scholarly journals Genetic Engineering and Genome Editing for Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Plants

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3303
Author(s):  
Vadim G. Lebedev ◽  
Anna A. Popova ◽  
Konstantin A. Shestibratov
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Unintended Effects ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
N Metabolism ◽  
Use Efficiency

Low nitrogen availability is one of the main limiting factors for plant growth and development, and high doses of N fertilizers are necessary to achieve high yields in agriculture. However, most N is not used by plants and pollutes the environment. This situation can be improved by enhancing the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in plants. NUE is a complex trait driven by multiple interactions between genetic and environmental factors, and its improvement requires a fundamental understanding of the key steps in plant N metabolism—uptake, assimilation, and remobilization. This review summarizes two decades of research into bioengineering modification of N metabolism to increase the biomass accumulation and yield in crops. The expression of structural and regulatory genes was most often altered using overexpression strategies, although RNAi and genome editing techniques were also used. Particular attention was paid to woody plants, which have great economic importance, play a crucial role in the ecosystems and have fundamental differences from herbaceous species. The review also considers the issue of unintended effects of transgenic plants with modified N metabolism, e.g., early flowering—a research topic which is currently receiving little attention. The future prospects of improving NUE in crops, essential for the development of sustainable agriculture, using various approaches and in the context of global climate change, are discussed.

scholarly journals Adaptation Mechanism of Roots to Low and High Nitrogen Revealed by Proteomic Analysis

Rice ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xin ◽  
Lina Zhang ◽  
Jiping Gao ◽  
Wenzhong Zhang ◽  
Jun Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Rice Root ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Rice Roots ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract Background Nitrogen-based nutrients are the main factors affecting rice growth and development. Root systems play an important role in helping plants to obtain nutrients from the soil. Root morphology and physiology are often closely related to above-ground plant organs performance. Therefore, it is important to understand the regulatory effects of nitrogen (N) on rice root growth to improve nitrogen use efficiency. Results In this study, changes in the rice root traits under low N (13.33 ppm), normal N (40 ppm) and high N (120 ppm) conditions were performed through root morphology analysis. These results show that, compared with normal N conditions, root growth is promoted under low N conditions, and inhibited under high N conditions. To understand the molecular mechanism underlying the rice root response to low and high N conditions, comparative proteomics analysis was performed using a tandem mass tag (TMT)-based approach, and differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were further characterized. Compared with normal N conditions, a total of 291 and 211 DAPs were identified under low and high N conditions, respectively. The abundance of proteins involved in cell differentiation, cell wall modification, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and protein synthesis was differentially altered, which was an important reason for changes in root morphology. Furthermore, although both low and high N can cause nitrogen stress, rice roots revealed obvious differences in adaptation to low and high N. Conclusions These results provide insights into global changes in the response of rice roots to nitrogen availability and may facilitate the development of rice cultivars with high nitrogen use efficiency through root-based genetic improvements.

338 Nitrogen Use Efficiency Is Proportionally More Improved When Young Bulls Are Ranked on Residual Body Gain Rather Than on Residual Feed Intake

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 187-188
Author(s):  
Pablo Guarnido Lopez ◽  
Isabelle Ortigues Marty ◽  
Cantalapiedra-Hijar Gonzalo
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Residual Body ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
N Metabolism ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Δ 15N ◽  
Positive Correlations

Abstract Animals with superior feed efficiency (FE) may also have an improved nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), which would be beneficial to economic profitability while reducing environmental impacts. When genetically selecting animals on FE, it is preferable to use residual traits [e.g. residual feed intake (RFI) or residual body gain (RG)] rather than ratios because of their predictable genetic outcomes. We studied the relationship of RFI and RG with NUE, estimated from the validated 15N abundance in plasma, across two contrasted diets based on corn or grass silages. We evaluated FE of 588 (half by diet) Charolais bulls (545 ± 57 kg BW) from 12 experimental cohorts (different farms and periods) over 200 days. Before the end of the FE test, plasma was sampled and analyzed for δ 15N. NUE was related to FE through simple-linear models with variables previously corrected for the cohort and diet effects. The models’ slopes were standardized according to FE deviation in order to compare the response of NUE to FE between indices. Higher NUE was related to higher FE (P < 0.001), showing positive correlations with RG (r=-0.40) and negative with RFI (r=0.29). However, the standardized slope of NUE to RG was significantly higher (+28%; P < 0.05) than that of NUE to RFI. This stronger NUE relation to RG compared to RFI could reflect a higher potential of RG animals to deposit N as compared to a more conservational N metabolism in RFI individuals. Regarding diets, and despite the correction of NUE and FE for this effect, the slopes of NUE to FE were numerically (P > 0.05) higher (-16% and +36%; for RG and RFI) in corn-based diets, which agrees with superior NUE observed in corn-vs-grass diets. Results suggested that superior RG animals may present proportionally higher NUE than superior RFI animals, with even better results in corn-vs-grass diets.

