scholarly journals Use of Actigraphy for a Rat Behavioural Sleep Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-414
Author(s):  
Shinichi Esaki ◽  
Meiho Nakayama ◽  
Sachie Arima ◽  
Shintaro Sato
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sleep Phase ◽  
Sleep Study ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Successful Induction ◽  
Activity Cycles ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Rest Activity

Previous studies of animal behavioural sleep is mainly divided into two study types, observation by video recording or counts by sensor, both of which require a complex environment and procedure. An actigraph unit is a commercially available product which can provide non-invasive monitoring human rest/activity cycles. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether actigraphy can be applied for analysing behavioural sleep in rats, since no reports have described utilization of the actigraphy unit for monitoring sleep of small animals. The actigraph unit was held on the chest of eight male rats by a loose elastic belt. The rats spent two days in a normal condition, followed by two days of sleep deprivation. Total counts measured by the actigraph could be clearly divided into two phases, sleep phase and awake phase, when the rats were kept in the normal cage. Next, the rats were moved into the sleep-deviation cage, and the total counts were significantly higher during daytime, indicating the successful induction of sleep deprivation. These results showed that the actigraphy unit monitored rest/activity cycles of rats, which will contribute to making sleep behaviour experiments easier.

scholarly journals Photoperiodic Requirements for Induction and Maintenance of Rhythm Bifurcation and Extraordinary Entrainment in Male Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Sun ◽  
Deborah A. M. Joye ◽  
Andrew H. Farkas ◽  
Michael R. Gorman
Keyword(s):  
Male Mice ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Circadian Timing ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Circadian Control ◽  
Timing System ◽  
Circadian Timing System ◽  
Activity Cycles ◽  
Rest Activity

Exposure of mice to a 24 h light:dark:light:dark (LDLD) cycle with dimly illuminated nights induces the circadian timing system to program two intervals of activity and two intervals of rest per 24 h cycle and subsequently allows entrainment to a variety of extraordinary light regimens including 30 h LDLD cycles. Little is known about critical lighting requirements to induce and maintain this non-standard entrainment pattern, termed “bifurcation,” and to enhance the range of apparent entrainment. The current study determined the necessary duration of the photophase for animals to bifurcate and assessed whether requirements for maintenance differed from those for induction. An objective index of bifurcated entrainment varied with length of the photophase over 4–10 h durations, with highest values at 8 h. To assess photic requirements for the maintenance of bifurcation, mice from each group were subsequently exposed to the LDLD cycle with 4 h photophases. While insufficient to induce bifurcation, this photoperiod maintained bifurcation in mice transferred from inductive LDLD cycles. Entrainment to 30 h LDLD cycles also varied with photoperiod duration. These studies characterize non-invasive tools that reveal latent flexibility in the circadian control of rest/activity cycles with important translational potential for addressing needs of human shift-workers.

scholarly journals The Combination Neuroprotective Abilities of Resveratrol and Naringenin in Attenuation of Sleep Deprivation Complications in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. e2315
Author(s):  
Zahra Abbasy ◽  
Hesam Adin Atashi ◽  
Felicia Agatha ◽  
Fatemeh Mirparsa ◽  
Hamid Zaferani Arani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Perception Threshold ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Control Sham ◽  
Drug Vehicle

Background: Sleep loss is one of the most important health problems in the world, and about 30 to 40 percent of ordinary people suffer from it. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of the combination of resveratrol and naringenin in attenuation of sleep deprivation (SD) complications in rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 72 Wistar male rats were randomly divided into three main groups, including control, sham, and 7-days SD group. Each of its main groups consisted of three subgroups, including without drug, vehicle, and combination therapy groups (naringenin [100 mg/kg], resveratrol [100 mg/kg]). The day after the latest injection, the fear conditioning memory tests, locomotor activity test, hot plate, and forced swimming tests (FST) were carried out on all rats, and then sham and SD groups were induced 48 hours of non-REM SD (device off and on, respectively) and these behavioral tests were repeated for all rats again. Finally, the brains of all rats were removed and histopathologically examined, and stained with nissl and TUNNEL. Results: To assess fear condition memory, the rate of latency to first freezing in the visual and auditory phase increased in sham and SD rats that received vehicle or no drug (P<0.001), which indicates memory corruption. Injection of the combination of naringenin and resveratrol reduced the latency to first freezing (P<0.001), which means improved memory. In the FST test, injection of naringenin and resveratrol reduced the rate of immobility (P<0.001), which means improved depressive behavior. The naringenin and resveratrol reduced the pain perception threshold. Also, the naringenin and resveratrol reduced apoptosis compared to the control and vehicle groups (P<0.001). Conclusions: The combination of naringenin and resveratrol compared to other groups could improve memory and mood as well as reduce apoptosis, depression, and pain perception threshold. [GMJ.2021;10:e2315]

scholarly journals Effects of Sleep Deprivation, Nicotine, and Selenium on Wound Healing in Rats

