scholarly journals Understanding Glioblastoma Biomarkers: Knocking a Mountain with a Hammer

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1236
Author(s):  
Malak Hassn Mesrati ◽  
Amir Barzegar Behrooz ◽  
Asmaa Y. Abuhamad ◽  
Amir Syahir
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Self Renewal

Gliomas are the most frequent and deadly form of human primary brain tumors. Among them, the most common and aggressive type is the high-grade glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), which rapidly grows and renders patients a very poor prognosis. Meanwhile, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been determined in gliomas and play vital roles in driving tumor growth due to their competency in self-renewal and proliferation. Studies of gliomas have recognized CSCs via specific markers. This review comprehensively examines the current knowledge of the most significant CSCs markers in gliomas in general and in glioblastoma in particular and specifically focuses on their outlook and importance in gliomas CSCs research. We suggest that CSCs should be the superior therapeutic approach by directly targeting the markers. In addition, we highlight the association of these markers with each other in relation to their cascading pathways, and interactions with functional miRNAs, providing the role of the networks axes in glioblastoma signaling pathways.

Deciphering the signaling pathways of cancer stem cells of glioblastoma multiforme: Role of Akt/mTOR and MAPK pathways

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meena Jhanwar-Uniyal ◽  
Ladislau Albert ◽  
Elise McKenna ◽  
Michael Karsy ◽  
Priya Rajdev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Mapk Pathways

scholarly journals MicroRNA-28-5p Regulates Liver Cancer Stem Cell Expansion via IGF-1 Pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Xia ◽  
Tao Han ◽  
Pinghua Yang ◽  
Ruoyu Wang ◽  
Hengyu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Sorafenib Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Background. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in the regulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, the role of miRNAs in liver CSCs has not been fully elucidated. Methods. Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-miR-28-5p in liver cancer stem cells (CSCs). The impact of miR-28-5p on liver CSC expansion was investigated both in vivo and in vitro. The correlation between miR-28-5p expression and sorafenib benefits in HCC was further evaluated in patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). Results. Our data showed that miR-28-5p was downregulated in sorted EpCAM- and CD24-positive liver CSCs. Biofunctional investigations revealed that knockdown miR-28-5p promoted liver CSC self-renewal and tumorigenesis. Consistently, miR-28-5p overexpression inhibited liver CSC’s self-renewal and tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, we found that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was a direct target of miR-28-5p in liver CSCs, and the effects of miR-28-5p on liver CSC’s self-renewal and tumorigenesis were dependent on IGF-1. The correlation between miR-28-5p and IGF-1 was confirmed in human HCC tissues. Furthermore, the miR-28-5p knockdown HCC cells were more sensitive to sorafenib treatment. Analysis of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) further demonstrated that the miR-28-5p may predict sorafenib benefits in HCC patients. Conclusion. Our findings revealed the crucial role of the miR-28-5p in liver CSC expansion and sorafenib response, rendering miR-28-5p an optimal therapeutic target for HCC.

The Role of Nrf2 signaling in cancer stem cells: From stemness and self-renewal to tumorigenesis and chemoresistance

Life Sciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
pp. 116986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houman Kahroba ◽  
Masoud Shirmohamadi ◽  
Mohammad Saeid Hejazi ◽  
Nasser Samadi
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Self Renewal

scholarly journals Crucial role of HMGA1 in the self-renewal and drug resistance of ovarian cancer stem cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. e255-e255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae Kyoung Kim ◽  
Eun Jin Seo ◽  
Eun J Choi ◽  
Su In Lee ◽  
Yang Woo Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
The Self ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Self Renewal

scholarly journals Signaling Pathways Associated with Cancer Stem Cells Play a Significant Role in Immunotherapy Resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yajuan Zhu ◽  
Yuwen Zhou ◽  
Yao Xie ◽  
Pan Song ◽  
Xuelei Ma
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Tumor Recurrence ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Immune Resistance

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells with properties of self-renewal, pluripotency, plasticity, and differentiation, and are associated with various aberrantly stimulated signaling pathways. They are responsible for tumor recurrence, distant metastasis, and drug resistance, thus inducing poor prognosis. Immunotherapy has achieved encouraging results. However, the resistance associated with its clinical application is a persistent problem in clinical and scientific researches. Increasing evidence shows that signaling pathways associated with CSCs mediate immunotherapy resistance. This review highlights the link between them, and focuses on the underlying mechanism so as to provide potential strategies and approaches for the development of new targets against the immune resistance challenge.

scholarly journals A Role for NF-κB in Organ Specific Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Kaltschmidt ◽  
Constanze Banz-Jansen ◽  
Tahar Benhidjeb ◽  
Morris Beshay ◽  
Christine Förster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
The Status ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Proliferation And Metastasis ◽  
Cancer Multiple

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) account for tumor initiation, invasiveness, metastasis, and recurrence in a broad range of human cancers. Although being a key player in cancer development and progression by stimulating proliferation and metastasis and preventing apoptosis, the role of the transcription factor NF-κB in cancer stem cells is still underestimated. In the present review, we will evaluate the role of NF-κB in CSCs of glioblastoma multiforme, ovarian cancer, multiple myeloma, lung cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, as well as cancer of the bone. Next to summarizing current knowledge regarding the presence and contribution of CSCs to the respective types of cancer, we will emphasize NF-κB-mediated signaling pathways directly involved in maintaining characteristics of cancer stem cells associated to tumor progression. Here, we will also focus on the status of NF-κB-activity predominantly in CSC populations and the tumor mass. Genetic alterations leading to NF-κB activity in glioblastoma, ependymoma, and multiple myeloma will be discussed.

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