scholarly journals Clocks in Dreams: Analysis of a Long Dream Series

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-614
Author(s):  
Michael Schredl
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Dream Content ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Everyday Objects ◽  
Dream Characters

Many dream content analytic studies focus on dream characters, animals, social interactions and so on, but they rarely analyze the frequency of everyday objects in dreams. In the present paper, the frequency and phenomenology of clock dreams in a dream series of 12,476 dreams of a single male dreamer was analyzed. The clock dreams (0.74% of all dreams) show a variety of contexts not only related to the time management of the dreamer within the dream. Interestingly, clocks that belong to the dreamer in waking life occurred very rarely in his dreams. Given that keeping time schedules and appointments in waking life is of importance to almost everyone, the low frequency of clock dreams might be explained by novelty, that is, waking-life experiences that repeat themselves regularly do not show up in dreams that often. Thus, studying everyday objects such as clocks in dreams might help refine the current models describing the continuity between waking and dreaming.

scholarly journals Differences in dream content during a daytime nap and the relationship of the dream content to procedural learning in Vipassana meditators and controls.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Solomonova ◽  
Simon Dubé ◽  
Arnaud Samson-Richer ◽  
Cloé Blanchette-Carrière ◽  
Tyna Paquette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Procedural Learning ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dream Content ◽  
Procedural Task ◽  
Dream Characters ◽  
Vipassana Meditation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Daytime Nap

Vipassana meditation is characterized by observing bodily sensations, developing emotional and attentional stability and promoting pro-social qualities. Whether these qualities are also reflected in dream content is not currently known. Evidence relating dream content with sleep-depending learning is mixed: some studies suggest that dreaming of a task is beneficial for improvement, while others find no such effect. This study aimed at investigating whether meditators have qualitatively different dreams than controls; whether meditators incorporate a procedural learning task more often than controls; and whether dreaming about the task is related to better post-sleep performance on the task.20 meditators and 20 controls slept for a daytime nap at the laboratory. Prior to sleep and upon awakening they completed a procedural learning task. Dream reports were collected at sleep onset and upon awakening (REM/N2 sleep). Dreams were then scored for qualities associated with meditation practice and for incorporations of the procedural task and of the laboratory. Meditators had longer dreams, slightly more references to the body and friendlier and more compassionate interactions with dream characters. Dreams of meditation practitioners were not more lucid than those of controls. Meditators did not incorporate the learning task or laboratory into dream content more often than controls, and no relationship was found between dream content and performance on a procedural task. In control participants, in contrast, incorporating task or laboratory in REM/N2 dreams was associated with improvement on the task, but incorporations at sleep onset were associated with slightly worse performance on the task.

Instability of Harems of Feral Horses in Relation To Season and Presence of Subordinate Stallions

Behaviour ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 149-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Franke Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Lifetime Reproductive Success ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Island Population ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Feral Horses ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

AbstractMale horses (Equus caballus) defend harems of females (bands) year-round and throughout their lifetimes. A male's lifetime reproductive success depends upon the number of females in his harem. Although harems have previously been reported as remaining stable over many years, during the two years of this study 30 % of the adult females in an island population of feral horses changed harems during late winter. The seasonal differences in harem stability resulted from seasonal differences in the abundance and distribution of food. The spacing between band members was greater and the frequency of social interactions between them was lower in winter than in summer. In addition, the amount of time devoted to grazing increased in winter. These differences are attributed to the lower availability of suitable vegetation duirng winter. Harem stability did not depend on the age of females, the size of the harem, nor the age of the harem stallion, but did depend on the presence of subordinate stallions attached to the band. All of the females that changed bands left single-male bands; multi-male bands were stable throughout the study.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Leadership Competences of Female and Male Mexican Expatriates

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Erika Lourdes González Rosas ◽  
Martha Leticia Guevara Sanginés ◽  
Martin P. Pantoja Aguilar ◽  
Luz Adriana Sancén
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Female Leadership ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Single Female ◽  
Single Male ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
S Model