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenan Gümüstekin ◽  
Bedri Seven ◽  
Nezihe Karabulut ◽  
Ömer Aktas ◽  
Nesrin Gürsan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Accelerate Wound Healing ◽  
Pathological Analysis

Effects of sleep deprivation (SD), nicotine, and selenium (Se) on woundhealing were studied in 50 male rats (Sprague-Dawley strain). Fullskin-thickness burns were produced in animals. Then, SD, nicotine, andSe administrations were applied to animals in different groups. Woundhealing was assessed by pathological analysis of wound by countingfibroblasts, capillary vessels, polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PNLs), andby measuring radiolabeled immunoglobulin G (IgG) amount in woundarea by radio-pharmaceutical and immunoscintigraphic procedures. Thenumber of fibroblasts and capillary vessels were higher in control andSe groups than in sleep deprivation and nicotine groups, and the numberof PNLs and the radiolabeled polyvalent IgG levels were higher inSD and nicotine groups than in control and Se groups. The resultssuggest that SD and nicotine may delay wound healing and that Sesupplementation may accelerate wound healing by preventing nicotineinducedoxidative stress and lipid peroxidation.

scholarly journals Rest-activity cycles and melatonin phase angle of circadian entrainment in people without cone-mediated vision

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Spitschan ◽  
Corrado Garbazza ◽  
Susanne Kohl ◽  
Christian Cajochen
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
External World ◽  
Circadian Phase ◽  
Cone System ◽  
Retinohypothalamic Tract ◽  
Activity Cycles ◽  
Phase Angles ◽  
Rest Activity

AbstractLight is strong zeitgeber to the human circadian system, entraining internal rhythms in physiology and behaviour to the external world. This is mediated by the melanopsin-expressing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), which sense light in addition to the classical photoreceptors, the cones and rods. Circadian responses depend on light intensity, with exposure to brighter light leading to bigger circadian phase shifts and melatonin suppression. In congenital achromatopsia (prevalence 1 in 30,000 to 50,000 people), the cone system is non-functional, resulting in light avoidance and photophobia at light levels which are tolerable and habitual to individuals with a normal, trichromatic retina. Here, we examined chronotype and self-reported sleep, actigraphy-derived rest-activity cycles and increases melatonin in the evening in a group of genetically confirmed congenital achromats. We found normal rest-activity patterns in all participants, and normal melatonin phase angles of entrainment in 2/3 of our participants. Our results suggest that a functional cone system and exposure to daytime light intensities are not necessary for regular behavioural and hormonal entrainment. This may point to a compensation mechanism in circadian photoreception, which in conjunction with non-photic zeitgebers, ensures synchronisation of activity to the external world.Significance statementRhythms in physiology and behaviour are synchronised to the external cycle of light exposure. This is mediated by the retinohypothalamic tract, which connects the photoreceptors in the eye with the “circadian pacemaker” in our brain, the suprachiasmatic nucleus. What happens to our circadian rhythm when we lack the cone photoreceptors in the eye that enable us to see in daylight? We examined this question in a group of rare congenital achromats. Our work reveals that normal rhythms in rest and activity, and production of hormones, does not require a functional cone system.

829 Chronic sleep deprivation in a 75-year-old female leading to micro-sleeps with atonia causing increased falls

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A323-A323
Author(s):  
Neeley Remmers ◽  
Michael Anderson ◽  
John Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Exercise Intolerance ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
Sleep Study ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chronic Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Chronic Sleep

Abstract Introduction Each year, 3 million older people are treated in emergency departments for fall-related injuries. These falls can lead to serious injuries and expensive health care costs. Some have looked into the relationship between chronic sleep disturbances and falls linking chronic sleep deprivation or excessive sleep to falling. Here, we present a unique case of chronic sleep deprivation causing sleep attacks or micro-sleeps with atonia causing falls. Report of case(s) We present a 75-year-old F with a history of increased daily falls up to 4x per day that began 3 years ago. She denies any triggering events, auras, frequent tripping, loss of balance or weakness. Reportedly, she will be walking along then suddenly falls. She is aware that she is falling yet feels as though she cannot prevent/stop the fall or break her fall. No one has witnessed her fall, but is frequently found lying on the floor. She has never sustained a serious injury as a result of her falls. She has an 8 year history of restless legs syndrome treated with ropinirole and a 10 year history of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) treated with CPAP. Her general bedtime is 2200 and wake-time is 0400 with an average 3–4 hrs of quality sleep per night for many years. She endorses severe daytime hypersomnolence and chronic hypoxemia on 3L home oxygen. We hypothesized her falls were secondary to sleep attacks or micro-sleeps where she enters REM sleep and develops atonia. Nocturnal sleep study followed by MSLT showed severe OSA with severe, persistent daytime sleeping with REM sleep and atonia. She had a mean sleep latency of 2 minutes with 1 sleep-onset REM period. We started NIPPV with supplemental oxygen treatment, and within 4 months her daytime hypersomnolence resolved, exercise intolerance improved, saturations improved to 89–90% on room air, and has &lt;1 fall per day. Conclusion Here, we presented a unique case of a 75 yo F with recurrent falls secondary to chronic sleep deprivation causing micro-sleeps involving REM sleep and atonia. She was treated with NIPPV which improved her oxygenation and reduced her number of falls to &lt;1 per day. Support (if any):

scholarly journals Sleep deprivation undermines the link between identity and intergroup bias

