scholarly journals Possibility of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Metastatic Microenvironment of Cancer

2022 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-241
Author(s):  
Takuma Hayashi ◽  
Kenji Sano ◽  
Ikuo Konishi
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Metastatic Lesion ◽  
World Health ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Metastatic Microenvironment ◽  
Health Organization

According to a report from the World Health Organization (WHO), the mortality and disease severity induced by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are significantly higher in cancer patients than those of individuals with no known condition. Common and cancer-specific risk factors might be involved in the mortality and severity rates observed in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Similarly, various factors might contribute to the aggravation of COVID-19 in patients with cancer. However, the factors involved in the aggravation of COVID-19 in cancer patients have not been fully investigated so far. The formation of metastases in other organs is common in cancer patients. Therefore, the present study investigated the association between lung metastatic lesion formation and SARS-CoV-2 infectivity. In the pulmonary micrometastatic niche of patients with ovarian cancer, alveolar epithelial stem-like cells were found adjacent to ovarian cancer. Moreover, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, a host-side receptor for SARS-CoV-2, was expressed in these alveolar epithelial stem-like cells. Furthermore, the spike glycoprotein receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 was bound to alveolar epithelial stem-like cells. Altogether, these data suggested that patients with cancer and pulmonary micrometastases are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. The prevention of de novo niche formation in metastatic diseases might constitute a new strategy for the clinical treatment of COVID-19 for patients with cancer.

scholarly journals Possibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection in metastatic microenvironment of cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuma Hayashi ◽  
Ikuo Konishi
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Metastatic Lesion ◽  
World Health ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Metastatic Microenvironment ◽  
Health Organization

According to a report from the World Health Organization, the mortality and severity rates among patients with cancer infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are significantly higher than those of individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 without complications. Common and cancer-specific risk factors may be involved in the mortality and severity rates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Various factors have been determined to contribute to the aggravation of COVID-19 in patients with cancer. However, on the basis of current research, the factors involved in the aggravation of COVID-19 in patients with cancer have not been fully investigated. In the general course of treatment for patients with cancer, the detection of the formation of metastases in other organs is common. Therefore, the present study investigates the association between lung metastatic lesion formation and SARS-CoV-2 infectivity. On the basis of the results obtained, in the pulmonary micrometastatic niche of patients with ovarian cancer, alveolar epithelial stem-like cells adjacent to the ovarian cancer were observed. Moreover, it was revealed that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, a host-side receptor for SARS-CoV-2, was expressed in alveolar epithelial stem-like cells adjacent to the ovarian cancer in the pulmonary micrometastatic niche. Furthermore, it was also observed that the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein receptor-binding domain binds to alveolar epithelial stem-like cells. In other words, it was suggested that patients with cancer and pulmonary micrometastases may be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. The prevention of de novo niche formation in metastatic disease may be a new strategy for the clinical treatment of COVID-19 for patients with cancer.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) following treatment for ovarian cancer

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 17506-17506
Author(s):  
B. Gupta ◽  
S. N. Sait ◽  
A. W. Block ◽  
L. A. Ford ◽  
K. B. Moysich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Median Overall Survival ◽  
World Health ◽  
Background Therapy ◽  
Cytogenetic Changes ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Platinum Chemotherapy ◽  
French American British ◽  
Median Interval

17506 Background: Therapy-related AML (t-AML) has been reported in ovarian cancer patients treated with chemotherapy and has been associated with the use of platinum. However, little is known about these patients’ clinical characteristics, cytogenetic changes, clinical course or treatment outcome. Methods: Roswell Park Cancer Institute patients with diagnoses of AML or MDS by French-American- British (FAB) Group or World Health Organization criteria following a diagnosis of ovarian cancer were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Ten patients were identified between 1990 and 2006. All 10 had received platinum chemotherapy, and 8 (80%) had also received taxanes, 4 (40%) cyclophosphamide and 3 (30%) adriamycin. The median age at ovarian cancer diagnosis was 56 (range, 49–78) years, and the median age at AML/MDS diagnosis was 62 (range, 56–81) years. The median interval from diagnosis of ovarian cancer to AML/MDS was 5.5 (range, 3–11) years, while the median survival time of 395 ovarian cancer patients treated at RPCI between 1982 and 1998 was 4.1 years (range, 1 month to 23 years). Eight patients had AML and 2 had MDS. AML FAB types were M2 in 3, M0 and M4 in 2 each, and M6 in 1. Among 9 patients with cytogenetic data available, 6 had complex karyotypes, all of which included monosomy 5 or del(5q), and three had single clonal abnormalities, all involving chromosome 7. Of 7 AML patients who received induction chemotherapy, only 3 achieved complete remissions, and remissions were brief (3, 4.5 and 5 months). Median overall survival for all ten patients after diagnosis of AML or MDS was 4 months (range, 0.5 months to 9.5 months). Conclusions: Patients with t-AML/t-MDS following therapy for ovarian cancer have unfavorable cytogenetic abnormalities, including complex karyotypes and involvement of chromosomes 5 and 7, which are typical findings following alkylating agent therapy, and these patients have a very poor prognosis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Influenza Pandemic Planning for Cancer Patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-120
Author(s):  
Peter Battershill
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
World Health ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pandemic Planning ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Given that an influenza pandemic is likely within the next few years, the World Health Organization has recommended that policymakers take action to mitigate the consequences of such a pandemic. Because of the increased risk of patients with cancer developing complications of influenza, policymakers in cancer care should immediately begin planning for changes to resource allocation, clinical care, and the consent process during a pandemic.

