Dreaming About One’s Own Children: An Online Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 027623662110174
Author(s):  
Michael Schredl ◽  
Naiara Cadiñanos Echevarria ◽  
Louise Saint Macary ◽  
Alexandra Francesca Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Continuity Hypothesis ◽  
Emotional Tone ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Way

Social interactions with close persons are very important and one would expect – according to the continuity hypothesis of dreaming – that the dreamer's own children would show up in dreams quite frequently. So far the extent to which dreams include the dreamer’s own children has not been studied systematically. Overall, 1695 persons (960 women, 735 men; age mean: 53.84 ± 13.99 years) completed an online survey that included questions about dreams and waking-life experiences with their children. The findings indicate parents dream about their children in 17% of the remembered dreams, whereas participants without children only dream about having fictive children in the dream in less than 3% of all their recalled dreams. Results indicate that average emotional tone of the dreams with their own children was positive, but dreams might also focus on conflicts and worries as the mean emotional tone within dreams was less positive that the mean estimates of the emotional tone of the waking-life relationship. This first study on the frequency with which a dreamer’s own children appear in their dreams is a starting point to take a closer look at the way the parent-child relationship is reflected in dreams.

scholarly journals Work-Related Dreams: An Online Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-281
Author(s):  
Michael Schredl ◽  
Lilian Marie Anderson ◽  
Lea Katharina Kahlert ◽  
Celine Sophie Kumpf
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Dream Content ◽  
Continuity Hypothesis ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Emotional Tone ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Hierarchical Position ◽  
Professional Field ◽  
Life Work

Professional work is an integral part of modern life. According to the continuity hypothesis of dreaming, which states that dreams reflect waking life, work-related dreams should be quite common. As most dream content analytic studies are carried out in student samples, the topic of work in dreams is understudied. A few small studies indicate that the stress levels associated with the job are especially reflected in work-related dreams. Here, a total of 1695 people (960 women, 735 men) completed an online survey that included questions about the estimated percentage of work-related dreams, the overall emotional tone of work-related dreams, and waking-life experiences related to their current job situation (working or not working). The findings indicate that every fifth dream is related to current or previous work. Individuals who are working dreamed more often about work, with jobs that are experienced as being more stressful being more likely to affect dream content. The emotional tone of work-related dreams was related to stress and the emotions related to work in waking life. Overall, the findings demonstrate that professional life has a profound effect on dreaming in many individuals—even after years. The next steps would be to study the dream content of work-related dreams and relate these contents to specific characteristics about the jobs, e.g., professional field, hierarchical position and autonomy, etc.

scholarly journals Dreaming about Dogs: An Online Survey

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1915
Author(s):  
Michael Schredl ◽  
Christian Bailer ◽  
Muriel Sophie Weigel ◽  
Melina Sandra Welt
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Continuity Hypothesis ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Active Time ◽  
Dog Owners ◽  
Close Contacts

Dogs have been close human companions for millennia and one would expect—according to the continuity hypothesis of dreaming—that dogs are also quite common in dreams. Previous studies showed that the percentages of dreams that include dogs range from about 1.5% to 5%, but studies relating waking-life experiences with dogs with dreams about dogs have not been carried out. In total, 1695 persons (960 women, 735 men) completed an online survey that included questions about dreams and waking-life experiences that included dogs. The findings indicate that dogs show up, on average, in about 5% of remembered dreams, but this percentage is much higher in the dreams of dog owners and persons with close contacts with dogs. Moreover, the active time spent with a dog and the proximity during sleep is also related to a higher percentage of dreams that include dogs. Although dreams including dogs are on average more positively toned than dreams in general, about 11% of the dog dreams included threatening dogs. Persons who had negative experiences with dogs in their waking lives reported more threatening dog dreams. The results support the continuity hypothesis and it would be very interesting to conduct content analytic studies with dream samples obtained from dog owners to learn more about the variety of interactions between dreamers and dogs.

scholarly journals Parental Perceptions of Mental Health Disorders, and the Effect on Their Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Strange
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Parental Perceptions ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Poor Child ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Parent Child

Could parental perceptions of mental health disorders affect the mental health of their own children? There has been research on the importance of a strong parent-child relationship for child development, but very little has been done to identify other possible factors. The current literature identifies parent child arguments, parent mental health disorders, and parent-child closeness as factors in poor child mental health. This paper will focus on the children’s awareness of their parents’ perception of people with mental health disorders. This was done by conducting an online survey over a series of weeks. The results show a correlation between a parent’s poor attitudes towards mental health, and the poor mental health of their own children.