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinxiao Zhang ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Ying-Yi Hong
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Intergroup Bias ◽  
Sleep Study ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Common Identity ◽  
Common Ingroup Identity ◽  
The One ◽  
Ingroup Identity

Abstract This research seeks to bridge two findings—on the one hand, top-down controlled processes inhibit display of intergroup bias; on the other one hand, sleep deprivation impairs cognitive control processes. Connecting these two proven statements, begs the question: would sleep deprivation also influence intergroup bias? This intriguing link has hardly been explored in extant literature. To fill this gap, we theorize through the lens of social identity. Previous research has shown that individuals who share a common identity with an outgroup are more motivated to inhibit biases toward the outgroup than do their counterparts who do not endorse such common identity. We predicted that this motivated inhibition would be compromised by sleep deprivation. Across two studies, as predicted, we found that only when an individual has adequate sleep did common ingroup identity attenuate the display of intergroup bias, whereas individuals with short habitual sleep (study 1) or after one-night sleep deprivation (study 2) displayed equally high levels of intergroup bias regardless of their high or low levels of common ingroup identity. In the global context of incessant intergroup bias and diminishing sleep time, our findings offer new insights for understanding and handling intergroup bias.

scholarly journals 0286 Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Relationships between Rest-Activity Rhythms and Metabolic Biomarkers in Older Men: The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Sleep Study

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A116-A117
Author(s):  
Qian Xiao ◽  
Daniel S Evans ◽  
Susan Redline ◽  
Nancy Lane ◽  
Sonia Ancoli-Israel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sleep Study ◽  
Activity Rhythms ◽  
Metabolic Biomarkers ◽  
Longitudinal Relationships ◽  
Rest Activity

scholarly journals 0804 Sleep Bruxism, Awake Bruxism and Sleep Related Breathing Disorders in Adults With Down Syndrome

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A306-A306
Author(s):  
L Giannasi ◽  
M Meira e Cruz ◽  
T Rezende ◽  
M Dutra ◽  
S Nacif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Sleep Bruxism ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Sleep Related Breathing Disorders ◽  
Sleep Study ◽  
Breathing Disorders ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Awake Bruxism

Abstract Introduction To our knowledge, no studies have accessed theawake bruxism (AB) and stage by stage sleep bruxism (SB) in adults with Down syndrome. Recent works have shown that portable PSG systems are accurate for SB assessment even in the absence of audio-video recording. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of awake bruxism, stage-by-stage sleep bruxism and Sleep Related Breathing Disorders (SRBD) in adults with Down syndrome. Methods Twenty-three adults with Down Syndrome (DS) were enrolled in this study. General health, dental status, parafunctional habits and temporomandibular symptoms were assessed. The history of SB/AB was taken from a questionnaire to the caregivers. A portable PSG type II system (Embla Embletta MPR+PG ST+Proxy, Natus, California-USA) was used to perform a full-sleep study at patients’ home. RMMA activity was defined as low (&gt;1 and &lt;2 episodes/h of sleep), moderate (&gt;2 and &lt;4 episodes/h of sleep), or high (&gt;4 episodes/h of sleep). PSG diagnose of SB was assumed if RMMA index was &gt;2 episodes/h of sleep. Results According to caregiver’s report, AB was present in all patients whereas only 13.1% had SB. PSG records showed a SB prevalence of 91.3%, with a mean RMMA index 40.0±30.0/h. Only 2 (8,7%) showed RMMA index of 0.0/h. SB episodes were predominant in N3 and REM sleep stage in 14 and 9 patients, respectively. All but one (95,7%) patient (isolated snoring) presented with OSA (AHI=32.8±28.6). A unique TMD symptom (pain on palpation) was present in 8,7% of the global sample. Conclusion The high prevalence of “definitive SB” together with the high prevalence of OSA and snoring point in favor to the recommendation of routine PSG in adults with DS. Furthermore, the low sensitivity of parent-oriented questionnaires reinforces the need of more accurate assessment tools in order to get a better standard of care in this particular group of patients. Support State of Sao Paulo Research Support Foundation - FAPESP grant number: 2017/06835-8

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