanisms involved in the modulation of TNF-α-induced effects on insulin sensitivity by sTWEAK in a human visceral adipose cell line and also in primary human adipocytes obtained from visceral fat depots. Our data reveal that sTWEAK ameliorates TNF-α-induced insulin resistance on glucose uptake, GLUT4 translocation and insulin signaling without affecting other metabolic effects of TNF-α such as lipolysis or apoptotis. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments in adipose cells revealed that pretreatment with sTWEAK specifically inhibits TRAF2 association with TNFR1, but not with TNFR2, which mediates insulin resistance. However, sTWEAK does not affect other downstream molecules activated by TNF-α, such as TAK1. Rather, sTWEAK abolishes the stimulatory effect of TNF-α on JNK1/2, which is directly involved in the development of insulin resistance. This is associated with an increase in PP2A activity upon sTWEAK treatment. Silencing of the PP2A catalytic subunit gene overcomes the dephosphorylation effect of sTWEAK on JNK1/2, pointing to PP2A as a relevant mediator of sTWEAK-induced JNK inactivation. Overall, our data reveal a protective role of TWEAK in glucose homeostasis and identify PP2A as a new driver in the modulation of TNF-α signaling by sTWEAK.

Impact of glucocorticoid hormones on adipokine secretion and human adipose tissue metabolism

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John N. Fain
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Glucocorticoid Hormones ◽  
Adipose Tissue Metabolism ◽  
Tissue Metabolism ◽  
Amyloid A

AbstractThe glucocorticoid hormones alter the metabolism of the adipose tissue after an approximately 2-h lag period. The effects are mediated through the nuclear receptors that alter the expression of a wide variety of genes through the mechanisms that are similar to those seen in the other cells. There are many direct metabolic effects of the glucocorticoids on the adipose tissue metabolism, and every year, new effects are added to the list of proteins whose expression is influenced by the glucocorticoids. Furthermore, some enzymatic processes are affected by these hormones only in the presence of the other hormones such as growth hormone (GH) or insulin. Most of the effects of the glucocorticoids are on the gene transcription, and the effects on the mRNA are reflected in the altered levels of the target proteins. The glucocorticoids enhance the leptin release, while reducing that of the inflammatory adipokines and stimulating that of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in the presence of insulin. The activity of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD1) is enhanced by the glucocorticoids along with that of α1 glycoprotein 1 and serum amyloid A release by the adipose tissue. In contrast, the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF)-stimulated lipolysis in the adipose tissue is blocked by the glucocorticoids. It is still unclear which, if any, of these effects account for the insulin resistance due to the glucocorticoids in the adipose tissue. However, recent work suggests that, at least in mice, the reduction in the osteocalcin release by the osteoblasts in the presence of the glucocorticoids accounts for much of the in vivo insulin resistance. In summary, there are multiple direct effects of the glucocorticoids, both anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory, on the adipose tissue.

scholarly journals Telmisartan Improves Insulin Resistance and Modulates Adipose Tissue Macrophage Polarization in High-Fat-Fed Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (5) ◽  
pp. 1789-1799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiho Fujisaka ◽  
Isao Usui ◽  
Yukiko Kanatani ◽  
Masashi Ikutani ◽  
Ichiro Takasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Tissue Macrophage ◽  
Adipose Tissue Macrophage ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Diet-induced obesity is reported to induce a phenotypic switch in adipose tissue macrophages from an antiinflammatory M2 state to a proinflammatory M1 state. Telmisartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker and a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist, reportedly has more beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity than other angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers. In this study, we studied the effects of telmisartan on the adipose tissue macrophage phenotype in high-fat-fed mice. Telmisartan was administered for 5 wk to high-fat-fed C57BL/6 mice. Insulin sensitivity, macrophage infiltration, and the gene expressions of M1 and M2 markers in visceral adipose tissues were then examined. An insulin- or a glucose-tolerance test showed that telmisartan treatment improved insulin resistance, decreasing the body weight gain, visceral fat weight, and adipocyte size without affecting the amount of energy intake. Telmisartan reduced the mRNA expression of CD11c and TNF-α, M1 macrophage markers, and significantly increased the expressions of M2 markers, such as CD163, CD209, and macrophage galactose N-acetyl-galactosamine specific lectin (Mgl2), in a quantitative RT-PCR analysis. A flow cytometry analysis showed that telmisartan decreased the number of M1 macrophages in visceral adipose tissues. In conclusion, telmisartan improves insulin sensitivity and modulates adipose tissue macrophage polarization to an antiinflammatory M2 state in high-fat-fed mice.