Parent–Child Relationship Quality as a Mediator of the Association between Perceived Stress and Diabetes Self-Management in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
pp. 107484072097158
Author(s):  
Jiaxin Luo ◽  
Jia Guo ◽  
Jundi Yang ◽  
Xiancai Ou ◽  
Margaret Grey
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Parent Child

Diabetes self-management is suboptimal in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D), including those in China. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of parent–child relationship quality on diabetes self-management. Data were collected by a self-report survey among 122 Chinese adolescents from April to July 2017. The data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance, descriptive analyses, correlation analyses, and mediation analyses. The mean age was 13.8 (range, 10–18) years, and the mean diabetes duration was 4.1 (±3.1) years. About half of the adolescents with T1D experienced high levels of perceived stress. Parent–child relationship quality mediated the associations between perceived stress and collaboration with parents, diabetes care activities, and diabetes communication on aspects of diabetes self-management ( ps < 0.05). To reduce the negative impacts of perceived stress on diabetes self-management in this population, parent–child relationship quality should be considered an important element of family-based interventions and clinical practice.

scholarly journals Parent Child Relationship During COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najwa Andejany ◽  
Karimah Qutah ◽  
Sultan Alwajeeh ◽  
Reem Msallam ◽  
Dalia Alyamani
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Parent Child

Abstract Background: Coronavirus disease in 2019, also known as COVID-19, is a respiratory disease that is cause by Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus 2. In March 2020, the World Health Organization Declared the disease as a pandemic. Social Distancing is to prevent the transmission of the virus from the asymptomatic persons, who are not yet isolated. Aim: To measure the parent-child relationship during the COVID-19 Social Distancing in Saudi Arabia. Method: A cross sectional survey study, done from 2020 April to July and shortly after the quarantine was stopped. Questionnaire used was the short version of a validated survey created by Robert Pianta to assess the parents-child relationship during and before the quarantine period in the western part of Saudi Arabia, mainly Jeddah and adjacent cities. Result: Total participants were 377, and the mean age of the parents is 37 years. On average, parents have from 1-3 children. The mean average number of hours parent stayed with their children before the Social Distancing was 8 hours and this increased to 12 hours after Social Distancing. Women tend to have average number of hours stayed with children higher than men. Comparing the closeness score and conflict score between before the Quarantine and after it showed a statistically significant more conflict before the Quarantine than after it. It was higher among female parents compared to male parents. For closeness there was no statistical significance as both scores were close to 31. Conclusion: There is a statistical significance improve in the closeness between parents and their children after the COVID-19 social distancing and more time spent with them. However, the conflict between mothers and their children were less comparing before and during the quarantine.

Racial Differences in Parental Involvement and Physical and Psychological Maltreatment: Processes Related to Regard for Parents

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-763
Author(s):  
Mallory L. Malkin ◽  
Cliff McKinney
Keyword(s):  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Psychological Maltreatment ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Conflict Tactics ◽  
Parent Child

Research indicates that perceptions of and regard for parents are important in the parent–child relationship of emerging adults and associated with both emotional and social adjustment and development. We examined the relationship between current regard for parents, parental involvement, and conflict tactics during emerging adulthood among White and Black emerging adults. The sample consisted of 1,401 participants ranging from 18 to 25 years. Current perceptions of mothers and fathers and conflict tactics were measured separately via an online survey using the Parental Environment Questionnaire and the Conflict Tactics Scale: Parent–Child version. Blacks reported lower parental involvement than Whites. When examining perceptions of mothers, Blacks, compared with Whites, reported more maternal physical maltreatment. When examining perceptions of fathers, Blacks, compared with Whites, reported less regard for fathers but no differences with regard for mothers. Additionally, Blacks, compared with Whites, reported higher maternal psychological maltreatment.

THE PARENTS' REACTION TO THE BIRTH AND EARLY CARE OF CHILDREN WITH CLEFT PALATE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
Veronica B. Tisza ◽  
Elizabeth Gumpertz
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Medical Doctor ◽  
Emotional Understanding ◽  
Early Care ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Feeding Difficulties ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Mother Child Relationship

From the beginning the life experiences of the baby born with cleft palate and cleft lip are different from those of normal infants. Following a discussion of the nature of the initial feeding difficulties, some parental anxieties related to the babies' malformation are enumerated. The birth of a congenitally damaged baby is experienced as a grievous loss by the mother. The length, depth, and nature of the resolution of her mourning reaction influences significantly the mother-child relationship. The key position of the medical doctor in relieving parental anxieties and alleviating grief is emphasized. His emotional understanding and continued support play an important part in the development of a relaxed and accepting parent-child relationship.