scholarly journals Prospects of Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Potato: Lessons From Transgenics to Genome Editing Strategies in Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagesh Kumar Tiwari ◽  
Tanuja Buckseth ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Surya Kant
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Maize as Affected by Nitrogen Availability and Row Spacing

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 1094-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo A. Barbieri ◽  
Hernán E. Echeverría ◽  
Hernán R. Saínz Rozas ◽  
Fernando H. Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Recent Advances on Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Rice

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 753
Author(s):  
Sichul Lee
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
World Population ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
N Metabolism ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Future Demands ◽  
Global Population

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a daily staple food crop for more than half of the global population and improving productivity is an important task to meet future demands of the expanding world population. The application of nitrogen (N) fertilization improved rice growth and productivity in the world, but excess use causes environmental and economic issues. One of the main goals of rice breeding is reducing N fertilization while maintaining productivity. Therefore, enhancing rice nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is essential for the development of sustainable agriculture and has become urgently needed. Many studies have been conducted on the main steps in the use of N including uptake and transport, reduction and assimilation, and translocation and remobilization, and on transcription factors regulating N metabolism. Understanding of these complex processes provides a base for the development of novel strategies to improve NUE for rice productivity under varying N conditions.

Integrated genomics, physiology and breeding approaches for improving nitrogen use efficiency in potato: translating knowledge from other crops

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagesh K. Tiwari ◽  
Darren Plett ◽  
Trevor Garnett ◽  
Swarup K. Chakrabarti ◽  
Rajesh K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
N Metabolism ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
High Production ◽  
Food And Nutritional Security ◽  
Integrated Genomics

Potato plays a key role in global food and nutritional security. Potato is an N fertiliser-responsive crop, producing high tuber yields. However, excessive use of N can result in environmental damage and high production costs, hence improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of potato plants is one of the sustainable options to address these issues and increase yield. Advanced efforts have been undertaken to improve NUE in other plants like Arabidopsis, rice, wheat and maize through molecular and physiological approaches. Conversely, in potato, NUE studies have predominantly focussed on agronomy or soil management, except for a few researchers who have measured gene expression and proteins relevant to N uptake or metabolism. The focus of this review is to adapt knowledge gained from other plants to inform investigation of N metabolism and associated traits in potato with the aim of improving potato NUE using integrated genomics, physiology and breeding methods.

scholarly journals An Integrated Analysis of the Rice Transcriptome and Metabolome Reveals Differential Regulation of Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in Response to Nitrogen Availability

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xin ◽  
Lina Zhang ◽  
Wenzhong Zhang ◽  
Jiping Gao ◽  
Jun Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Nitrogen (N) is an extremely important macronutrient for plant growth and development. It is the main limiting factor in most agricultural production. However, it is well known that the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of rice gradually decreases with the increase of the nitrogen application rate. In order to clarify the underlying metabolic and molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon, we performed an integrated analysis of the rice transcriptome and metabolome. Both differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and metabolite Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis indicated that carbon and nitrogen metabolism is significantly affected by nitrogen availability. Further analysis of carbon and nitrogen metabolism changes in rice under different nitrogen availability showed that high N inhibits nitrogen assimilation and aromatic metabolism pathways by regulating carbon metabolism pathways such as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Under low nitrogen, the TCA cycle is promoted to produce more energy and α-ketoglutarate, thereby enhancing nitrogen transport and assimilation. PPP is also inhibited by low N, which may be consistent with the lower NADPH demand under low nitrogen. Additionally, we performed a co-expression network analysis of genes and metabolites related to carbon and nitrogen metabolism. In total, 15 genes were identified as hub genes. In summary, this study reveals the influence of nitrogen levels on the regulation mechanisms for carbon and nitrogen metabolism in rice and provides new insights into coordinating carbon and nitrogen metabolism and improving nitrogen use efficiency in rice.

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