scholarly journals Growth hormone acts along the PPARγ-FSP27 axis to stimulate lipolysis in human adipocytes

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (1) ◽  
pp. E34-E42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishva M. Sharma ◽  
Esben Thyssen Vestergaard ◽  
Niels Jessen ◽  
Peter Kolind-Thomsen ◽  
Birgitte Nellemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Human Adipocytes ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Signaling Mechanism

The lipolytic effects of growth hormone (GH) have been known for half a century and play an important physiological role for substrate metabolism during fasting. In addition, sustained GH-induced lipolysis is causally linked to insulin resistance. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In the present study, we obtained experimental data in human subjects and used human adipose-derived stromal vascular cells (hADSCs) as a model system to elucidate GH-triggered molecular signaling that stimulates adipose tissue lipolysis and insulin resistance in human adipocytes. We discovered that GH downregulates the expression of fat-specific protein (FSP27), a negative regulator of lipolysis, by impairing the transcriptional ability of the master transcriptional regulator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) via MEK/ERK activation. Ultimately, GH treatment promotes phosphorylation of PPARγ at Ser273 and causes its translocation from nucleus to the cytosol. Surprisingly, FSP27 overexpression inhibited PPARγ Ser273 phosphorylation and promoted its nuclear retention. GH antagonist treatment had similar effects. Our study identifies a novel signaling mechanism by which GH transcriptionally induces lipolysis via the MEK/ERK pathway that acts along PPARγ-FSP27 in human adipose tissue.

scholarly journals Role of RAGE in obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziqian Feng ◽  
Zuoqin Du ◽  
Xin Shu ◽  
Luochen Zhu ◽  
Jiaqi Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Cell Trafficking ◽  
Adipose Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Tissue Inflammation

AbatractObesity is known to be associated with adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. Importantly, in obesity, the accumulation of proinflammatory macrophages in adipose tissue correlates with insulin resistance. We hypothesized that the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and associated ligands are involved in adipose tissue insulin resistance, and that the activation of the AGE–RAGE axis plays an important role in obesity-associated inflammation. C57BL/6J mice (WT) and RAGE deficient (RAGE−/−) mice were fed a high fat diet (HFD) and subjected to glucose and insulin tolerance tests. Epdidymal adipose tissue (eAT) was collected and adipose stromal vascular cells isolated using flow cytometry. Visceral adipose tissue macrophage polarization was assessed by quantitative real time PCR. Immunoblotting was performed to evaluate the insulin signaling in adipose tissues. In additional studies, cell trafficking was assessed by injecting labeled blood monocytes into recipient mice. RAGE−/− mice displayed improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, accompanied by decreased body weight and eAT mass. Exogenous methylglyoxal (MGO) impaired insulin-stimulated AKT signaling in adipose tissues from WT mice fed a normal chow diet, but not in RAGE−/− mice. In contrast, in obese mice, treatment with MGO did not reduce insulin-induced phosphorylation of AKT in WT-HFD mice. Moreover, insulin-induced AKT phosphorylation was found to be impaired in adipose tissue from RAGE−/−-HFD mice. RAGE−/− mice displayed improved inflammatory profiles and evidence for increased adipose tissue browning. This observation is consistent with the finding of reduced plasma levels of FFA, glycerol, IL-6, and leptin in RAGE−/− mice compared to WT mice. Collectively the data demonstrate that RAGE-mediated adipose tissue inflammation and insulin-signaling are potentially important mechanisms that contribute to the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance.

