Distribution Systems as a Component of Supply Chain at Hypermarket: Does It Matter?

Distribution is generally a marketing channel for goods that will be determined by companies in distributing or providing related services to agents, intermediaries, wholesalers, and consumers. Distribution channels are very significant in the company's retail activities because this will affect the decisions made by the company managers. The purpose of this study is to produce a study of: distribution channels operated by hypermarts in Sidoarjo. The research is qualitative in nature. The data collection technique is literature study and field study which employs observation and interviews. The sampling technique used is purposive random sampling. The results show that the companies use direct distribution channels because the goods are sold directly to consumers.

Examining Financial Controls Practices Among Religious Non-Profit Organisations: A Case Study of Malaysia

There have been many financial scandals associated with religious-based non-profit organisations (RNPOs), their involvement in unethical and wrongdoing has pressured non-profit organisations, especially religious-based NPOs (RNPOs) to start adopting highly transparent and accountable financial management practices. Despite many efforts to improve the RNPOs’ service quality, their integrity has been tinted with many scandalous incidents of funds embezzlement and corruption. Poor financial accountability and lack of legal requirements are argued to be the underpinning reasons for such financial atrocities occurring. With the absence of sound financial governance and comprehensive financial regulations, it has been impaired the government’s ability to detect, prevent and correct RNPOs’ financial misconduct. To prevent financial misconduct from repeatedly occurring, having cogent financial control practices will ensure the RNPOs upholding their accountability duties to the clients they have served. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to examine Malaysian RNPOs financial controls practices. In doing so, various religious-based NGOs’ (i.e. Islam, Buddha, and Christian) representatives were interviewed, analysed, and appraised with Simon’s (1994) control framework. The findings indicate that the RNPOs financial control practices are mediated by the virtue of the religions that they have adopted, the RNPOs’ affiliation (i.e. local-based, foreign-based, and/or semi-government organisation), and the level of sponsorships and grants they have received.

How Some Lawyers Prioritise Earnings and Not Necessarily the Best Interests of Their Clients

This case deals with an employee seeking justice in a labour dispute and who ends up paying a small fortune in legal fees and still fails to find satisfaction. The case provides food for thought for human resource practitioners and particularly lawyers regarding under the circumstances when they should be ethically bound to advise disgruntled employees to cease pursuing a grievance that has little prospect of success. How and when should the human resource practitioner provide professional and independent advice, and when should the ethical (sic) lawyer refuse to approach the courts with a case containing insufficient merit?

Playing Global Monopoly in Cement: The Globalization of CEMEX

This research article is intended for use as a classroom case study with questions for discussion in International Business. This research analyzes CEMEX and their strategy for globalization. CEMEX is a Mexico founded building materials company that operates in more than fifty countries and maintains trade relationships in over one-hundred nations. In addition to CEMEX creating an international business, CEMEX embraces core values including ethics, integrity, and environmental sustainability. The literature review in this study, documents how CEMEX overcame cultural and political implications, and significant risk to become a significant multinational corporation. The topical focus and purpose of this research is to explore CEMEX critically as a specimen company representing cross-cultural and international business growth. The analysis includes the utilization of the Hofstede Cultural Dimensions framework and the PESTLEEG analysis.

Playing Global Monopoly in Cement: The Globalization of CEMEX

This research article is intended for use as a classroom case study with questions for discussion in International Business. This research analyzes CEMEX and their strategy for globalization. CEMEX is a Mexico founded building materials company that operates in more than fifty countries and maintains trade relationships in over one-hundred nations. In addition to CEMEX creating an international business, CEMEX embraces core values including ethics, integrity, and environmental sustainability. The literature review in this study, documents how CEMEX overcame cultural and political implications, and significant risk to become a significant multinational corporation. The topical focus and purpose of this research is to explore CEMEX critically as a specimen company representing cross-cultural and international business growth. The analysis includes the utilization of the Hofstede Cultural Dimensions framework and the PESTLEEG analysis.

Banks Performance: Does Treasury Single Account matter? Evidence From Selected Commercial Banks in Tanzania

This research assess the impacts of treasury single account on the financial performance of selected commercial banks in Tanzania. Data were collected from annual report of fourteen (14) commercial banks and Bank of Tanzania for the period of ten (10) years. The study used net interest margin as a dependent variable, government deposits as independent variable and both bank size and leverage were used as controlling variables. The data were analyzed by both EVIEWS 12 and STATA 16 using an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model analysis. Our results concludes that treasury single account has impact on banks financial performance, the results shows that the government deposits has a significant positive effects on net interest margin. The possible reason for our results is the fact that Tanzania commercial banks were over relied on government funds rather than to mobilize funds from the un-banked among rural residents. Thus, the study recommend that for the commercial banks to improve their financial performance, they have to redefine the nature of competition, diversify economically and refocus on the original purposes for which they were set up- to collect deposits to customers especially from private sectors and un-banked Tanzanians.

On Marketing Strategies of Uniqlo: An Analysis of Online and Offline Integration

The purpose of this study is to examine the difficulties of products out-of-sync, price conflict, serious lack of sales flow, two-way traffic flow difficulties and advantages in the process of online and offline integration. This paper analyzes the marketing strategies of online and offline integration of Uniqlo through literature review, case study, participant observation and SWOT analysis. Finally, the paper summarizes some online and offline marketing strategies which are suitable for traditional clothing retail businesses, and then provides references for the transformation of these enterprises. Theoretical implications of the findings are discussed, and the limitations of the study presented.

Transition to Federalism in Nepal

Nepal embarked on a full-fledged federal system with the adoption of a new Constitution in 2015. Progress has been made in terms of setting up of key institutional structures, and strengthening the regulatory environment for federalism, and to some extent staff deployment. But significant gaps still exist between the needs and existing capacity at all levels of government. A Federalism Capacity Needs Assessment (FCNA) was conducted in 2018-19 for the Government of Nepal (GoN). The FCNA used a broad definition of capacity, including organizational (physical and human) and institutional (laws and regulations) elements. This paper presents progress in the implementation of federalism based on the findings of the FCNA.

All-Inclusive Sustainability? The Sustainable Development Goals at the Antwerp Port Authority Teaching Notes

Launched in 2015, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) represent an authorative global agenda to achieve sustainability. Many organizations have been adopting the SDG and linking it to their sustainability strategies. When the Antwerp Port Authority (APA) adopted the SDGs, it initially focused on five out of these 17 goals. After consulting its stakeholders, APA concluded that its initial choice should be replaced by a choice for focusing on the entire set of SDGs. Since 2017, the SDGs constitute the overarching framework for APA’s sustainability strategy. This brief case aims to enable students to explore and reflect on business organizational approaches towards the SDGs.

All-Inclusive Sustainability? The Sustainable Development Goals at the Antwerp Port Authority: Compact Case

Launched in 2015, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) represent an authorative global agenda to achieve sustainability. Many organizations have been adopting the SDG and linking it to their sustainability strategies. When the Antwerp Port Authority (APA) adopted the SDGs, it initially focused on five out of these 17 goals. After consulting its stakeholders, APA concluded that its initial choice should be replaced by a choice for focusing on the entire set of SDGs. Since 2017, the SDGs constitute the overarching framework for APA’s sustainability strategy. This brief case aims to enable students to explore and reflect on business organizational approaches towards the SDGs.