scholarly journals The Role of Environmental Risk Factors on the Development of Childhood Allergic Rhinitis

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 708
Author(s):  
Allison C. Wu ◽  
Amber Dahlin ◽  
Alberta L. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
House Dust Mites ◽  
Tract Infections

Environmental factors play an important role in the development and exacerbation of allergic rhinitis (AR) in childhood. Indoor air pollution, such as house dust mites and secondhand smoke, can significantly increase the onset of AR, while pet dander may affect the exacerbation of AR symptoms in children. Furthermore, traffic related air pollution and pollen are outdoor air pollutants that can affect immune competency and airway responsiveness, increasing the risk of AR in children. Climate change has increased AR in children, as growth patterns of allergenic species have changed, resulting in longer pollen seasons. More extreme and frequent weather events also contribute to the deterioration of indoor air quality due to climate change. Additionally, viruses provoke respiratory tract infections, worsening the symptoms of AR, while viral infections alter the immune system. Although viruses and pollution influence development and exacerbation of AR, a variety of treatment and prevention options are available for AR patients. The protective influence of vegetation (greenness) is heavily associated with air pollution mitigation, relieving AR exacerbations, while the use of air filters can reduce allergic triggers. Oral antihistamines and intranasal corticosteroids are common pharmacotherapy for AR symptoms. In this review, we discuss the environmental risk factors for AR and summarize treatment strategies for preventing and managing AR in children.

Epidemiological Distinctive Survey Of Children With Acute Respiratory Tract Infections In Some Selected Hospitals Of Katsina Metropolis, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-123
Author(s):  
Umar Shittu ◽  
Idris Zainab-L ◽  
Umma Sada ◽  
Bashir Aliyu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

Acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs) in children under the age group of five (5) years are serious infections, which prevent the normal breathing function in the child's system. The infection usually begins as a viral infection in which it enters the child's system through the nose to the trachea (windpipe) and down to the lungs. This study aimed to identify the distinctive risk factors associated with the respiratory tract infection in which later it can lead the infection to become acute and find out the easy ways toward preventing the infections. The study was performed within the period of six (6) months during the rainy season between the periods of April to September using the human subjects under age group of five (5) years. The data analysis was done in the Bioconductor R package, statistics p-value with associated B-value were obtained from the distribution of the moderated t-statistic after the adjustment for multiple testing with a significance level of ((? 0.05) using LIMMA method. Pvclust method was also used to generate thousands of bootstrap samples by randomly sampling elements of the data and then compute graphic hierarchical clustering on each bootstrap copy. Distinctive risk factors of (ARTI) were identified, such as malnutrition (MNT), indoor air pollution (IAP), Crowdy and dirty environment (CDE), and parental education (PE) which shows significant influence on the infection. But indoor air pollution (IAP) with the highest level of significant influence to the infections. It is recommended that parents having children should be enlightened by the health personnel experts through different media communication channels and other channels in order to avoid leaving in dirty, crowdy and unventilated environment and to feed from recommended diets with their children.

The Social and Environmental Risk Factors of Allergic Rhinitis in Children

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
So Hyun Ahn ◽  
Hee Young Lee ◽  
Young Eun Song ◽  
Sin Young Park ◽  
Dae Hyun Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals Study of clinical profile of acute lower respiratory tract infection in children aged 2 months to 5 years

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1322
Author(s):  
Dhivyanarayani M. ◽  
Raju V. ◽  
Jeyachandran P.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Acute respiratory infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in under-five chil-dren in developing countries. Hence, the present study was undertaken to study the various risk factors, clinical profile and outcome of acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRI) in children aged 2 months to 5 years. To study the risk factors associated with ALRI in these children. To ascertain the association of the various cultural practices prevalent in this area with ALRI.Methods: 100 ALRI cases fulfilling WHO criteria for pneumonia, in the age group of 2 months to 5 years were evaluated for potential risk factors, clinical profile and outcome as per a predesigned proforma in a rural medical college.Results: Socio-demographic risk factors like parental illiteracy, overcrowding, partial immunization and low socioeconomic status were potential risk factors; similarly, nutritional risk factors like early and late weaning, anemia, and malnutrition were associated with ALRI. Significant environmental risk factors were the use of biomass fuels, inadequate ventilation at home, and lack of separate kitchen.Conclusions: The present study has identified various socio-demographic, nutritional and environmental risk factors for ALRI which can be tackled by effective health education of the community and effective training of peripheral health personnel.