scholarly journals NOD1 expression is increased in the adipose tissue of women with gestational diabetes

2014 ◽  
Vol 222 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Lappas
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Prostaglandin Production ◽  
Insulin Signalling Pathway ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Maternal peripheral insulin resistance and increased inflammation are two features of pregnancies, complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain (NOD) intracellular molecules recognise a wide range of microbial products, as well as other intracellular danger signals, thereby initiating inflammation through activation of nuclear factor κB (NFκB). The aim of this study was to determine whether levels of NOD1 and NOD2 are increased in adipose tissue of women with GDM. The effect of NOD1 and NOD2 activation on inflammation and the insulin signalling pathway was also assessed. NOD1, but not NOD2, expression was higher in omental and subcutaneous adipose tissues obtained from women with GDM when compared with those from women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). In both omental and subcutaneous adipose tissues from NGT and GDM women, the NOD1 ligand g-d-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP) significantly induced the expression and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL6) and chemokine IL8;COX2(PTGS2) gene expression and subsequent prostaglandin production; the expression and secretion of the extracellular matrix remodelling enzyme matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and the gene expression and secretion of the adhesion moleculesICAM1andVCAM1. There was no effect of the NOD2 ligand muramyl dipeptide on any of the endpoints tested. The effects of the NOD1 ligand iE-DAP were mediated via NFκB, as the NFκB inhibitor BAY 11-7082 significantly attenuated iE-DAP-induced expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines,COX2gene expression and subsequent prostaglandin production,MMP9expression and secretion andICAM1andVCAM1gene expression and secretion. In conclusion, the present findings describe an important role for NOD1 in the development of insulin resistance and inflammation in pregnancies complicated by GDM.

scholarly journals Interleukin-1β mediates macrophage-induced impairment of insulin signaling in human primary adipocytes

2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (3) ◽  
pp. E289-E304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Gao ◽  
Mohamed Madi ◽  
Cherlyn Ding ◽  
Matthew Fok ◽  
Thomas Steele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Human Adipocytes ◽  
Pathway Gene

Adipose tissue expansion during obesity is associated with increased macrophage infiltration. Macrophage-derived factors significantly alter adipocyte function, inducing inflammatory responses and decreasing insulin sensitivity. Identification of the major factors that mediate detrimental effects of macrophages on adipocytes may offer potential therapeutic targets. IL-1β, a proinflammatory cytokine, is suggested to be involved in the development of insulin resistance. This study investigated the role of IL-1β in macrophage-adipocyte cross-talk, which affects insulin signaling in human adipocytes. Using macrophage-conditioned (MC) medium and human primary adipocytes, we examined the effect of IL-1β antagonism on the insulin signaling pathway. Gene expression profile and protein abundance of insulin signaling molecules were determined, as was the production of proinflammatory cytokine/chemokines. We also examined whether IL-1β mediates MC medium-induced alteration in adipocyte lipid storage. MC medium and IL-1β significantly reduced gene expression and protein abundance of insulin signaling molecules, including insulin receptor substrate-1, phosphoinositide 3-kinase p85α, and glucose transporter 4 and phosphorylation of Akt. In contrast, the expression and release of the proinflammatory markers, including IL-6, IL-8, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 by adipocytes were markedly increased. These changes were significantly reduced by blocking IL-1β activity, its receptor binding, or its production by macrophages. MC medium-inhibited expression of the adipogenic factors and -stimulated lipolysis was also blunted with IL-1β neutralization. We conclude that IL-1β mediates, at least in part, the effect of macrophages on insulin signaling and proinflammatory response in human adipocytes. Blocking IL-1β could be beneficial for preventing obesity-associated insulin resistance and inflammation in human adipose tissue.

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