scholarly journals Atypical and anaplastic meningiomas in a public hospital in São Paulo State, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 770-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedicto Oscar Colli ◽  
Carlos Gilberto Carlotti Junior ◽  
João Alberto Assirati Junior ◽  
Vicente de Paulo Martins Coelho Junior ◽  
Luciano Neder
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Operative Mortality ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Karnofsky Performance Scale ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Performance Scale

Atypical/anaplastic (World Health Organization (WHO) grades II and III) are less common and have poorer outcomes than benign meningiomas. This study aimed to analyze the outcome of patients with these tumors.Method Overall/recurrence-free survivals (RFS) and the Karnofsky Performance Scale of 52 patients with grades II (42) and III (9) meningiomas surgically treated were analyzed (uni/multivariate analysis).Results Total/subtotal resections were 60.8%/35.3%. Patients <60 years-old and grade II tumors had longer survival. Grade II tumors, total resection andde novo meningioma had better RFS (univariate analysis). Patients >60 years-old, de novo meningioma and radiotherapy had longer survival and patients <60 years-old and with grade II tumors had longer RFS (multivariate analysis). Recurrence rate was 51% (39.2% Grade II and 66.7% Grade III). Operative mortality was 1.9%.Conclusion Age <60 years-old, grade II tumors and de novomeningiomas were the main predictors for better prognosis among patients with grades II and III meningiomas.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Gastric Cancer Surgery: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-xuan Li ◽  
Chang-zheng He ◽  
Yi-chen Liu ◽  
Peng-yue Zhao ◽  
Xiao-lei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
World Health ◽  
Abdominal Ct ◽  
Surgical Strategies ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Gastric Cancer Patients ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. Patients with cancer are more likely to incur poor clinical outcomes. Due to the prevailing pandemic, we propose some surgical strategies for gastric cancer patients. Methods: The ‘COVID-19’ period was defined as occurring between 2020-01-20 and 2020-03-20. The enrolled patients were divided into two groups, pre-COVID-19 group (PCG) and COVID-19 group (CG). A total of 109 patients with gastric cancer were enrolled in this study. Results: The waiting time before admission increased by 4 days in the CG (PCG: 4.5 [IQR: 2, 7.8] vs. CG: 8.0 [IQR: 2,20]; p=0.006). More patients had performed chest CT scans besides abdominal CT before admission during the COVID-19 period (PCG: 22 [32%] vs. CG: 30 [73%], p=0.001). After admission during the COVID period, the waiting time before surgery was longer (PCG: 3[IQR: 2,5] vs. CG: 7[IQR: 5,9]; p<0.001), more laparoscopic surgeries were performed (PCG: 51[75%] vs. CG: 38[92%], p=0.021), and hospital stay period after surgery was longer (7[IQR: 6,8] vs.9[IQR:7,11]; p<0.001). In addition, the total cost of hospitalization increased during this period, (PCG: 9.22[IQR:7.82,10.97] vs. CG: 10.42[IQR:8.99,12.57]; p=0.006). Conclusion: This study provides an opportunity for our surgical colleagues to reflect on their own services and any contingency plans they may have to tackle the COVID-19 crisis.

scholarly journals Impact of nanosystems in Staphylococcus aureus biofilms treatment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita M Pinto ◽  
Daniela Lopes-de-Campos ◽  
M Cristina L Martins ◽  
Patrick Van Dijck ◽  
Cláudia Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Surgical Procedure ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Small Particles ◽  
The World ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is considered by the World Health Organization as a high priority pathogen for which new therapies are needed. This is particularly important for biofilm implant-associated infections once the only available treatment option implies a surgical procedure combined with antibiotic therapy. Consequently, these infections represent an economic burden for Healthcare Systems. A new strategy has emerged to tackle this problem: for small bugs, small particles. Here, we describe how nanotechnology-based systems have been studied to treat S. aureus biofilms. Their features, drawbacks and potentialities to impact the treatment of these infections are highlighted. Furthermore, we also outline biofilm models and assays required for preclinical validation of those nanosystems to smooth the process of clinical translation.