Analysis of environmental risk factors for malaria under climate change in Korogho (North Cote d’Ivoire)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kouassi Richard M'Bra* ◽  
Brama Koné ◽  
Ibrahima Sy ◽  
Jacques André N’Dione ◽  
Nagnin Soro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire

scholarly journals Environmental risk factors related to the development of canine non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 1302-1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Almeida Zanini ◽  
Katia Cristina Kimura ◽  
Adriana Tomoko Nishiya ◽  
Rodrigo Ubukata ◽  
Rafael Magdanelo Leandro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Hodgkin’S Lymphoma ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphoma ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Non Hodgkin’S Lymphoma ◽  
Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma ◽  
Healthy Dogs

This research aimed to investigate the possible risk factors associated with the development of canine non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Owners of 83 dogs with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and of 84 healthy dogs answered an epidemiological questionnaire. Dogs who lived outside of the house and within 100 meters of busy streets or avenues (defined as more than 50 vehicles per minute) had a higher risk for developing the disease (OR: 3.1, 95% CI: 1.4-6.9, P=0.005). These results suggest that air pollution derived from vehicle traffic may be associated with the development of canine non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Summary

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 3099-3099
Author(s):  
Thomas Münzel ◽  
Sanjay Rajagopalan ◽  
Mette Sørensen ◽  
Dave Newby ◽  
Robert D. Brook
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Traditional Risk Factor ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Epidemiologic Evidence ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors

Environmental risk factors are increasingly being recognized as important determinants of cardiovascular disease. While the contribution of diet, exercise, and smoking are well understood, the contribution to cardiovascular disease by factors such as chemical pollutants, noise, and air pollution are not frequently acknowledged, despite the recognition that noise and air pollution together represent the two most important environmental risk factors in urbanized societies. This chapter discusses the epidemiologic evidence in support of an association between noise and air pollution with cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Recent studies also suggest that the two exposures may synergize with each other and with traditional risk factors such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes. From a societal and policy perspective, the health effects of both air pollution and traffic noise are observed for exposures well below the thresholds currently accepted as being safe. Current gaps in knowledge, effects of intervention, and their impact on cardiovascular disease, are discussed. Increased awareness of the societal burden posed by these novel risk factors and acknowledgement in traditional risk factor guidelines may intensify the efforts required for effective legislation to reduce air pollution and noise.

scholarly journals Emerging viral respiratory tract infections—environmental risk factors and transmission

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1113-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Gautret ◽  
Gregory C Gray ◽  
Remi N Charrel ◽  
Nnanyelugo G Odezulu ◽  
Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

scholarly journals Environmental Risk Factors and Health: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 704
Author(s):  
David Rojas-Rueda ◽  
Emily Morales-Zamora ◽  
Wael Abdullah Alsufyani ◽  
Christopher H. Herbst ◽  
Salem M. AlBalawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Environmental Exposures ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Case Crossover ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background: Environmental health is a growing area of knowledge, continually increasing and updating the body of evidence linking the environment to human health. Aim: This study summarizes the epidemiological evidence on environmental risk factors from meta-analyses through an umbrella review. Methods: An umbrella review was conducted on meta-analyses of cohort, case-control, case-crossover, and time-series studies that evaluated the associations between environmental risk factors and health outcomes defined as incidence, prevalence, and mortality. The specific search strategy was designed in PubMed using free text and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms related to risk factors, environment, health outcomes, observational studies, and meta-analysis. The search was limited to English, Spanish, and French published articles and studies on humans. The search was conducted on September 20, 2020. Risk factors were defined as any attribute, characteristic, or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or death. The environment was defined as the external elements and conditions that surround, influence, and affect a human organism or population’s life and development. The environment definition included the physical environment such as nature, built environment, or pollution, but not the social environment. We excluded occupational exposures, microorganisms, water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), behavioral risk factors, and no-natural disasters. Results: This umbrella review found 197 associations among 69 environmental exposures and 83 diseases and death causes reported in 103 publications. The environmental factors found in this review were air pollution, environmental tobacco smoke, heavy metals, chemicals, ambient temperature, noise, radiation, and urban residential surroundings. Among these, we identified 65 environmental exposures defined as risk factors and 4 environmental protective factors. In terms of study design, 57 included cohort and/or case-control studies, and 46 included time-series and/or case-crossover studies. In terms of the study population, 21 included children, and the rest included adult population and both sexes. In this review, the largest body of evidence was found in air pollution (91 associations among 14 air pollution definitions and 34 diseases and mortality diagnoses), followed by environmental tobacco smoke with 24 associations. Chemicals (including pesticides) were the third larger group of environmental exposures found among the meta-analyses included, with 19 associations. Conclusion: Environmental exposures are an important health determinant. This review provides an overview of an evolving research area and should be used as a complementary tool to understand the connections between the environment and human health. The evidence presented by this review should help to design public health interventions and the implementation of health in all policies approach aiming to improve populational health.

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