scholarly journals Air Pollution Exposure and Risk of Spontaneous Pneumothorax in Children: A Longitudinal, Nationwide Study

Children ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Jing-Cheng Wang ◽  
Cheng-Li Lin ◽  
Chieh-Ho Chen ◽  
Chien-Heng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Spontaneous Pneumothorax ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Seasonal Factors ◽  
Pollution Exposure ◽  
Insurance Database

Spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) involves the spontaneous appearance of air in the pleural space. Atmospheric pressure, temperature change, and seasonal factors may precipitate SP, but its association with air pollution remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted this nationwide, retrospective population-based study to evaluate the risk of SP in Taiwanese children exposed to air pollution. We collected data on SP incidence from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database; the Taiwan Air Quality-Monitoring Database provided daily concentrations of nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and hydrocarbons in 2000–2012. SP risk was evaluated for four quartiles (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4). The NO adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for Q2, Q3, and Q4 compared to Q1 were 1.11 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.77–1.61), 1.24 (95% CI: 0.88–1.76), and 1.66 (95% CI: 1.17–2.34), respectively. The NO2 aHRs for Q2, Q3, and Q4 were 1.12 (95% CI: 0.77–1.64), 1.31 (95% CI: 0.0.90–1.90), and 1.51 (95% CI: 1.04–2.19), respectively. Hydrocarbons aHRs for Q2, Q3, and Q4 were 0.87 (95% CI: 0.64–1.18), 1.16 (95% CI: 0.90–1.49), and 1.40 (95% CI: 1.06–1.85), respectively. Increased exposure to NO, NO2, and hydrocarbons is associated with increased SP risk in Taiwanese children.

Impact of short- and long-term exposure to air pollution on blood pressure: A two-decade population-based study in Tehran

2021 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. 113719
Author(s):  
Alireza Khajavi ◽  
Seyed Saeed Tamehri Zadeh ◽  
Fereidoun Azizi ◽  
Robert D. Brook ◽  
Hengameh Abdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Short And Long Term

scholarly journals Association of vesicoureteral reflux and gastroesophageal reflux disease in children: A population-based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory W. Hosier ◽  
Jeffrey P. McKay ◽  
Heather Lynn Thomas ◽  
Rodrigo Romao ◽  
Ewa Szudek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Vesicoureteral Reflux ◽  
Reflux Disease ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Single Payer ◽  
Insurance Database

Introduction: Practitioners have anecdotally hinted at a possible association between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). We sought to identify an association in diagnosis between GERD and VUR using a population-based dataset in a well-defined geographic area covered by a single-payer healthcare system. Methods: A retrospective review of individuals aged 0–16 years registered in the Nova Scotia Medical Service Insurance database from January 1997 to December 2012 was completed. Presence of GERD and VUR were ascertained based on billing codes. The baseline prevalence of GERD and VUR was calculated for this population for the same time period. Proportions of VUR patients with and without GERD were compared. The risk of being diagnosed with VUR in patients with GERD controlling for sex was calculated. Results: Of 404 300 patients identified, 6.6% had a diagnosis of GERD (n=27 092), 0.33% had a diagnosis of VUR (n=1348), and 0.08% were diagnosed with both (n=327). Among patients with VUR, the prevalence of GERD was 24.3% compared to 6.6% in patients without VUR (p<0.0001). Among patients with GERD, the prevalence of VUR was 1.2% compared to 0.27% in patients without (p<0.0001). The risk of being diagnosed with VUR was higher in the presence of GERD (odds ratio [OR] 4.49; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.96–5.09; p<0.0001), irrespective of sex. Conclusions: The odds of being diagnosed with VUR is more than 4.5 times higher in an individual with GERD. The clinical significance of this association remains to be explored.

Effect of air pollution on gout development: a nationwide population-based observational study

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
W -S Hu ◽  
C -L Lin
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Yearly Average ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽  
Particulate Matter 2.5 ◽  
Total Hydrocarbons

Summary Objective To investigate the effect of air pollution on gout development. Methods A total of 170318 participants were enrolled. These pollutants were considered: carbon monoxide (CO), fine particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), total hydrocarbons (THC) and methane (CH4). The yearly average concentrations were calculated from 2000 to 2011. Univariate and multivariate analyses by Cox proportional hazard regression models were adopted to estimate hazard ratios for gout in the Q2–Q4 concentrations of air pollutants compared with the Q1 concentration. Results In THC, relative to the Q1 concentration, the risk of gout was higher in participants exposed to the Q2–Q4 concentrations [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 1.10 with 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–1.19 in the Q2 concentration of THC; aHR, 4.20 with 95% CI, 3.93–4.49 in the Q3 concentration of THC; aHR, 5.65 with 95% CI, 5.29–6.04 in the Q4 concentration of THC]. In regard to CH4, when the Q1 concentration was defined as the reference, the risks of gout were increased for participants exposed to the Q2, Q3 and Q4 concentrations (aHR, 1.16 with 95% CI, 1.06–1.26 in the Q2 concentration of CH4; aHR, 2.37 with 95% CI, 2.20–2.55 in the Q3 concentration of CH4; aHR, 8.73 with 95% CI, 8.16–9.34 in the Q4 concentration of CH4). Conclusions Association between air pollution and risk of gout was noted.

Long-Term Air Pollution Exposure and Diabetes in a Population-Based Swiss Cohort

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 1500
Author(s):  
Ikenna Eze* ◽  
Emmanuel Schaffner ◽  
Evelyn Fischer ◽  
Tamara Schikowski ◽  
Martin Adam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Pollution Exposure

A Population-Based Study of Traffic-Related and Outdoor Air Pollution during Pregnancy and Autism in Denmark

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Yan ◽  
Beate Ritz ◽  
Zeyan Liew ◽  
Xin Cui ◽  
Matthias Matthias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Outdoor Air Pollution

scholarly journals Clinical Efficacy of Ruxolitinib in Patients with Myelofibrosis: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 4774
Author(s):  
Byung-Hyun Lee ◽  
Hyemi Moon ◽  
Jae-Eun Chae ◽  
Ka-Won Kang ◽  
Byung-Soo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Scores ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Korean National Health Insurance ◽  
Insurance Database

Previous studies have reported the survival benefit after ruxolitinib treatment in patients with myelofibrosis (MF). However, population-based data of its efficacy are limited. We analyzed the effects of ruxolitinib in MF patients with data from the Korean National Health Insurance Database. In total, 1199 patients diagnosed with MF from January 2011 to December 2017 were identified, of which 731 were included in this study. Patients who received ruxolitinib (n = 224) were matched with those who did not receive the drug (n = 507) using the 1:1 greedy algorithm. Propensity scores were formulated using five variables: age, sex, previous history of arterial/venous thrombosis, and red blood cell (RBC) or platelet (PLT) transfusion dependence at the time of diagnosis. Cox regression analysis for overall survival (OS) revealed that ruxolitinib treatment (hazard ratio (HR), 0.67; p = 0.017) was significantly related to superior survival. In the multivariable analysis for OS, older age (HR, 1.07; p < 0.001), male sex (HR, 1.94; p = 0.021), and RBC (HR, 3.72; p < 0.001) or PLT (HR, 9.58; p = 0.001) transfusion dependence were significantly associated with poor survival, although type of MF did not significantly affect survival. Considering evidence supporting these results remains weak, further studies on the efficacy of ruxolitinib in other populations are needed.

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