Clinico-pathologic characteristics and outcomes of the World Health Organization (WHO) provisional entity de novo acute myeloid leukemia with mutated RUNX1

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1678-1689
Author(s):  
Andrés E. Quesada ◽  
Guillermo Montalban-Bravo ◽  
Rajyalakshmi Luthra ◽  
Keyur P. Patel ◽  
Koji Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
De Novo ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Acute Myeloid

scholarly journals Urothelial Proliferation of Unknown Malignant Potential Involving the Bladder: Histopathologic Features and Risk of Progression in De Novo Cases and Cases With Prior Neoplasia

2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (7) ◽  
pp. 853-862
Author(s):  
Brett M. Lowenthal ◽  
Debashis Sahoo ◽  
Mahul B. Amin ◽  
Donna E. Hansel
Keyword(s):  
Median Time ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Malignant Potential ◽  
World Health ◽  
Time To Progression ◽  
Risk Of Progression ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Subsequent Risk

Context.— Urothelial proliferation of unknown malignant potential (UPUMP) is a 2016 World Health Organization classifier that encompasses prior categories of flat and papillary urothelial hyperplasia. In addition, UPUMP occurs in settings of both de novo and prior bladder neoplasia. Objective.— To identify UPUMP features associated with subsequent neoplastic development. Design.— Sixty-eight patients were identified from the archives, including 26 patients with de novo and 42 patients with prior bladder neoplasia. Patient slides and clinical course were reviewed. Results.— Patients with de novo UPUMP were detected through clinical findings (26/26; 100%), whereas surveillance cystoscopy primarily detected UPUMP in patients with prior neoplasia (29/42; 69%). Histopathologic criteria evaluated included urothelial hyperplasia, urothelial cytology, vascular ingrowth, denudation, inflammation, edema, and fibrosis. Mean clinical follow-up was 68.9 months in patients with de novo neoplasia and 69.5 months in patients with prior neoplasia. Subsequent neoplasia developed in 4 of 26 (15.4%) of patients with de novo UPUMP and was associated with cystoscopic papillary appearance (P = .02) or microscopic thin papillary ingrowths or papillations (P = .02; median time to progression, 4.1 months). Of 42 patients with prior neoplasia, 17 (40.5%) had subsequent neoplasia, significantly associated with an absence of prominent lamina propria edema (P &lt; .001; median time to progression, 11.0 months). A higher rate of progression to high-grade disease was present in patients with a prior neoplasia versus those with de novo disease (58.9% versus 25%). Conclusions.— Urothelial proliferation of unknown malignant potential shows subsequent risk of neoplastic development of 17% in patients with de novo disease and 40% in patients with prior neoplasia. The greatest risk of progression is associated with early papillary formation.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Cardioncology: From Cardiometabolic Risk Factors to Outcomes in Cancer Patients

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3316
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Quagliariello ◽  
Annamaria Bonelli ◽  
Antonietta Caronna ◽  
Gabriele Conforti ◽  
Martina Iovine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fulminant Myocarditis ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Cardiovascular Side Effects ◽  
Viral Illness ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract

The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a highly transmissible viral illness caused by SARS-CoV-2, which has been defined by the World Health Organization as a pandemic, considering its remarkable transmission speed worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 interacts with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and TMPRSS2, which is a serine protease both expressed in lungs, the gastro-intestinal tract, and cardiac myocytes. Patients with COVID-19 experienced adverse cardiac events (hypertension, venous thromboembolism, arrhythmia, myocardial injury, fulminant myocarditis), and patients with previous cardiovascular disease have a higher risk of death. Cancer patients are extremely vulnerable with a high risk of viral infection and more negative prognosis than healthy people, and the magnitude of effects depends on the type of cancer, recent chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or surgery and other concomitant comorbidities (diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome). Patients with active cancer or those treated with cardiotoxic therapies may have heart damages exacerbated by SARS-CoV-2 infection than non-cancer patients. We highlight the cardiovascular side effects of COVID-19 focusing on the main outcomes in cancer patients in updated perspective and retrospective studies. We focus on the main cardio-metabolic risk factors in non-cancer and cancer patients and provide recommendations aimed to reduce cardiovascular events, morbidity, and mortality.

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