The purpose of this study is to compare female and male leadership competences of Mexican expatriates in the USA, using a qualitative approach. A case study was conducted through a narrative analysis of the information. The study also revised the factors that contributed to the leadership competences of expatriates. The responses of a single female and a single male Mexican expatriates were collected through open responses using an electronic questionnaire. The research questions were: What are the leadership competences of Mexican expatriates? Which are the main differences between women’s and men’s leadership competences in Mexican expatriates? The comparison was made using Pablo Cardona´s model of competences. Since leadership competences are observable behaviors, a narrative analysis was conducted and some key differences were found between male and female leadership competences. For example, it appears that Mexican male expatriates tend to focus on leadership, receptiveness and informal features; while women focus on values, information and formal position. Common features were found between both interviewees concerning work and personal life related to time management competence. As future research, a quantitative analysis is required to corroborate these findings.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS ON THE LOCAL STUDENTS’ LIFE EXPERIENCES

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 09-23
Author(s):  
Siti Maziha Mustapha ◽  
Faridah Ibrahim ◽  
Suhida Hani Suid ◽  
Karthiyaini Devarajoo ◽  
Suraya Amirrudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Time Management ◽  
English Language ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Language Abilities ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Local Students ◽  
Different Cultures

This research explored the local students’ interaction with their international peers and investigated whether they consider the inclusion of international students has positively or negatively affected their education experiences. This study found that the local students were somewhat comfortable as they did not mind having international students on campus. They value the interactions that they had with the international students as they got to learn about different cultures and broaden their worldview. The local students revealed that they do face challenges in working in group activities or assignments with international students due to differences in English language abilities and attitudes towards the quality of work and time management. They also expressed interest and willingness to participate in university events or programmes that would enable them to socialise with the international students. They believe that universities should organize more events that would encourage interaction between local and international so they could form a stronger bond. It is recommended that strategies be put into place by both private and public universities to organize meaningful events or programmes that would foster greater understanding and appreciation of diversity on campus and promote a harmonious environment for a conducive multinational campus.

scholarly journals Touch desire, avoidance and awareness: tracking touch attitude changes before and after the COVID-19 outbreak

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Ujitoko ◽  
Takumi Yokosaka ◽  
Yuki Ban ◽  
Hsin-Ni Ho
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Everyday Objects ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Human Touch ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Environmental Exploration

Touch is essential for social interactions, environmental exploration, and wellbeing. However, human touch behaviour has been greatly restricted by COVID-19 prevention measures, and this is expected to impact people’s attitude toward touch. Here we examined the transition of people’s touch attitudes (touch desire, avoidance, and awareness) before and after the COVID-19 outbreak, using data from millions of public Twitter posts over an eight-year span. We found that people's desire for touching the human body and pet animals increased significantly after the COVID-19 outbreak and remained high afterward. In contrast, the avoidance and the awareness of touching everyday objects increased immediately after the outbreak but gradually returned to the pre-COVID-19 levels. Our findings highlight the sign of “skin hunger”, a public health crisis due to social distancing, and call attention to the trend that people are becoming less aware of infection control as COVID-19 persists.

Social Relationships Among Adult Male and Female Baboons. Ii. Behaviour Throughout the Female Reproductive Cycle

Behaviour ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 64 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 227-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Seyfarth
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Social Bond ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Alpha Male ◽  
Subordinate Male ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

AbstractA study of social interactions between two adult males and eight adult females throughout sexual cycling, pregnancy, and lactation revealed three types of "long-term" social bond. 1. Persistent, high-frequency bonds. Two male-female dyads exhibited frequent proximity and grooming throughout the study regardless of changes in female reproductive state. In both cases frequent interaction persisted because of preferences which partners showed for each other. Males in both dyads aided their partners when the partners received aggression more often than they aided others. 2. Persistent, low-frequency bonds. Three females showed a preference for the Alpha male over the subordinate male in all reproductive states. Each female appeared to be attempting to establish a "high-frequency" social bond with the Alpha male. However, all were prevented from doing so by two factors: the Alpha male's preference for one female over all others (see above), and competition from this preferred female. Females competed for access to the Alpha male equally often in all reproductive states. 3. Bonds based on "alternating" f emale preference. Three females associated primarily with the subordinate male during lactation and the Alpha male during sexual cycling. Since the subordinate male served as a focal point for the activities of infants and juveniles, females appeared to benefit from their association with him during lactation. In addition, data suggested that the subordinate male, having established bonds during lactation, attempted to maintain these bonds into the females' periods of sexual cycling. It is hypothesized that the existence of these male-female bonds in multi-male primate groups produces a social structure characterized by a polygynous mating system. Data suggest that male-female relationships are best understood not by examining sexual consortship alone but by considering sexual behaviour within the context of social interactions throughout all reproductive states.