Parent-Child Communication in Bereaved Israeli Families

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyllis R. Silverman ◽  
Anita Weiner ◽  
Nava Elad
Keyword(s):  
Family Caregiver ◽  
Israeli Society ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Parent Child Communication ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Family Language ◽  
Open Family ◽  
The Way ◽  
Parent Child

The nature of surviving parent-child communication in bereaved Israeli families is examined in terms of the culture of Israeli society. Concern is with the way the culture frames the parent-child relationship in the period shortly after the death. Twenty-three surviving parents and their forty-three children between ages of six and sixteen were interviewed four months after the death. Both parents and children seemed concerned with protecting each other from the pain and sadness associated with the loss. Two types of families were identified. In the open family, language is used to console and inform. Parents see themselves as able to respond to their child(ren)'s needs. Less open families used language to influence the child to avoid their feelings and confronting the death. These surviving parents often saw the deceased as the competent family caregiver.

scholarly journals Parent and Child’s Negative Emotions During COVID-19: The Moderating Role of Parental Attachment Style

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziqin Liang ◽  
Elisa Delvecchio ◽  
Yucong Cheng ◽  
Claudia Mazzeschi
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Parental Attachment ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Italian Children

In February 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) appeared and spread rapidly in Italy. With the health emergency and social isolation, parents started spending more time with their children, and they might have experienced greater distress. Attachment style is considered as an effective emotion regulation strategy in the parent–child relationship. However, few empirical studies have addressed this issue. Based on attachment theory, this study aimed to find parental attachment style as a candidate to moderate the relation between parents’ negative emotions and their perceptions of their children’s negative emotions related to COVID-19. Parents (Mage = 42.55 ± 6.56, 88.2% female) of 838 Italian children and adolescents aged 3 to 18 years participated in an online survey. Results showed that parents with a fearful attachment style had significantly higher negative emotions when facing COVID-19 than those with other attachment styles. Moreover, parents with a dismissing attachment style perceived fewer negative emotions in their children than parents with fearful and preoccupied styles. At last, higher parents’ negative emotions were associated with greater perception of children’s negative emotions only in parents classified as secure and fearful. These findings suggest that parents with dismissing and fearful attachment styles and their children may be at higher risk during the COVID-19 pandemic and they should be given long-term attention.

scholarly journals Associations between parent–child relationship, and children’s externalizing and internalizing symptoms, and lifestyle behaviors in China during the COVID-19 epidemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanxing Du ◽  
Li He ◽  
Mark R. Francis ◽  
Mark Forshaw ◽  
Kerry Woolfall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Externalizing And Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Parent Child Relationships ◽  
Parent Child

AbstractTo investigate associations between parent–child relationships, children’s externalizing and internalizing symptoms, and lifestyle responses to the COVID-19 epidemic, we conducted an online survey of a random, representative sample of residents with children aged 3–17 years during mid-March 2020 in Wuhan and Shanghai, China. A total of 1655 parents and children were surveyed with a response rate of 80.1% in the survey. During the epidemic, the frequency of children enquiring about the epidemic (AOR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.06), parents explaining the epidemic to them (AOR = 2.87, 95% CI: 1.80, 4.58), parents expressing negative emotions in front of them (AOR = 2.62; 95% CI = 2.08–3.30), and parents with more irritable attitudes (AOR = 1.93; 95% CI = 1.33–2.81) were significantly associated with children’s externalizing symptoms. For internalizing symptoms, significant associations were found with worse parent–child closeness (AOR = 2.93; 95% CI = 1.80–4.79), the frequency of parents expressing negative emotions in front of them (AOR = 2.64; 95% CI = 1.68, 4.12), and more irritable attitudes (AOR = 2.24; 95% CI = 1.42–3.55). We also found that each indicator of parent–child relationships had the significantly similar associations with children’s lifestyle behaviors. These findings suggest that improving parents’ attitudes towards their children and parent–child closeness during the epidemic, especially among parents with lower educational levels, are important to ensure the wellbeing of children.

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