scholarly journals Lack of Maternal Social Capital Increases the Likelihood of Harsh Parenting

Children ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Sangwon Kim ◽  
Desmond K. Runyan ◽  
Yanghee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Telephone Survey ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Parenting Behaviors ◽  
Harsh Parenting ◽  
Medical Providers ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
The Family ◽  
Random Digit Dial

Does low maternal social capital increase the likelihood of parents using harsh parenting behaviors? We analyzed random digit dial telephone survey data from 661 female primary caregivers across Colorado. Positive reports of the use of either physically or psychologically harsh parenting methods were classified as harsh parenting. Absence of social capital was assessed within the family and the community; lack of social capital within the family was measured in terms of an absence of support from a partner and an additional caregiver. Absence of social capital within the community was measured as lack of interpersonal resources from neighbors and religious activities. Nearly 30% admitted to one or more physically harsh parenting behaviors in the prior year, and 85.8% reported at least one psychologically harsh parenting behavior. Lower levels of neighborhood connectedness were associated with physically harsh parenting (odds ratio = 1.50). Conflict between partners (odd ratio = 2.50) and the absence of an additional caregiver (odds ratio = 1.88) increased psychologically harsh parenting. One practical implication is that mental health and medical providers should help new parents value, access, or develop social networks within the community to prevent children from experiencing harsh parenting.

Experiencing Instigations and Trait Aggression Contribute to Harsh Parenting Behaviors

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy J. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Individual Difference ◽  
Parenting Behaviors ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Harsh Parenting ◽  
Total N ◽  
Individual Difference Variables ◽  
Trait Aggression ◽  
Reported Study

Three studies (total N = 1,777 parents) examined whether harsh parenting behaviors would increase when parents experienced an instigation and whether this increase would be especially pronounced for parents who were high in trait aggression. These predictions were tested both when parents’ experience of an instigation was manipulated (Studies 1 and 2) and when parents’ perceptions of their child’s instigating behavior was reported (Study 3). Further, these predictions were tested across a variety of measures of parents’ harsh behaviors: (1) Asking parents to report their likelihood of behaving harshly (Study 1); (2) using proxy tasks for parents’ inclinations to behave harshly (Study 2); and (3) having parents report their past child-directed behaviors, some of which were harsh (Study 3). Both child instigations and parents’ trait aggression were consistently associated with parents’ child-directed harsh behaviors. However, parents’ trait aggression only moderated the extent to which the instigation was associated with their harsh parenting for self-reported physical harsh behaviors (Study 1). The results of the current studies demonstrate that both situational factors, such as experiencing an instigation, and individual difference variables, such as trait aggression, affect parents’ likelihood to exhibit harsh behaviors, but found little evidence these factors interact.

The Shadow of the Family: Historical Roots of Social Capital in Europe

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kravtsova ◽  
Aleksey Y. Oshchepkov ◽  
Christian Welzel
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
The Family

What Do You Mean by Community Resilience? More Assets or Better Prepared?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jianwen Wei ◽  
Ziqiang Han ◽  
Yang Han ◽  
Zepeng Gong
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
2008 Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Livelihood Assets ◽  
The Family ◽  
Building Community ◽  
Household Livelihood ◽  
Social Capitals

Abstract Objectives: Understanding people’s perception of community resilience to disaster is important. This study explores the correlations of household livelihood assets, the adopted household disaster preparedness activities, and individuals’ assessment of community resilience. Methods: The data was collected in 2018 by surveying a group of survivors affected by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. The CART (Community Advancing Resilience Toolkit) was used to measure individuals’ perception of community resilience, while the livelihood assets included financial, physical, natural, human, and social capitals owned by the family, and the preparedness contained 13 activities. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models were used to test our hypotheses. Results: Social capital is consistently and positively associated with the overall individuals’ perceived community resilience, while the natural, human, and financial capitals’ effects are not significant. The awareness and participation preparedness activities are positively correlated with the perceived community resilience, but the material preparedness activities are not. Conclusions: Social capital and disaster preparedness activities are critical in building community resilience. Community resilience can be achieved by making the community more connected and by providing disaster preparedness interventions.

scholarly journals The Association of Familial Hypertension and Risk of Gestational Hypertension and Preeclampsia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 7045
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Lewandowska
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Chronic Hypertension ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
The Family ◽  
Maternal Hypertension