Findings from Studies of Individual Dream Series

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. William Domhoff
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Dream Content ◽  
Quantitative Studies

Chapter 3 presents findings from the study of individual dream journals as well as the methodological and statistical case for using them. These nonreactive measures (which are called “dream series” in the literature) lend themselves to a variety of quantitative studies. The systematic and replicated findings from such studies reveal that dream content is far more consistent over months, years, and decades than could be realized from lab and non-lab group studies. They also demonstrate that there is continuity between the personal concerns and interests enacted in dream scenarios and the waking personal concerns and interests of the dreamer. This is especially the case in terms of characters, social interactions, and activities (such as a passion for music or sports). However, the chapter also stresses that there is much dream content that is not understood.

A Note on the Masking of Pictures

Perception ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M Forster
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Pattern Mask ◽  
Type B ◽  
General Applicability ◽  
Everyday Objects ◽  
Different Types

An experiment is described in which photographs of everyday objects were masked by frequency-filtered random visual noise. The masking functions obtained were of the same type as those obtained by masking letters and words with random noise or a pattern mask. That is, the high-frequency mask produced a type A function while the low-frequency mask produced a type B function. This result is discussed in terms of the general applicability of models of visual information processing constructed on the basis of experiments with letter or word stimuli. It is suggested that spatial-frequency concepts may usefully be employed to describe the relevant features of different types of mask.

The Language and Social Psychology of Savoring: Advancing the Communication Savoring Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-259
Author(s):  
Margaret Jane Pitts
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Constructivist Grounded Theory ◽  
Relational Communication ◽  
Communication Model ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Phenomenological Inquiry ◽  
Positive Communication ◽  
Intergroup Relationships

Savoring is a well-established construct in positive psychology referring to one’s capacity to recognize and appreciate enjoyable life experiences. Guided by phenomenological inquiry and constructivist grounded theory, I propose communication savoring as a new dimension of social savoring that has theoretical and practical relevance in the fields of positive communication and language and social psychology. Evidence is drawn from young adults’ narrative descriptions of communication moments they savored. From these narratives, I proffer a typology of communication savoring that includes aesthetic communication, communication presence, nonverbal communication, recognition and acknowledgment, relational communication, extraordinary communication, and implicitly shared communication. I also describe the phenomenological experiences of savoring social interactions in the past, present, and future. To advance the communication model of savoring, I offer initial conceptual and operational definitions of communication savoring and recommend future directions for research within interpersonal and intergroup relationships.

Dreaming About One’s Own Children: An Online Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 027623662110174
Author(s):  
Michael Schredl ◽  
Naiara Cadiñanos Echevarria ◽  
Louise Saint Macary ◽  
Alexandra Francesca Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Continuity Hypothesis ◽  
Emotional Tone ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Way

Social interactions with close persons are very important and one would expect – according to the continuity hypothesis of dreaming – that the dreamer's own children would show up in dreams quite frequently. So far the extent to which dreams include the dreamer’s own children has not been studied systematically. Overall, 1695 persons (960 women, 735 men; age mean: 53.84 ± 13.99 years) completed an online survey that included questions about dreams and waking-life experiences with their children. The findings indicate parents dream about their children in 17% of the remembered dreams, whereas participants without children only dream about having fictive children in the dream in less than 3% of all their recalled dreams. Results indicate that average emotional tone of the dreams with their own children was positive, but dreams might also focus on conflicts and worries as the mean emotional tone within dreams was less positive that the mean estimates of the emotional tone of the waking-life relationship. This first study on the frequency with which a dreamer’s own children appear in their dreams is a starting point to take a closer look at the way the parent-child relationship is reflected in dreams.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document