It has not been established how history of hypertension in the father or mother of pregnant women, combined with obesity or smoking, affects the risk of main forms of pregnancy-induced hypertension. A cohort of 912 pregnant women, recruited in the first trimester, was assessed; 113 (12.4%) women developed gestational hypertension (GH), 24 (2.6%) developed preeclampsia (PE) and 775 women remained normotensive (a control group). Multiple logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AOR) (and 95% confidence intervals) of GH and PE for chronic hypertension in the father or mother of pregnant women. Some differences were discovered. (1) Paternal hypertension (vs. absence of hypertension in the family) was an independent risk factor for GH (AOR-a = 1.98 (1.2–3.28), p = 0.008). This odds ratio increased in pregnant women who smoked in the first trimester (AOR-a = 4.71 (1.01–21.96); p = 0.048) or smoked before pregnancy (AOR-a = 3.15 (1.16–8.54); p = 0.024), or had pre-pregnancy overweight (AOR-a = 2.67 (1.02–7.02); p = 0.046). (2) Maternal hypertension (vs. absence of hypertension in the family) was an independent risk factor for preeclampsia (PE) (AOR-a = 3.26 (1.3–8.16); p = 0.012). This odds ratio increased in the obese women (AOR-a = 6.51 (1.05–40.25); p = 0.044) and (paradoxically) in women who had never smoked (AOR-a = 5.31 (1.91–14.8); p = 0.001). Conclusions: Chronic hypertension in the father or mother affected the risk of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension in different ways. Modifiable factors (overweight/obesity and smoking) may exacerbate the relationships in question, however, paradoxically, beneficial effects of smoking for preeclampsia risk are also possible. Importantly, paternal and maternal hypertension were not independent risk factors for GH/PE in a subgroup of women with normal body mass index (BMI).

scholarly journals The “Dark Side” Effects of Social Capital on Harmful Drinking among Chinese Community Residents: A Multilevel Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Nie ◽  
Yongkai Zhu ◽  
Hua Fu ◽  
Junming Dai ◽  
Junling Gao
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Chinese Community ◽  
Harmful Drinking ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Social Organizations ◽  
Multilevel Study ◽  
Community Residents

Background: To determine the effects of social capital on harmful drinking (HD) among Chinese community residents using a multilevel study. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted from 2017–2018. In total, 13,610 participants were randomly interviewed from 29 districts of 3 cities in China with a multi-stage sampling procedure. Social capital, including social cohesion, membership in social organizations, and frequency of social participation, were assessed using validated scales. HD was assessed using the CAGE four-item questionnaire. Multilevel models were developed to determine whether social capital was related to HD when socioeconomic and demographic covariates were controlled. Results: In general, the prevalence of HD was 8.18%, and more specifically, 13.77% for men and 2.74% for women. After controlling for covariates and stratifying by gender, compared to residents in the low individual-level membership of social organizations, we found that the odds ratio (OR) for HD was 1.30 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.07–1.56 among men and 1.95 (95% CI: 1.29–2.97) among women. Compared to residents in the low individual-level frequency of social participation groups, the odds ratio of HD among women was 1.58 (95% CI: 1.10–2.26). There was no association between district-level social capital and HD. Conclusions: A high level of social capital may promote HD among the residents of Chinese neighborhoods. Intervention to modify social capital under the Chinese drinking culture may help reduce HD.

Social capital, homeless young people and the family

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 730-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin David Barker
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Young People ◽  
The Family

Industrialization, Information Technology and Changes in Social Capital

2011 ◽  
Vol 58-60 ◽  
pp. 359-363
Author(s):  
Ai Lin Zheng ◽  
Zhen Sheng Tao
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Process Of Change ◽  
General Trust ◽  
The Family

Industrialization, information technology is a process of change of social capital. China's traditional social capital are mainly within the family, we must carry forward the expansion of traditional ethics and trust radius, The formation of the general trust in market economy, civil society organizations to promote the formation of modern social capital. Our government has an important role in formation of social capital.

scholarly journals Priors for Macroeconomic Time Series and Their Application

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 609-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Geweke
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Prior Distribution ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Stationary Model ◽  
Posterior Odds ◽  
Posterior Odds Ratio ◽  
The Family ◽  
Macroeconomic Time Series ◽  
Posterior Moments

This paper takes up Bayesian inference in a general trend stationary model for macroeconomic time series with independent Student-t disturbances. The model is linear in the data, but nonlinear in parameters. An informative but nonconjugate family of prior distributions for the parameters is introduced, indexed by a single parameter that can be readily elicited. The main technical contribution is the construction of posterior moments, densities, and odd ratios by using a six-step Gibbs sampler. Mappings from the index parameter of the family of prior distribution to posterior moments, densities, and odds ratios are developed for several of the Nelson–Plosser time series. These mappings show that the posterior distribution is not even approximately Gaussian, and they indicate the sensitivity of the posterior odds ratio in favor of difference stationarity to the choice of the prior distribution.

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